Computational and Experimental Methods in Mechanical Engineering: Proceedings of ICCEMME 2021 (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 239)

Description

This book includes selected peer-reviewed papers presented at third International Conference on Computational and Experimental Methods in Mechanical Engineering held in June 2021 at G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, U.P, India. The book covers broad range of topics in latest research including hydropower, heat transfer, fluid mechanics, advanced manufacturing, recycling and waste disposal, solar energy, thermal power plants, refrigeration and air conditioning, robotics, automation and mechatronics, and advanced designs. The authors are experienced and experts in their field, and all papers are reviewed by expert reviewers in respective field. The book is useful for industry peoples, faculties, and research scholars. Preface Contents Editors and Contributors 1 Damage Detection in Eggshell Using Lamb Waves 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Lamb Wave Analysis in Thin Shell Structures 1.3 Finite Element Analysis of Eggshell Using Lamb Waves 1.4 Material Properties and Element Size 1.5 Post-processing of Finite Element Results 1.6 Conclusion and Future Scope References 2 Study of Steering System for an Electric Trike-Ackerman Steering 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Steering System and Mechanisms 2.3 Rack and Pinion 2.4 Variable Ratio Steering 2.5 Re-circulating Ball/Steering Box 2.6 Sources of Ackerman 2.7 Ackerman Principle and Steering Geometry 2.8 Prototype 2.9 Literature Survey 2.10 Conclusion References 3 Experimental Study of Parameter Affecting the Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials and Alloy: A Review 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Review 3.3 Summary and discussion 3.4 Conclusion References 4 An Experimental and Mathematical Analysis for Improvement of Gas Stove Efficiency 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review 4.3 Experimental Setup and Procedure 4.4 Calculation 4.5 Uncertainty Analysis 4.6 Result and Discussion 4.7 Conclusions References 5 Theoretical Investigation of Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Al–Cu Functionally Graded Material Through Gradation Laws 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials and Methods 5.3 Result and Discussion 5.4 Conclusion References 6 Thermodynamic Analysis of N2O Transcritical Cycle Using Dedicated Mechanical Subcooling 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of the System 6.3 Results and Discussion 6.3.1 Effect of Environment Temperature on Percentage Improvement in COP at Different Degrees of Subcooling 6.3.2 Effect of Gas Cooler Pressure (GCP) on Specific Cooling Capacity (SCC) for Different Degrees of Subcooling 6.3.3 Effect of GCP on COP at Different Degrees of Subcooling 6.3.4 Effect of GCP on Power Consumption Ratio at Different Degrees of Subcooling 6.3.5 Effect of Environment Temperature on Percentage Improvement in COP for Different Refrigerants 6.4 Conclusions References 7 Effect of PEO Concentration on Electrochemical and Mechanical Properties of PVDF, PEO and LATP Blended Solid Polymer Electrolyte 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Experimental 7.2.1 Material 7.2.2 Synthesis of Polymer Electrolytes 7.2.3 Preparation of Solid Polymer Electrolytes 7.2.4 Characterization of Solid Polymer Electrolytes 7.3 Results and Discussion 7.4 Conclusion References 8 Applicability of Banana Fiber as Reinforcement in Composites 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Characteristics of Banana Fiber 8.3 Fiber Preparation 8.4 Methods of Composites Preparation 8.5 Banana Fiber-Reinforced Composites 8.6 Conclusions References 9 State of Art on Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Materials and Methods 9.3 Discussion 