Road and Airfield Pavement Technology: Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Road and Airfield Pavement Technology, 2021

Description

This volume gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of pavement technology, presented at the 12th International Conference in Road and Airfield Pavement Technology (ICPT), hosted by the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, and held on July 14-16, 2021. It covers topics such as pavement design, evaluation and construction, pavement materials characterization, sustainability in pavement engineering, pavement maintenance and rehabilitation techniques, pavement management systems and financing, transportation safety, law and enforcement related to pavement engineering, pavement drainage and erosion control, GIS applications, quarry material assessment, pavement instrumentation, IT and AI applications in pavement. Featuring peer-reviewed contributions by leading international researchers and engineers, the book is a timely and highly relevant resource for materials scientists and engineers interested in pavement engineering. Reviewers for the 12th ICPT 12th ICPT Conference Organizing Committee Contents Pavement Construction, Performance Evaluation and Management A Framework for Selecting Safety Treatments for Rural Roads 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Evaluation of Safety Performance 3.2 Formulation of the Linear Programming Model 4 Illustrative Example 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Skidding Potential and Safe Vehicle Speeds on Wet Horizontal Pavement Curves 1 Introduction 2 Past Studies on Skidding Potential and Safe Vehicle Speeds on Wet Pavement 3 Development of Finite Element Simulation Model 3.1 Simulation Approach and Technique 3.2 Validation of Simulation Model 4 Skidding Potential Analysis and Determination of Maximum Safe Vehicle Speed 5 Example: Calculating Maximum Safe Vehicle Speed on Horizontal Curves 6 Conclusion References Asphalt Pavement Texture Level and Distribution Uniformity Evaluation Using Three-Dimensional Method 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Acquisition of Pavement Texture Data 2.2 Pretreatment of Pavement Texture 2.3 Three-Dimensional Evaluation Method for Pavement Texture Level 2.4 Three-Dimensional Evaluation Index for DUPT 2.5 Effectiveness Analysis of 3D Evaluation Indices for Pavement Texture 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effectiveness Analysis Results of 3D Evaluation Method for Pavement Texture Level 3.2 Effectiveness Analysis of 3D Evaluation Indices for DUPT 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Operating Speeds of Rehabilitated Rural Roads with Asphalt Surfacing 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Speed and Horizontal Curves 3 Selection of Rural Roads for the Study 4 Methodology 4.1 Segmentation of Road Sections 4.2 Data Collection and Analysis 4.3 Calculation of Available Design Speeds of Curved Sections 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Speed Data Analysis at Curved Section 5.2 Speeds in Straight Sections and Curved Sections 6 Limitations and Conclusion 6.1 Limitations 6.2 Conclusion References Assessment of Present Pavement Condition Using Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 1.1 Pavement Condition Index 2 Scope 3 Database Collection and Processing 4 Material and Methods 4.1 Logistic Regression 4.2 Naïve Bayes Classifier 4.3 K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier 4.4 Performance Evaluation of Classifier 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Automatic Pavement Crack Rating for Network-Level Pavement Management System 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Crack Rating Systems 1.3 Motivation 2 Approach and Methodology 2.1 Automated Pavement Condition Survey 2.2 Classification of Crack Types 2.3 Definition of Wheelpath 3 Rating Procedure 3.1 Sample Unit 3.2 Rating Process 3.3 Level 2 Crack Rating 3.4 Level 1 Crack Rating 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Challenges for the Compaction and Proving of Granular Fills and Layers in Airport Pavements 1 Introduction 2 Granular Fills and Pavement Layers 3 Proof Roller Capacity 4 Aircraft Developments 5 Quantifying the Challenge 5.1 Sand Fill Compaction 5.2 Base Course Proving 6 Potential Solutions 6.1 Sand Fill Compaction 6.2 Base Course Proving 7 Conclusion References Development of Statistical Deterioration Model for Low Volume Roads in Indian Scenario 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Objectives of the Study 4 Data Collection 