Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: Advanced Materials and Processes

Description

Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: Advanced Materials and Process provides information about the fundamental principles and recent development of various methods and processes for CO2 mitigation and transformation. Beginning with a brief overview of recent advancements in CO2 capture and valorization technologies, the book elaborates on CO2 capture and conversion by covering nanoporous materials, biomaterials, innovative solvents, advanced membrane technology, nanocatalyst synthesis and design, cutting-edge characterization techniques as well as reaction mechanisms and kinetics. In addition to techno-economic evaluation and life-cycle assessment for CO2 capture and conversion processes, future perspectives, opportunities and current challenges regarding these processes in terms of their industrial applications, are systematically discussed. Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: Advanced Materials and Process is, therefore, an essential resource for academic researchers, postgraduates, scientists, and engineers seeking fundamental knowledge and practical applications for use in their research and development, studies and industrial operations. Cover Half Title Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: Advanced Materials and Processes Copyright Contents List of contributors About the editors Preface 1. A brief overview of recent advancements in CO2 capture and valorization technologies 1.1 Introduction 1.2 CO2 emissions 1.3 CO2 capture and storage technologies 1.4 Valorization of CO2 to produce valuable chemicals 1.5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 2. Sustainable utilization of CO2 toward a circular economy: prospects, challenges, and opportunities 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Overview of pathways for CO2 emissions 2.2.1 CO2 emissions in residential and commercial building 2.2.2 CO2 emissions in industrial processes 2.2.3 CO2 emissions in the transportation sector 2.2.4 CO2 emissions electricity generation 2.3 Strategies and circular economic model for mitigation of CO2 emissions and its sustainable utilization 2.3.1 Strategies for CO2 emission reduction 2.4 Processes for sustainable utilization of CO2 for value-added products 2.4.1 CO2 reforming of hydrocarbon and biomass 2.4.2 CO2 hydrogenation to renewable fuels and value-added products 2.5 Overcoming the challenges of CO2 valorization to sustainable products 2.6 Conclusions References 3. CO2 conversion technologies for clean fuels production 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Methods for CO2 conversion 3.3 CO2 conversion into methanol 3.4 CO2 conversion into synthesis gas 3.5 CO2 conversion to methane (methanation) reaction 3.6 CO2 conversion into dimethyl ether 3.7 CO2 conversion into gasoline 3.8 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 4. Upcycling of carbon from waste via bioconversion into biofuel and feed Abbreviations 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Upcycling of CO2 by microalgae 4.3 Upcycling of carbon by insect larvae 4.4 Biomethanation of CO2 by anaerobic digestion 4.5 Importance of bioconversion in circular bioeconomy 4.6 Opportunity and challenges in bioconversion of carbon source 4.7 Conclusions References 5. Organic base-mediated fixation of CO2 into value-added chemicals Abbreviations 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Organic base-mediated transformation of CO2 into value-added products 5.2.1 Linear/cyclic urea and carbamoyl azides 5.2.2 Linear/cyclic carbamates 5.2.3 Linear/cyclic carbonates 5.2.4 Polyureas–polycarbonates 5.2.5 CO2 reduction-derived products 5.2.6 Carboxylic acids and their ester derivatives 5.2.7 Five-membered heterocycles 5.2.8 Six-membered heterocycles 5.3 Conclusions References 6. Catalytic conversion of CO2 into methanol Abbreviations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methanol uses and applications 6.2.1 Chemical feedstock 6.2.2 Energy source 6.2.3 Other uses 6.2.4 