9.4 Conclusion and Future Scope References 10 Effect of La3+ Substitution on Structural, Magnetic, and Multiferroic Properties of Bismuth Ferrite (Bi1-xLaxFeO3) Nanoceramics 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Experimental 10.3 Results and Discussions 10.3.1 XRD Analysis 10.3.2 FE-SEM Analysis 10.3.3 FTIR Analysis 10.3.4 EDAX Analysis 10.3.5 Magnetic Properties 10.3.6 Multiferroic Analysis 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Experimental Analysis of Wear and Mechanical Characteristics of Aluminium Matrix Composite Fabricated Through Powder Metallurgy 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methodology and Experimental Setup 11.2.1 Rule of Mixtures 11.2.2 Powder Metallurgy Method 11.2.3 Wear Test 11.3 Results and Discussion 11.3.1 Weight Loss 11.3.2 Wear Characteristics 11.4 Conclusion 11.5 Future Scope of Work References 12 Recent Advancements on Structural Health Monitoring Using Lamb Waves 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Structural Health Monitoring Using Lamb Waves 12.3 Sensors and Actuators in SHM 12.4 Conclusion References 13 Global Overview of Large-Scale Photovoltaic System and Its Electrical Energy Storage Implementation 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Global Scenario of PV System 13.2.1 Germany 13.2.2 China 13.2.3 United States 13.2.4 Italy 13.3 Technologies Used in PV Cell 13.3.1 Multi-Junction Solar Cells 13.3.2 Organic Cells 13.3.3 Quantum Dot Solar Cell 13.4 Stability and Integration Issue for PV 13.4.1 Intermittent Issue for Solar Power 13.4.2 Irradiance Forecasting of Solar Light 13.5 Integration of EES with PV System 13.6 Various EES Technology 13.6.1 Redox Flow Technology 13.6.2 Lead-Acid Battery 13.6.3 Nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) Used Technology 13.7 Conclusion References 14 Consideration Analysis of Stress Distribution Using Automotive Chassis for Heavy Vehicle Transports 14.1 Introduction 14.1.1 Layout of Chassis and Its Main Components 14.1.2 Materials 14.1.3 ALUMINUM 6060 14.1.4 TITANIUM-6AL-4V 14.2 Literature Review 14.3 Methodology 14.4 Results and Discussion 14.5 Conclusion References 15 A Review on Gas Sensor Technology and Its Applications 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Gas Sensors: Physical Significance 15.3 Criterion of Selection of an Efficient Gas Sensor 15.4 Performance Parameters for Gas Sensing 15.5 Classification of Methods Applicable for Gas Sensing 15.6 Approach to Improve Sensitivity and Selectivity 15.7 Conclusion References 16 CFD Study of Two-Dimensional Profile Geometry of an Airfoil 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Methodology 16.2.1 Airfoil 16.2.2 Details of the Airfoil Used in the Analysis 16.2.3 Boundary Layers 16.2.4 Bernoulli’s Equation 16.2.5 Euler’s Equations 16.2.6 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 16.3 ANSYS Modeling of Airfoil 16.3.1 Two-Dimensional Analysis 16.3.2 Geometry 16.3.3 Fluid Domain 16.3.4 Mesh 16.3.5 Boundary Conditions 16.4 CFD Study 16.5 Results and Discussion 16.6 Conclusions References 17 Tunable Filter at Second Transmission Window Containing 1D Ternary Superconductor/Dielectric Photonic Crystals 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Theoretical and Numerical Method 17.3 Result and Discussion 17.4 Conclusions References 18 A Numerical Method for a Problem Occurring in Conduction of Heat Through a Solid and Other Applications 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Conversion to Regular Problem and Cubic B-Spline Method 18.3 B-Spline with Free Parameter 18.4 Numerical Examples 18.5 Conclusion References 19 Emotional Intelligence: Assessing Its Impact on Financial Productivity in an Organization 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Objectives 19.3 Research Methodology 19.4 Emotional Intelligence 19.5 Financial Productivity and Work Efficiency 19.6 How Emotional Intelligence and Working Efficiency of an Organization Are Correlated with Each Other 19.7 Intrinsic Factors Affecting Financial Productivity on Using Emotional Intelligence 19.8 Non-intrinsic Factors and Overall Financial Productivity: A Correlation 19.9 Concluding the Viewpoint and Its Crucial Aspects References 20 Acquiring FG Homogeneous Composite Shell Structure Using Finite Element Analysis 20.1 Introduction 20.1.