4.1 Test Stretches for Field Study 4.2 Structural Condition Evaluation 4.3 Benkelman Beam Rebound Deflection Studies 4.4 Functional Condition Evaluation 5 Analysis of Data 5.1 Variation of Individual Distresses for Different Cycles 5.2 Effect of Various Distresses on IRI for Ganjalaghatta Road Section 5.3 Multiple Linear Regression Model for IRI 6 Discussions and Conclusions 6.1 Discussions 6.2 Conclusions References Evaluation of the Structural Condition of Composite Pavement 1 Introduction 2 Structural Condition of Road Pavement 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Existing Pavement Structure Overview 3.2 Traffic Load Analysis 3.3 Calculation of Asphalt Concrete and Slab Modulus Using Backcalculation Procedure 3.4 Calculation of Overlay Thickness (DOL) 4 Conclusions References Experimental Study on MOC Cement Based Micro Concrete for Repairing of Wide Cracks in Concrete Pavement Slabs 1 Introduction 2 Scope of Study 3 Materials and Method 3.1 MOC Based Micro Concrete 3.2 Substrate Concrete 3.3 Crack Repair by Micro Concrete Filling 3.4 Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes 3.5 Flexure Strength of Concrete Beams 4 Interpretation of Results 5 Observations and Conclusions References Feasibility Study on Pavement Rutting Evaluation Method Based on Smartphone 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Driving Experiment 3.1 Experimental Equipment 3.2 Experimental Roads 3.3 Experimental Scheme 4 Analysis of Vibration Characteristics Under Different Working Conditions 4.1 Data Preprocessing 4.2 Analysis of Vibration Characteristics Under Different Working Conditions 5 Analysis and Extraction of Vibration Characteristic Index 6 Rutting Evaluation Model 6.1 Construction of Convolutional Neural Network Model 6.2 Results and Analysis 6.3 Application 7 Conclusions and Future Work References Feasible Treatment Selection for Routine Maintenance of Flexible Pavement Sing Fuzzy Logic Expert System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Pavement Condition Index (PCI) 2.2 Traffic Volume 2.3 Precipitation 2.4 Temperature 2.5 Pavement Age 2.6 Budget 2.7 Pavement Treatment Process 3 Data Collection 4 Model Formulation 4.1 Generation of Membership Functions 4.2 Membership Function 4.3 Formulation of Fuzzy Rule 4.4 Defuzzification 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Validation of FLES Model 6 Conclusions References Functional Condition Evaluation of Airfield Pavements Using Automated Road Survey System—A Case Study of a Small Sized Airport 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Airfield Pavement Network Definition 2.2 Airfield Pavement Distress Condition Evaluation 2.3 Preparation of Distress Dataset 3 Result 3.1 Pavement Condition Index (PCI) 3.2 Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Potential Index 4 Conclusion and Discussions Referenes Ice-Breaking and Skid Resistance Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement Groove-Filled with Elastomer 1 Introduction 2 Mechanism and Experiment Procedure 2.1 Ice Breaking Mechanism of the Asphalt Pavement Groove-Filled with Elastomer 2.2 Preparation Process of Groove-Filled Asphalt Pavement Specimens 2.3 Evaluation of the Ice-Breaking Performance of Groove-Filled the Elastomer Asphalt Pavement 2.4 Evaluation of Skid Resistance of Groove-Filled the Elastomer Asphalt Pavement 3 Results and discussion 3.1 Ice Breaking Performance 3.2 Skid Resistance Performance 4 Conclusions References Improved Calibration Procedure for British Pendulum Tester 1 Introduction 2 Objectives and Method of Study 2.1 Research Objectives 2.2 Research Method 3 Analysis of Impact of Improved Calibration Parameters 3.1 Center of Gravity of Pendulum Arm 3.2 Slider Force-Deflection Requirements 4 Conclusion References Runway Grooving Techniques and Exploratory Study of the Deterioration Model 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives 3 Runway Friction, Grooving Techniques, and Distresses 3.1 Runway Friction Deterioration and Resurgence 3.2 Runway Grooving Techniques and Requirements 3.3 Runway Groove Distress and Failure Mechanism 4 Pavement Performance Prediction Models 4.1 Deterministic Models 4.2 Probabilistic Models 4.3 System Dynamic Study 4.4 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 4.5 Genetic Programming (GP) 5 Predictive Modelling by Genetic Programming (GP) 5.1 Modeling Procedure 5.2 Importance of the Input Variables 5.3 Data Collection, Input Variable, and Model Configuration 6 Results and Discussions 7 Conclusions References Side Friction as a Cause of Poor Pavement Maintenance