The Holocaust and Australia: Refugees, Rejection, and Memory

Description

Paul R. Bartrop examines the formation and execution of Australian government policy towards European Jews during the Holocaust period, revealing that Australia did not have an established refugee policy (as opposed to an immigration policy) until late 1938. He shows that, following the Evian Conference of July 1938, Interior Minister John McEwen pledged a new policy of accepting 15,000 refugees (not specifically Jewish), but the bureaucracy cynically sought to restrict Jewish entry despite McEwen’s lofty ambitions. Moreover, the book considers the (largely negative) popular attitudes toward Jewish immigrants in Australia, looking at how these views were manifested in the press and in letters to the Department of the Interior. The Holocaust and Australia grapples with how, when the Second World War broke out, questions of security were exploited as the means to further exclude Jewish refugees, a policy incongruous alongside government pronouncements condemning Nazi atrocities. The book also reflects on the double standard applied towards refugees who were Jewish and those who were not, as shown through the refusal of the government to accept 90% of Jewish applications before the war. During the war years this double standard continued, as Australia said it was not accepting foreign immigrants while taking in those it deemed to be acceptable for the war effort. Incorporating the voices of the Holocaust refugees themselves and placing the country’s response in the wider contexts of both national and international history in the decades that have followed, Paul R. Bartrop provides a peerless Australian perspective on one of the most catastrophic episodes in world history. Cover Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Dramatis
Personae Introduction 1 Australians, Jews and a Hostile World 2 Confronting the Refugee Challenge 3 Developing a Response 4 Australia and the Evian Conference 5 Holding the Line 6 Public Opinion and Policy Options 7 Liberalization? 8 Total Restriction 9 The Last Days of Peace 10 Responses to Jewish Refugees 11 Refugees and Enemy Aliens 12 Wartime Europe and Australia 13 News about the Holocaust 14 Australians View the Nuremberg Trial 15 Aftermath: The Hunt for Nazi War Criminals 16 Memory: The Holocaust and Its Place in Australian History Notes Bibliography Index