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Shell Structures 20.1.2 Applications 20.2 Functionally Graded Materials 20.3 Review of Shell Theories 20.4 Objective 20.4.1 Modeling and Analysis 20.5 Results and Discussions 20.6 Conclusion References 21 An Optimal Control Scheme for Thermal-Hydro System with Distributive Energy Sources 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Modelling of the Test System 21.3 Controller Design Using Evolutionary Techniques 21.3.1 PID Controller Using BBBC 21.3.2 PID Controller Using Harmony Search (HS) 21.4 Results and Discussion 21.4.1 Case 1: A Sudden Change in Input Power of WTGs and STPS Along with a Sudden Change of Load in the Thermal-Hydro Systems 21.4.2 Case 2: A Continuous (Variable) Change in Input Powers of WTGs and STPS Along with a Staircase Change of Load in the Thermal System 21.5 Conclusion References 22 Effect of Material Hardness and Operating Conditions on Wear Rate of Sliding Tribopair 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Materials and Experiments 22.3 Power Law and ANN Models 22.4 Results and Discussion 22.5 Conclusions References 23 Fluorescence Characteristics of Coumarin Derivatives with Divalent Metal Ions 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Experimental 23.3 Results and Discussion 23.4 Conclusion References 24 A Novel Method for Performance Enhancement of PV Module Using Graphene 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Material and Methods 24.2.1 Statistical Methods 24.3 Modelling and Simulation Results 24.4 Discussion of Current Density and Power for Different Materials 24.5 Conclusion References 25 Load Frequency Control in Deregulated-Hybrid Power System Integrated with Energy Generation/Storage System 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Hybrid Deregulated Power System 25.3 Controller Design Using Evolutionary Techniques 25.3.1 PID Controller Using BBBC 25.3.2 PID Controller Using Harmony Search (HS) 25.4 Results and Discussion 25.4.1 Case1: Two Area Power System 25.4.2 Case2: Three Area Power System 25.5 Conclusion References 26 Transfer Learning-Based Brain Tumor Detection Using MR Images 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Material and Models 26.2.1 Dataset 26.2.2 Data Pre-processing and Augmentation 26.2.3 Pre-trained CNNs Architectures 26.2.4 Proposed Methodology 26.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 26.4 Conclusion References 27 Recyclability of Tractor’s Engine Component: A Case Analysis of Failure 27.1 Introduction 27.1.1 TODIM 27.1.2 Steps of TODIM 27.1.3 A Case Application of TODIM on Engine Component from Company ‘X’ 27.1.4 Selected Attributes for TODIM Application 27.1.5 Part Cost 27.1.6 Oil Cost 27.1.7 Labor Cost 27.1.8 Working Hours 27.1.9 Material Group Index (MGI) 27.1.10 Types of Failures in Engines 27.1.11 Investigation of Data Obtained by Company X 27.2 Conclusion References 28 Feature Extraction of Face Recognition Techniques Utilizing Neural System as a Classifier 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Review of the Existing Methods 28.2.1 Geometric-Based Feature Extraction 28.2.2 Appearance-Based Feature Extraction 28.2.3 Template-Based Feature Extraction 28.2.4 Artificial Neural Networks for Face Recognition 28.3 Conclusions References 29 Investigating Strategies and Parameters to Predict Maintenance of an Elevator System 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Literature