in India—A Study Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Details of Study Area 2.2 LIDAR Data Collection 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Solar Energy Harvesting and Pavement Sensing 1 Introduction and Background 1.1 Project Motivation 1.2 Objectives and Tasks 2 Energy Harvesting and Advanced Technologies for Road Assessment 2.1 Methodology 2.2 Apparatus to Harvest Solar Energy 2.3 Apparatus to Use Solar Energy—Strain Sensing as an Example 2.4 Procedure to Build Solar Harvester 2.5 Procedure to Install Solar Harvester and Sensor in the Field 2.6 Verification Before Field Installation 2.7 Installation 2.8 Strain Measurement 2.9 Summary and Future Works 3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Solar Energy Harvesting Processes 3.1 Example of Heat Flow Condition During Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting 3.2 Example of Heat Flow Dynamics During Energy Harvesting 3.3 Summary from Modeling 4 Conclusions and Recommendations References Texture and Skid Resistance of Asphalt Concrete Surface Course Incorporating Geopolymer Artificial Aggregates 1 Introduction 2 Material 2.1 Component Materials 2.2 Target ACSC Mixtures 3 Methodology 3.1 Sample Manufacturing 3.2 Macrotexture and Skid Resistance Measurements of Samples 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Pavement Design and Geotechnics Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Semi-circle Bending Fatigue Crack Propagation of Asphalt Mixture 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Specimen Preparing 2.1 Material 2.2 Specimen Preparing and Test Device 3 Fracture Toughness Test 4 Fatigue Test 4.1 Test Method 4.2 Analysis of Crack Propagation Process 5 Comparison Between Numerical and Experimental Results 5.1 The Basic Principle of Extended Finite Element Method 5.2 Parameters of Numerical Model and Analysis Results 5.3 Analysis of the Fatigue Crack Propagation Process 6 Conclusions References Applications of Molecular Dynamics in Asphalt Pavement Mixture Studies 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Concept of MD 2.2 Asphalt Molecular Model 2.3 Applications of MD in Asphalt Mixtures 3 Case Studies 3.1 Effect of Aggregate Mineral Surface Anisotropy on Bonding Strength at Asphalt-Aggregate Interface [62] 3.2 Effects of Aggregate Mineral Surface Anisotropy and Moisture on Bonding Strength at Asphalt-Aggregate Interface [63] 4 Limitations and Further Study 5 Conclusion References Assessment of Laboratory and Field Compaction of Dense Graded Aggregate Bases (DGAB) 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives 3 Experimental Study 3.1 Survey Results 3.2 Laboratory Experiments 3.3 Field Experiments—Compaction Tests 3.4 Field Experiments—Gradation Change of DGAB Under High Moisture Content 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Field Experiments 5 Conclusion References Areca Fiber Reinforced Alkali-Activated Black Cotton Soil Using Class F Fly Ash and Limestone Powder for Pavements 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Experimental Program 2.1 Black Cotton Soil 2.2 Fly Ash 2.3 Limestone Powder 2.4 Areca Fiber 2.5 Alkali Solution 2.6 Sample Preparation and Curing 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Compaction 3.2 Unconfined Compressive Strength 3.3 Flexural Strength 3.4 California Bearing Ratio 3.5 Fatigue 3.6 Durability 3.7 SEM and XRD Analysis 4 Concluding Remarks References Clogging Resistance of High Strength Pervious Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Pervious Concrete Material and Concrete Mix 2.2 Clogging Treatment 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mechanical Properties of Pervious Concrete 3.2 Clogging Simulation Test on High-Strength Pervious Concrete 3.3 Modeling of Clogging Performance and Clogging Prediction 4 Summary References Comparison of Flexible Airfield Pavement Designs Using FAARFIELD v1.42 and APSDS 5.0 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Subgrade Performance Models 3.1 Apsds 5.0 3.2 FAARFIELD v1.42 4 Previous Study 5 Current Study 5.1 Aircraft Traffic Spectrum 5.2 Methodology 6 Results and Discussions 7 Conclusions References Development of Design Guidelines for Composite-Geogrid Reinforced Unpaved Pavements 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials 2.2 Pavement Model Testing 2.3 Development of Design Guidelines 3 Discussion 4 Summary References Development of Performance Grade Specification for Polymer Modified Bitumen in SEA Region 1 Background 2 Superpave PG Specification in North America 2.1 Development of Superpave Specification in US 2.2 Superpave Binder PG Grade Selection 2.3 Test Methods in PG Specification 2.4 Behind Superpave Specification 2.5 Challenges of Superpave PG Specification. 