Patterns in college writing

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About this Book Cover Page Inside Front Cover Title Page Dedication Copyright Page Preface Contents Thematic Guide to the Contents Introduction: How to Use This Book Henry Louis Gates Jr.: “What’s in a Name?” Responding to an Essay Responding to Other Kinds of Texts Part One: The Writing Process Chapter 1: Reading to Write: Becoming a Critical Reader Understanding Critical Reading Assessing Your Prior Knowledge Determining Your Purpose Previewing Highlighting Brent Staples: Cutting and Pasting: A Senior Thesis by (Insert Name) Moisés Naím: The YouTube Effect Annotating Reading Visual Texts Chapter 2: Invention Understanding Your Assignment Setting Limits Length Purpose Audience Occasion Knowledge Moving from Subject to Topic Questions for Probing Freewriting Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Journal Writing Grouping Ideas Clustering Making an Informal Outline Developing a Thesis Defining the Thesis Statement Deciding on a Thesis Stating Your Thesis Implying a Thesis Chapter 3: Arrangement Recognizing a Pattern Understanding the Parts of the Essay The Introduction The Body Paragraphs The Conclusion Constructing a Formal Outline Chapter 4: Drafting and Revising Writing Your First Draft Revising Your Essay Revising with an Outline Revising with a Checklist Revising with Your Instructor’s Written Comments Revising in a Conference Revising in a Peer-Editing Group Strategies for Revising Points for Special Attention: First Draft The Introduction The Body Paragraphs The Conclusion Points for Special Attention: Second Draft The Introduction The Body Paragraphs The Conclusion Working with Sources The Title Chapter 5: Editing and Proofreading Editing for Grammar Be Sure Subjects and Verbs Agree Be Sure Verb Tenses Are Accurate and Consistent Be Sure Pronoun References Are Clear Be Sure Sentences Are Complete Be Careful Not to Run Sentences Together without Proper Punctuation Be Careful to Avoid Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Be Sure Sentence Elements Are Parallel Editing for Punctuation Learn When to Use Commas — and When Not to Use Them Learn When to Use Semicolons Learn When to Use Apostrophes Learn When to Use Quotation Marks Learn When to Use Dashes Learn When to Use Colons Editing for Sentence Style and Word Choice Eliminate Awkward Phrasing Be Sure Your Sentences Are Concise Be Sure Your Sentences Are Varied Use Transitional Words and Phrases to Clarify Connections between Ideas Choose Your Words Carefully Proofreading Your Essay Check for Commonly Confused Words Check for Misspellings and Faulty Capitalization Check for Typos Checking Your Paper’s Format Part Two: Readings for Writers Chapter 6: Narration What Is Narration? Using Narration Planning a Narrative Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Including Enough Detail Varying Sentence Structure Maintaining Clear Narrative Order Structuring a Narrative Essay Revising a Narrative Essay Editing a Narrative Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Marjane Satrapi: from Persepolis II (Graphic Fiction) Junot DÍaz: The Money Hanif Abdurraqib: My First Police Stop Bonnie Smith-Yackel: My Mother Never Worked Martin Gansberg: Thirty-Seven Who Saw Murder Didn’t Call the Police George Orwell: Shooting an Elephant Alberto Álvaro RÍos: The Secret Lion (Fiction) Joy Harjo: An American Sunrise (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Narration Collaborative Activity for Narration Chapter 7: Description What Is Description? Using Description Understanding Objective Description Understanding Subjective Description Using Objective and Subjective Language Selecting Details Planning a Descriptive Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Organizing Details Using Transitions Structuring a Descriptive Essay Revising a Descriptive Essay Editing a Descriptive Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Ansel Adams: Jackson Lake (Photo) Bich Minh Nguyen: Goodbye to My Twinkie Days Trevor Noah: Soweto Marina Keegan: Stability in Motion Heather Rogers: The Hidden Life of Garbage Jonathan Ababiy: How the Other Half Lives Kate Chopin: The Storm (Fiction) Writing Assignments for Description Collaborative Activity for Description Chapter 8: Exemplification What Is Exemplification? Using Exemplification Using Examples to Explain and Clarify Using Examples to Add Interest Using Examples to Persuade