Review 29.3 Gap Analysis 29.4 Parameter Analysis 29.5 Methodology Used 29.5.1 Dataset and Attributes 29.5.2 Random Forest 29.6 Experimental Results 29.7 Conclusion References 30 Groundwater Recharge Using Artificial Filter Mechanism 30.1 Introduction 30.1.1 Sources of Water for Recharge 30.1.2 Artificial Recharge Techniques and Designs 30.1.3 Identification of Area for Recharge 30.1.4 Advantages of Artificial Groundwater Recharge 30.2 Methodology 30.2.1 Health Aspects 30.2.2 Design of Artificial Slow Sand Filter (SSF) 30.2.3 Components of Slow Sand Filter 30.2.4 Analysis 30.3 Results and Discussions 30.4 Conclusions References 31 A Computational Technique to Generate Coupler Curve Equation of 6-bar Mechanism 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Arrangement of Prescribed 6-bar Mechanism 31.3 Lagrange’s Polynomial Interpolation [11, 12] 31.4 Numerical Problem to Generate Coupler Curve Equation for Prescribed 6-bar Mechanism 31.4.1 Problem Statement 31.4.2 Observations 31.5 Methodology for Generation of Coupler Curve Equation 31.6 Results and Discussion 31.7 Conclusions References 32 Analysis on Manufacturing Automated Guided Vehicle for MSME Projects and Its Fabrication 32.1 Introduction 32.1.1 AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicles) 32.1.2 Vehicle 32.1.3 Oriental Way System 32.1.4 Traffic Control and Management System 32.2 Proposed Method 32.2.1 Manual Handling Technique 32.2.2 Manual Cart (Transporter) Technique 32.2.3 Conveyor Technique 32.3 Design and Analysis 32.4 Results and Discussion 32.5 Conclusion References 33 Design and Fabrication of Self-balanced Electric Two-Wheeler 33.1 Introduction 33.1.1 Gyroscopic Impact 33.2 Construction 33.3 Experimental Results 33.4 Results and Discussion 33.5 Applications 33.6 Conclusion References 34 Use of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Received Signal Strength for GSM Signals in Challenging Atmospheric Conditions 34.1 Introduction 34.2 Related Work 34.3 Materials and Methods 34.3.1 RSM Methodology 34.4 Result and Discussion 34.4.1 Impact of Input Parameter on Signal Strength for GSM Technology 34.5 RSM Optimization Response and Validation 34.6 Conclusions References 35 Structural Analysis and Completion of Fatigue Axial-Flow Compressor Using Finite Element ANSYS Technology 35.1 Introduction 35.2 Literature Review 35.3 Methodology 35.3.1 FEM 35.3.2 Static Analysis Steel Compressor 35.3.3 Fatigue Examination of AFC 35.4 Results 35.4.1 Static Analysis 35.4.2 Fatigue Analysis 35.5 Conclusion References 36 Deep Neural Network for Facial Emotion Recognition System 36.1 Introduction 36.2 Related Work 36.3 Methodology 36.4 Experimental Results and Discussion 36.5 Conclusions References 37 An Analytical Study of Partial Replacement of Cement and Quartz Sand by Feldspar 37.1 Introduction 37.2 Experimental Methodology 37.2.1 Materials 37.2.2 Fine Aggregate 37.2.3 Coarse Aggregate 37.2.4 Feldspar 37.3 Experimental Results 37.3.1 Compressive Test 37.4 Results and Discussion References 38 A Review of Pick and Place Operation Using Computer Vision and ROS 38.1 Introduction 38.2 Robotic Arm and Their Applications 38.2.1 Applications of Robotics Arm 38.3 Robot Operating System 38.4 Pick and Place Operation 38.5 Pick and Place Operation by Using Computer Vision 38.5.1 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Their Usage in Smart Pick and Place 38.5.2 Implementation in ROS 38.6 Future Work 38.7 Conclusions References 39 Efficient Activated Metal Inert Gas Welding Procedures by Various Fluxes for Welding Process 39.1 Introduction 39.2 Experimental Procedure 39.2.1 Base Metal and Its Composition 39.2.2 Preparation of Flux 39.3 Experimental Procedure 39.4 Stereo Zoom Microscope Analysis 39.5 Results 39.5.1 Effect of Weld Bead with and Without Flux of Weld Bead 39.5.2 Effect of Aspect Ratio with and Without Fluxes 39.6 Conclusions References 40 Computational Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics of TiO and CuO2 Mixed with Water for Heat Exchanger Applications 40.1 Introduction 40.2 Materials and Method 40.2.