3 Superpave PG Specification in SEA Region 3.1 Climatic Conditions in SEA Region 3.2 Typical Asphalt Pavement Distress 3.3 Principles to Develop PG Specification in SEA Region 3.4 Recommended Superpave PG Grade Binders in SEA 3.5 Application of Superpave PG Grade Binders in SEA 4 Conclusion and Future Direction for PG Specification in SEA Region References Factors Affecting the High Early Strength Development and the Methods for Testing High Early Compressive Strength of the Rigid Pavement 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methods 2.1 Material Properties and Preparation 2.2 Curing Method 2.3 Compressive Strength Testing Method 2.4 Testing Specimen 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Strength-Maturity Relationship 3.2 Thermal Curing Methods and Prediction of Strength-Maturity Relationship 3.3 Estimating In-Place Strength 4 Conclusion References Influence of Coarse Aggregate Size and Type on the Design Thickness of Rigid Pavements for Indian Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Investigation 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Design of PQC 3 Analysis of Experimental Results 3.1 Fresh Concrete Properties (Slump) 3.2 Hardened Properties of Concrete 4 Design of Concrete Pavement Using EverFE 2.24 for Concrete Prepared Using Different CA for Indian Conditions 5 Summary and Conclusions References Investigating Impact of Boundary Layer in Pervious Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Quality Control 2.2 Data Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Laboratory Characterization of Cement-Treated Rock Rubble as Airfield Pavement Base Layer 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Material Properties 2.2 Optimal Grout Mix Proportion 2.3 Specimen Preparation 2.4 Testing Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Unconfined Compressive Strength 3.2 Modulus of Elasticity 3.3 Splitting Tensile Strength 4 Conclusion References Laboratory Investigations on Lateritic Soil Stabilized with RBI Grade 81, Coconut Fiber and Aggregates 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Experimental Methodology 4 Discussions of Test Results 4.1 Chemical Analysis 4.2 Compaction 4.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength 4.4 California Bearing Ratio 4.5 Fatigue 4.6 Durability 5 Conclusions References Monotonic Loading Test to Investigate the Benefits of Composite Geogrids for Subgrade Improvement 1 Introduction 2 Material Properties 2.1 Subgrade Soil 2.2 Granular Material 2.3 Reinforced Material 3 Large Scale Model Test 3.1 Material Preparation 3.2 Preparation of Model Sections 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Effect of Composite Geogrid Layer 4.2 Vertical Stress at Base-Subgrade Interface 5 Conclusion References Numerical Simulation of Differential Settlement Resistance for Reinforced Joint Between New and Existing Pavement with RoadMesh Steel Wire Mesh 1 Introduction 2 Design of Widening Pavement Structure 3 Numerical Modeling of Widening Pavement Structure 3.1 Modeling of Three-Dimensional Finite Element 3.2 Taking Values of Calculation Parameters 4 Analysis of Numerical Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Optimising Pervious Concrete Design with Partial Replacement of Cement with Fly Ash 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Material and Selection 2.2 Concrete Casting 2.3 Quality Control 3 Conclusions References Performance of OGFC Using West Kalimantan Aggregates and Polymer Modified Bitumen 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Material Properties 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Performance Study of Pervious Concrete as a Road Pavement Infrastructure System 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Literature Review 4 Materials 4.1 Cement 4.2 Coarse Aggregate 4.3 Fine Aggregate 4.4 Water 5 Methodology 5.1 Concrete Mix 5.2 Compressive Strength Test 5.3 Flexural Strength Test 5.4 Split Tensile Strength Test 5.5 Angularity Number 5.6 Permeability 6 Result and Discussion 6.1 Total Void Content 6.2 Strength Characteristics 6.3 Permeability 6.4 Optimum Mix 7 Conclusion References Performance-Based Design for Binary-Blended Filler Application in Dense-Graded Cold Mix Asphalt 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Test Methods 2.1 Emulsified Asphalts 2.2 Palm Oil Fuel Ash 2.3 Aggregate 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Specimen