Steroids and doping in sports : a reference handbook

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Cover Half Title Title Copyright Contents Preface 1 BACKGROUND AND HISTORY The History of Performance-Enhancing Drugs Doping in the Modern Era Testosterone The Early Years The Search for Testosterone What Is Testosterone? Derivatives of Testosterone How Testosterone Works in the Human Body Effects of Anabolic Steroids on the Human Body Therapeutic Uses of Anabolic Steroids Risks Associated with the Use of Anabolic Steroids Appearance- and Performance-Enhancing Drug Use Prevalence of Anabolic Steroid Use References 2 PROBLEMS, ISSUES, AND SOLUTIONS Doping in Athletic Competition, 1950-1970 Banning the Use of Anabolic Steroids Testing Methodology Problems Associated with Testing "Beating the Game," The 1970s: Doping Gone Wild The Great Breakthrough: The 1980s The 1990s: Steroid Use Ne Plus Ultra The BALCO Scandal 2012: The Dam Bursts Doping in Horse Racing Should Steroid Use Be Legal? References 3 PERSPECTIVES Introduction Steroid Abuse and Body Image Competing Motives in Sports Doping Therapeutic Use Exemptions in Sport Cheating with Drugs in Thoroughbred Racing The Problematic Character of the Case for Regulation of Steroids An Overview of Hormone Replacement Therapy for Transsexual Patients The Politicization of Doping in Sports Drug Testing High School Athletes and Fitness Trainers 4 PROFILES Introduction Patrick Arnold (1966- ) Joe Biden (1942- ) Barry Bonds (1964—) Charles Brown-Séquard (1817-1894) Adolf Butenandt (1903-1995) Jose Canseco (1964-) Don Catlin (1938-) Victor Conte (1950- ) Daniel Duchaine (1952-2000) International Association of Athletics Foundation Charles Kochakian (1908-1999) Floyd Landis (1975- ) Ernst Laqueur (1880-1947) George J. Mitchell (1933- ) National Institute on Drug Abuse Dick Pound (1942- ) Grigory Rodchenkov (1958- ) Leopold Ruzicka (1887-1976) Arnold Schwarzenegger (1947- ) The Taylor Hooton Foundation United States Anti-Doping Agency The World Anti-Doping Agency John Ziegler (ca. 1920-1983) 5 DATA AND DOCUMENTS Introduction Data Table 5.1. Percentage of High School Students Who Ever Took Steroids without a Doctor's Prescription, by Race/Ethnicity and Grade Table 5.2. Perceived Harmfulness of Steroids among 12th Grade U.S. Students, 1989-2015 (Percentages) Table 5.3. Disapproval of Steroid Use, among 12th Grade U.S. Students, 1990-2015 (Percentages) Table 5.4. Availability of Steroids, According to U.S. 12th Graders, 1991-2015 (Percentage of Respondents Indicating Availability) Table 5.5. Total Anti-Doping Rule Violations, All Sports, 2013 Documents Drug Misuse: Anabolic Steroids and Human Growth Hormone (1989) Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 1990 H.R.3866—Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 Anabolic Steroids Are Easily Purchased without a Prescription and Present Significant Challenges to Law Enforcement Officials (2005) Clean Sports Act of 2005 Mitchell Report (2007) Effectiveness of Federal Anabolic Steroid Prevention Programs (2007) United States of America v. Marion Jones (2007) Mandatory Steroid Testing for High School Students in New Jersey (2007) Anabolic Steroid Ban on Horse Racing in Kentucky (2008) UCI v. Alberto Contador Velasco & RFEC and Wada v. Alberto Contador Velasco & RFEC (2012) Designer Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2014 World Anti-Doping Program (2015) McLaren's Independent Investigation Reports (2016) 6 RESOURCES Introduction Books Articles Reports Internet 7 CHRONOLOGY Glossary Index About the Author