Planning an Exemplification Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Providing Enough Examples Choosing a Fair Range of Examples Using Transitions Structuring an Exemplification Essay Revising an Exemplification Essay Editing an Exemplification Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Four Inventions (Photographs) Olivia Goldhill: Should Driverless Cars Kill Their Own Passengers to Save a Pedestrian? Judith Ortiz Cofer: The Myth of the Latin Woman: I Just Met a Girl Named Maria Brent Staples: Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space Farhad Manjoo: Call Me “They” Maia Szalavitz: Ten Ways We Get the Odds Wrong Jamaica Kincaid: “Girl” (Fiction) Writing Assignments for Exemplification Collaborative Activity for Exemplification Chapter 9: Process What Is Process? Understanding Instructions Understanding Process Explanations Using Process Planning a Process Essay Accommodating Your Audience Developing a Thesis Statement Using Transitions Structuring a Process Essay Revising a Process Essay Editing a Process Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision National Geographic: Yellowstone Fires, Past and Future (Illustration) Naomi Rosenberg: How to Tell a Mother Her Child Is Dead Roger Spranz: How to Make a Waste Pie Chart Brad Plumer and Ruairi Arrieta-Kenna: How Do Hurricanes Form? A Step-by-Step Guide Eugene Kiely and Lori Robertson: How to Spot Fake News Jessica Mitford: The Embalming of Mr. Jones Shirley Jackson: The Lottery (Fiction) Writing Assignments for Process Collaborative Activity for Process Chapter 10: Cause and Effect What Is Cause and Effect? Using Cause and Effect Understanding Main and Contributory Causes Understanding Immediate and Remote Causes Understanding Causal Chains Avoiding Post Hoc Reasoning Planning a Cause-and-Effect Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Arranging Causes and Effects Using Transitions Structuring a Cause-and-Effect Essay Finding Causes Describing or Predicting Effects Revising a Cause-and-Effect Essay Editing a Cause-and-Effect Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Jeffrey Coolidge: Rube Goldberg Machine (Photo) Ray Fisman and Michael Luca: Did Free Pens Cause the Opioid Crisis? Maggie Koerth: Why Rational People Buy into Conspiracy Theories Arthur W. Lambert: What Causes Cancer? It’s Complicated Linda M. Hasselstrom: A Peaceful Woman Explains Why She Carries a Gun Karen Miller Pensiero: Photos That Change History Martin Espada: Why I Went to College (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Cause and Effect Collaborative Activity for Cause and Effect Chapter 11: Comparison and Contrast What Is Comparison and Contrast? Using Comparison and Contrast Planning a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Recognizing Comparison-and-Contrast Assignments Establishing a Basis for Comparison Selecting Points for Discussion Developing a Thesis Statement Structuring a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Using Subject-by-Subject Comparison Using Point-by-Point Comparison Using Transitions Revising a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Editing a Comparison-and-Contrast Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Auguste Rodin: The Kiss (Sculpture) Robert Indiana: LOVE (Sculpture) Robert Weiss: Closer Together or Further Apart: Digital Devices and the New Generation Gap Amy Chua: Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior Ellen Laird: I’m Your Teacher, Not Your Internet-Service Provider Deborah Tannen: Sex, Lies, and Conversation Isabel Wilkerson: Emmett Till and Tamir Rice, Sons of the Great Migration Steven Conn: The Twin Revolutions of Lincoln and Darwin William Shakespeare: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Comparison and Contrast Collaborative Activity for Comparison and Contrast Chapter 12: Classification and Division What Is Classification and Division? Understanding Classification Understanding Division Using Classification and Division Planning a Classification-and-Division Essay Selecting and Arranging Categories Developing a Thesis Statement Using Transitions Structuring a Classification-and-Division Essay Revising a Classification-and-Division Essay Editing a Classification-and-Division Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Matt Groening: The 9 Types of College Teachers (Cartoon) Mindy Kaling: Flick Chicks: A Guide to Women in the Movies Carolyn Foster Segal: The Dog Ate