Preparation 3.2 Mix Design 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Results of Optimum Emulsion Content for Various Mixtures 4.2 Indirect Tensile Strength Result 4.3 Moisture Damage 5 Conclusion References Predicting California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Value of a Selected Subgrade Material 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Testing 2.1 Subgrade Soil 2.2 Standard CBR Testing 3 Statistical Analysis 3.1 Simple Linear Regression Models 3.2 Multiple Linear Regression Model 4 Validation 5 Conclusion References Selection of Image Processing Algorithms for Evaluation of Pervious Pavement Pore Network Properties 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Experiments 3 Evaluation of Pore Network Properties 3.1 Ungrouping Algorithm 3.2 Watershed Segmentation Algorithm 3.3 Object Oriented Bounding Box Algorithm 3.4 Centreline Algorithm 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Effect of Image Processing Algorithms on Pore Network Characteristics 4.2 Effect of Mixture Parameters on Pore Network Characteristics 5 Conclusions References Pavement Material Characterization and Modelling A Comparative Investigation on the Effectiveness of a Wax and a Resin Based Curing Compound as an Alternate of Water Curing for Concrete Pavement Slab 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Mix Proportions 2.2 Sample Preparation 2.3 Method of Spraying Curing Compound 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Compressive Strength 3.2 Flexural Strength 4 Conclusions/Recommendations References An Assessment of the Polishing Behaviour of Road Surfacing Aggregates in Sri Lanka 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives 3 Experimental Study 3.1 Specimen Preparation 3.2 Polish Stone Value Test 3.3 Physical Properties 3.4 Petrographic Analysis and Microscopic Investigation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Applicability of Gneiss Based Mineral Aggregates for the Use in High Friction Surface Treatment in Terms of Polishing Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 High Friction Surface Treatment 2.2 Polishing Characteristics of Aggregates 2.3 Commonly Used Aggregates for HFST 2.4 Experience of HFST in the United States 2.5 Status of PFM in the Context of Sri Lanka 2.6 Natural Coarse Aggregates in Sri Lanka 3 Methodology 3.1 Material Acquisition 4 Laboratory Testing 4.1 Physical Properties 4.2 Mechanical Properties 4.3 Polishing Characteristics 4.4 Textural Characteristics 5 Results and Analysis 6 Conclusion 7 Recommendations References Chemical Properties of Modified Bitumen Incorporating Coconut Char 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Materials and Method 3.1 Bitumen 3.2 Production of CSC and Mixing Procedure 3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Test (FTIR) 3.4 Elemental Analyzer (EA) Test 3.5 Laser Particle Size Analyzer (LPSA) Test 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) 4.2 Elemental Analyzer (EA) 4.3 Laser Particle Size Analyzer (LPSA) 5 Conclusions References Comparative Assessment of CMSDBC and HMSDBC Competency 1 Introduction 2 Research Objectives 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Bitumen/Bitumen Emulsion 3.2 Aggregate 3.3 Filler 3.4 Aggregate Gradation 3.5 Design Procedure of CMA 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Determination of Optimum Compositions of HMSDBC and CMSDBC 4.2 Marshall Properties 4.3 Tensile Strength Properties 4.4 Moisture Susceptibility 4.5 Rutting Properties 5 Conclusions References Effect of Hot Storage on Engineering Properties of Polymer Modified Binders and Asphalt Mixtures 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Design 2.1 Materials and PMB Sample Preparation 2.2 Hot Storage Treatments 2.3 Bitumen Testing 2.4 Asphalt Mixture Testing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Storage Stability Results 3.2 Morphology of Binders 3.3 Toughness Results 3.4 Elastic Recovery Results 3.5 Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) Results 3.6 Wheel Tracking Test Results 3.7 Semi-circular Bend (SCB) Test Results 4 Conclusions and Recommendations References Effect of Segregation Tendency of Aggregates on Macroscopic Properties of Asphalt Mixture Based on Composite Geometric Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Mixture Design 2.1 Materials 2.2 Gradation Design 3 Testing Methods 3.1 AIMS Test 3.2 Superpave Gyratory Compactor Test 3.3 Immersion Hamburg Wheel-Tracking Test 3.4 Indirect Tensile Test 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 