Industrial methanol synthesis 6.2.5 Hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol 6.3 CO2 activation and its thermodynamic challenges for methanol reduction 6.4 Catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 into methanol 6.4.1 Cu/ZnO-based catalysts 6.4.2 Catalyst supports 6.4.2.1 Alumina as a catalyst support 6.4.2.2 Mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as a catalyst support 6.4.3 Catalyst promoters 6.5 Factors affecting methanol synthesis 6.5.1 Catalyst pretreatment 6.5.2 Reaction conditions 6.5.2.1 Temperature 6.5.2.2 Pressure 6.5.2.3 Space velocity 6.6 Deactivation of the catalysts 6.7 Conclusions References 7. Application of calcium looping (CaL) technology for CO2 capture 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Calcium looping process 7.3 Reactivity decay of CaO-based sorbents 7.3.1 Sintering 7.3.2 Reaction with impurities 7.3.3 Attrition 7.4 Natural and synthetic CaO-based sorbents 7.4.1 Natural sorbents 7.4.1.1 Doping of naturally occurring sorbents 7.4.1.2 Chemical pretreatment 7.4.1.3 Incorporation of sintering-resistant supports 7.4.2 Synthetic sorbents 7.4.2.1 Unsupported CaO-based sorbents 7.4.2.2 Supported CaO-based sorbents 7.5 Kinetics modeling of calcium looping process 7.6 Conclusions and perspectives References 8. Dry reforming of methane and biogas to produce syngas: a review of catalysts and process conditions Abbreviations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Heterogeneous catalyst for dry reforming 8.2.1 Noble metal-based catalyst 8.2.2 Nonnoble metal-based catalysts 8.2.3 Bimetallic catalysts 8.3 Effects of supports 8.4 Role of modifiers 8.5 Role of preparation methods 8.6 Effects of process conditions 8.7 Role of precursor 8.8 Conclusions Acknowledgments References 9. Advances in the industrial applications of supercritical carbon dioxide 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Unique properties of SCCO2 9.3 Industrial applications of SCCO2 9.3.1 Extraction of bioactive compounds 9.3.2 Extraction of cannabinoids 9.3.3 Conversion of waste heat into power 9.3.4 Catalysis 9.3.5 Sustainable energy generation 9.3.6 Biomass pretreatment and recovery of value-added biochemicals 9.3.7 Other industrial applications 9.4 Conclusions and perspectives Acknowledgments References 10. Application of membrane technology for CO2 capture and separation Abbreviations List of symbols 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Transport mechanisms for gas separation 10.2.1 Diffusion in porous membranes 10.2.2 Diffusion in nonporous membranes 10.3 Membrane preparation 10.3.1 Preparation of polymeric membranes 10.3.1.1 Phase inversion technique 10.3.1.2 Non-solvent induced phase separation 10.3.1.3 Thermally induced phase separation 10.3.2 Preparation of inorganic membranes 10.3.2.1 Slip casting 10.3.2.2 Sol-gel process 10.3.2.3 Chemical vapor deposition 10.3.2.4 Pyrolysis 10.4 Polymeric membranes 10.4.1 Polymer blends membranes 10.4.2 Mixed matrix membranes 10.5 Inorganic membranes 10.5.1 Carbon molecular sieve membranes 10.5.2 Ceramic membranes 10.5.3 Zeolite membranes 10.6 Conclusions and perspectives References 11. Sequestration of carbon dioxide into petroleum reservoir for enhanced oil and gas recovery Abbreviations 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Oil and gas reservoirs 11.3 Advanced oil and gas recovery mechanism 11.3.1 Enhanced oil recovery 11.3.2 Enhanced gas recovery 11.3.3 Challenges and strategy for increased oil/gas recovery 11.4 Fundamentals of CO2 gas injection 11.4.1 Sources of CO2 11.4.1.1 Fossil fuel combustion and usage 11.4.1.2 Electricity/heat sector 11.4.1.3 Transportation sector 11.4.1.4 Industrial sector 11.4.1.5 Land-use changes 11.4.1.6 Industrial processes 11.4.2 Surface facilities 11.5 Technologies for enhanced oil/gas recovery 11.5.1 CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery 11.5.2 CO2 injection for enhanced gas recovery 11.5.3 CO2 solubility in oil and gas 11.5.4 CO2 injection facilities and process design considerations 11.6 Economic evaluation 11.7 Conclusions References Index Cover back