My Tablet, and Other Tales of Woe Amy Tan: Mother Tongue Stephanie Ericsson: The Ways We Lie Amy Lowell: Patterns (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Classification and Division Collaborative Activity for Classification and Division Chapter 13: Definition What Is Definition? Understanding Formal Definitions Understanding Extended Definitions Using Definition Planning a Definition Essay Developing a Thesis Statement Deciding on a Pattern of Development Structuring a Definition Essay Revising a Definition Essay Editing a Definition Essay Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Alison Bechdel: The Rule (Comic Strip) Judy Brady: I Want a Wife José Antonio Burciaga: Tortillas Virginia Foxx: Stop Calling It “Vocational Training” Toni Morrison: Goodness: Altruism and the Literary Imagination Emily Dickinson: “Hope” is the thing with feathers (Poetry) Writing Assignments for Definition Collaborative Activity for Definition Chapter 14: Argumentation What Is Argumentation? Understanding Argumentation and Persuasion Planning an Argumentative Essay Choosing a Topic Developing a Thesis Analyzing Your Audience Gathering and Documenting Evidence Dealing with the Opposition Strategies for Refuting Opposing Arguments Understanding Rogerian Argument Using Deductive and Inductive Arguments Using Deductive Arguments Using Inductive Arguments Using Toulmin Logic Recognizing Fallacies Using Transitions Structuring an Argumentative Essay Revising an Argumentative Essay Revision Checklist Editing an Argumentative Essay Grammar In Context Editing Checklist Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision National Highway Traffic Safety Administration And The Ad Council Thomas Jefferson: The Declaration of Independence Rachel Carson: The Obligation to Endure Martin Luther King Jr.: Letter from Birmingham Jail ✶Debate: Should Federal Student Loans Be Forgiven? Mary Clare Amselem: No, Your Student Loans Should Not Be Forgiven Eric Levitz: We Must Cancel Everyone’s Student Debt, for the Economy’s Sake ✶Debate: Can Individuals Do Anything to Resolve the Climate Crisis? Leor Hackel And Gregg Sparkman: Reducing Your Carbon Footprint Still Matters Natasha Geiling: The Only Individual Action That Matters Is Voting for People Who Care about Climate Change ✶Casebook: Is Free Speech on Campus in Peril? Geoffrey R. Stone: Free Expression in Peril Laura Beth Nielsen: The Case for Restricting Hate Speech Sophie Downes: Trigger Warnings, Safe Spaces, and Free Speech, Too Shannon Palus: The Latest Study on Trigger Warnings Finally Convinced Me They’re Not Worth It Ben Heine: Censorship (Illustration) ✶Casebook: How Can We Stem the Tide of Gun Violence? German Lopez: Guns Are the Problem Sean Gregory and Chris Wilson: 6 Real Ways We Can Reduce Gun Violence William V. Glastris JR.: A Real Long-Term Solution to Gun Violence Clifton Leaf: How Australia All but Ended Gun Violence Mad Magazine: From “The Ghastlygun Tinies” (Illustrated Poem) Writing Assignments for Argumentation Collaborative Activity for Argumentation Chapter 15: Combining the Patterns Structuring an Essay by Combining the Patterns Combining the Patterns: Revising and Editing Points for Special Attention Focus on Revision Lars Eighner: On Dumpster Diving Olivia Judson: Long Live the Albatross David Kirby: Inked Well Jonathan Swift: A Modest Proposal Writing Assignments for Combining the Patterns Collaborative Activity for Combining the Patterns Part Three: Working with Sources Chapter 16: Finding and Evaluating Sources Finding Information in the Library Finding Information on the Internet Finding Useful Information Evaluating Sources Is the Source Authoritative? Is the Source Accurate? Is the Source Objective? Is the Source Current? Is the Source Comprehensive? Chapter 17: Integrating Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism Paraphrasing Summarizing Quoting Integrating Source Material into Your Writing Synthesizing Avoiding Plagiarism Avoiding Common Errors That Lead to Plagiarism Avoiding Plagiarism with Online Sources Chapter 18: Documenting Sources: MLA Parenthetical References in the Text The Works-Cited List Articles Books Internet Sources Other Internet Sources Other Nonprint Sources Model Student Research Paper in MLA Style Appendix: Documenting Sources: APA Using Parenthetical References Examples of APA Citations Model Student Paper in APA Style Glossary Acknowledgments Index Notes Inside Back Cover Back Cover