The Relationship Between the Parameters of Composite Geometric Characteristic and the Compaction Properties 4.2 The Relationship Between the Parameters of Composite Geometric Characteristic and High-Temperature Creep Properties 4.3 The Relationship Between the Parameters of Composite Geometric Characteristic and Water Stability 4.4 The Relationship Between the Parameters of Composite Geometric Characteristic and Low-Temperature Crack Resistance 4.5 The Division Method of Asphalt Mixture Aggregate Segregation Tendency 5 Conclusion References Effects of Moisture Damage Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Treated Plastic as Additive 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Work 2.1 Materials 2.2 Sample Preparations 2.3 Marshall Stability and Flow Test 2.4 Moisture Damage on Compacted Mixtures 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Marshall Stability and Flow Test 3.2 Moisture Damage on Compacted Mixtures 4 Conclusions References Efficient Numerical Methodology for the Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Asphalt Mixtures 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Framework of Hybrid GA-FE Methodology 4 Determination of Asphalt Mixture Thermal Conductivity  k 4.1 Random Assignment of Element Properties 4.2 Finite Element Thermal Analysis 5 Genetic Algorithm Formulation in Model Calibration 5.1 Genetic Representation of the Variables 5.2 Generation of Initial Population 5.3 Fitness Function 5.4 Genetic Operations 5.5 Parameters of GA 6 Results and Analysis 7 Conclusion References Influence of Surface Treated Montmorillonite Nano Clay on Oxidative Aging Properties of Bitumen 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Aging Behavior of Bitumen Binder Using Aging Indices 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Increase in SP (ISP) 4.2 Ductility Retention Rate (DRR) 4.3 Activation Energy Aging Index (EAI) 4.4 Rutting Parameter Aging Index 4.5 Non-recoverable Creep Compliance Aging Index 4.6 Fatigue Parameter Aging Index 4.7 Carbonyl Index 5 Conclusions References Physical and Rheological Properties of Cup Lump Rubber Modified Bitumen 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Works 2.1 Materials 2.2 Preparation of the Modified Bitumen 2.3 Conventional Physical Binder Tests 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Penetration and Softening 3.2 Temperature Susceptibility 3.3 Rotational Viscosity 3.4 Rheological Properties of CLR Modified Bitumen. 4 Conclusion References Rheological Properties of Modified Binder Incorporating Coconut Char 1 Introduction 1.1 Coconut Char 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Bitumen 2.2 Production of CSC and CSAC 2.3 Storage Stability Test 2.4 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) 2.5 Rotational Viscometer (RV) 2.6 Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) 2.7 Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Storage Stability 3.2 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) 3.3 Rotational Viscometer (RV) 3.4 Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO) 3.5 Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) 4 Conclusions References Sustainable Pavement Materials A Brief Review: Application of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate as a Modifier for Asphalt Binder 1 Introduction 2 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 3 PET Waste for Asphalt Binder Modification 3.1 Physical Properties of PET-Modified Asphalt Binder 3.2 Rheological Properties of PET-Modified Asphalt Binder 3.3 Morphological and Chemical Analysis of PET Modified Asphalt Binder 4 Conclusion References A Review on Utilization of C & D Waste for Road and Pavement Construction in the International Context and Applicability of the Findings to Sri Lanka 1 Introduction 2 Aim 3 Objectives 4 Methodology 5 Findings in International Context 5.1 Different Types of Materials 5.2 Methods of Applications of the Materials 6 Policy Support in the International Context 6.1 Rationale for Policies 6.2 Alterations of Policies 7 Applicability of the Findings to Sri Lanka 8 Conclusions References Carbon Footprint Assessment of Steel Slag Asphalt Pavement in Singapore 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 System Boundaries 3.2 Functional Unit 3.3 Allocation 3.4 Data Collection 4 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 4.1 Steel Slag Aggregate 4.2 Granite Aggregate 5 Impact Assessment 5.1 Steel Slag Aggregate 5.2 Granite Aggregate 6 Results and Discussions 7 Steel Slag Aggregates Application in Singapore 8 