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Fluids Used in the Present Work 40.2.2 Governing Equation and Boundary Conditions 40.3 Results and Discussion 40.3.1 Validation 40.3.2 Heat Flow Analysis 40.3.3 Skin Friction Analysis 40.4 Conclusions References 41 Investigation on Automobile Fire and Its Root Causes 41.1 Introduction 41.2 General Causes of Fire in Automobiles 41.2.1 Overheating Engine 41.2.2 Battery Failure 41.2.3 Leakage in Fuel Line 41.2.4 Short Circuit and Wire Damaged by Rats 41.2.5 Catalytic Convertor 41.2.6 Ignition System Fault 41.2.7 Smoking (Cigarette) 41.2.8 Jammed AC Compressor and Choking Radiator 41.2.9 Leakage in Fluid Line 41.2.10 CNG/LPG Fitting by Un-professional Mechanics 41.2.11 Collision of Car with Other Solid Rigid Body 41.2.12 Sensors Not Working Properly 41.2.13 Repair/Installation of Add on Equipment by Local Mechanics 41.2.14 Temperature Rise in Cabin Area/Bonnet 41.3 Automobile Accident Due to Fire 41.4 Conclusions and Recommendations References 42 Examination and Analysis of Thermal Steam Boiler Using Power Plants 42.1 Introduction 42.2 Types of Boilers 42.2.1 Key Segments of Boilers 42.2.2 General Majority of the Data 42.3 Problematic Explanation 42.4 Modeling and Analysis 42.4.1 CFD Analysis of Heater Exchanger Coil Boiler 42.4.2 Thermal Analysis of Steam Boiler Heat Exchanger 42.4.3 Introduced Model 42.5 Results and Analysis 42.6 Conclusion References 43 Study on the Development and Problems Faced in Electric Vehicles 43.1 Introduction 43.2 The Key Components in EV 43.3 Growth in EV 43.4 Major Setbacks and Their Causes 43.4.1 Charging Time 43.4.2 Driving Range 43.4.3 Charging Infrastructure 43.4.4 High Upfront Cost 43.4.5 Limited Vehicle Choices 43.5 Latest Technology Breakthroughs Solving the Problems of EV 43.5.1 Charging and Range 43.5.2 Charging Infrastructure 43.6 Future of EV in India 43.7 Conclusion References 44 Enhancing Heat Transfer Rate by Optimization of Commercial Refrigeration Condenser and Its Design Metrics 44.1 Introduction 44.2 Experimental Setup of Condenser Optimization 44.2.1 Air-Cooled Condenser Selection 44.2.2 CAD Modeling 44.2.3 ANALYSIS-Structural Analysis 44.3 Results and Discussion 44.4 Conclusion References 45 FPGA Implementation of Low Power Pre-processor Design for Biomedical Signal Processing Application 45.1 Introduction 45.2 Pre-processor Design 45.3 FPGA Implementation of Pre-processor Design for Biomedical Signals 45.3.1 Window-Based Techniques 45.3.2 Wavelet-Based Techniques 45.4 Conclusion and Future Scope References 46 Design and Implementation of Smart Energy Meter with Real-Time Pricing 46.1 Introduction 46.2 Limitations of the Traditional Electricity Meter 46.3 Practical Utility 46.4 Proposed System 46.4.1 Actual Plan of Work 46.4.2 Specification 46.4.3 Implementation Layers of Smart Metering Framework 46.4.4 Description of the Working Model 46.4.5 Glimpse of the Working Model 46.5 Conclusion References 47 Optimization of Glass, Carbon and Graphite Fiber Mono Composite Leaf Spring Using Genetic Algorithm 47.1 Introduction 47.2 Problem Formulation 47.2.1 Objective Function 47.2.2 Design Variables 47.2.3 Design Parameters 47.2.4 Design Constraints 47.2.5 Fitness Function 47.3 Parameters of Genetic Algorithm 47.3.1 Numbers of Parameters 47.3.2 Population Size 47.3.3 Maximum Generations 47.3.4 Cross-Over Probability 47.3.5 Mutation Probability 47.4 Result and Discussion 47.5 Conclusion References 48 Prospects of bioCNG in Modified Diesel Engine 48.1 Introduction 48.2 Flammable Gas (BioCNG) as an Essential Fuel Utilized in Diesel Engine 48.3 Literature Review of Dual Fuel Engine Characteristics 48.4 Summary [1–37] 48.5 Conclusions References Author Index