Limitations 9 Conclusions References Effects of Recycled Plastics on the Performance of Polymer Modified Bitumen (PMB) 1 Introduction 1.1 Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) 1.2 Recycled Plastics 2 Methodology/Materials and Testing Programs 2.1 Materials Used and Samples Preparation 2.2 Testing Programs 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Dynamic Viscosity 3.2 Penetration 3.3 Softening Point 3.4 Elastic Recovery 3.5 Dynamic Shear Rheometer 3.6 Multiple-Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) 3.7 Storage Stability 4 Conclusions and Recommendations References Evaluation of Rutting Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures with Tire Pyrolytic Char 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of Binder Rutting Parameters 2 Materials and Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Binder Rutting Parameters 3.2 Mixture Rut Depth from HWTD Tests 3.3 Rutting Resistance Improvement (RRI) with TPC Modified Binders 3.4 Correlation Between Binder and Mixture Rutting Parameters 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Rhode Island 1 Introduction 2 Objective of the Study 3 Materials and Specimen Preparation 3.1 Asphalt Binder 3.2 WMA Additive 3.3 Mineral Aggregates 4 Laboratory Testing Methods 4.1 Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) Test 4.2 Rolling Thin-Film Oven (RTFO) Test 4.3 Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test 4.4 Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) Test 4.5 Indirect Tensile Test 4.6 Dynamic Modulus 4.7 Master Curves 5 Testing Results and Analysis 5.1 Rutting Resistance 5.2 Fatigue Resistance 5.3 Resistance Against Low Temperature Cracking 5.4 Preparation of Asphalt Mixtures 5.5 Density and Voids Calculations 5.6 OBC Selection 5.7 Indirect Tensile Test Results 5.8 Dynamic Modulus Test Results 6 Conclusions and Recommendations References Feasibility of Usage of Waste Plastic as a Bitumen Modifier: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Bitumen Modification 2.1 Elastomer Bitumen Modifiers 2.2 Crumb Rubber Bitumen Modifiers 2.3 Plastomer Bitumen Modifiers 3 Use of Plastics as Bitumen Modifiers 3.1 Polyethylene 3.2 Polypropylene 3.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 3.4 Polyester Fiber Modified Bitumen 4 Bitumen Modification by Waste Plastics and Crumb Rubber 5 Conclusion References Influence of Using Waste Materials as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Paver Blocks 1 Introduction 2 Review of Earlier Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Material Testing 3.2 Mix Design 3.3 Casting of Paver Blocks 4 Results 4.1 Cement 4.2 Fine Aggregate 4.3 Coarse Aggregate 4.4 Coconut Shell 4.5 Rubber 4.6 Water Absorption 4.7 Compressive Strength 4.8 Cost Comparison 5 Conclusion 6 Scope for Future Work References Rutting and Cracking Performance of Asphalt Concrete Incorporating Plastic Waste and Crumb Rubber 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Experimental Design 3.1 Tests 4 Results 4.1 Resilient Modulus 4.2 Indirect Tensile Strength 4.3 Cracking Resistance (IDEAL-CT Index) 4.4 Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test 5 Conclusions References The Volumetric Challenge of Crumbed Rubber Modified Asphalt Mixtures 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Local Road Asphalt Mixtures 2.2 Marshall Mixture Design 2.3 Crumbed Rubber Modified Binder 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Materials 3.2 Methods 4 Results 5 Discussion 5.1 Partial Dissolution of Crumb Rubber 5.2 Effect of Crumb Rubber on Volumetric Properties 5.3 Effect of Crumb Rubber on Marshall Stability and Flow 5.4 Effect of Dissolution on Volumetric Properties 5.5 Isolating the Crumb Rubber Effect 6 Conclusion References Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil as a Sustainable Product to Improve the Physical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder: A Review 1 Introduction 2 WCO Physical and Chemical Properties 3 Basic Properties Tests of WCO Modified Asphalt Binder 4 Rheological Testing of WCO Modified Binder 4.1 Effect of WCO on the Viscosity and Mixing and Compaction Temperature 4.2 Rutting and Fatigue Resistance 4.3 Thermal Cracking Resistance 5 Conclusions References Waste Clay Brick Binders for Rigid Pavement Subbase and Base Concretes 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Raw Materials 2.2 Preparation of Geopolymer Binders 2.3 Preparation of GPC 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Geopolymer Binders 3.2 Geopolymer Concrete 4 Conclusion References