Essential Geriatrics

Description

Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Foreword About the Author Introduction Part A Healthcare for older people Chapter 1 Ageing Biogerontology Theories of ageing Epidemiology of ageing Physiological changes caused by ageing Frailty Illness presentations in frail older people References Chapter 2 Care Comprehensive geriatric assessment High-quality care for older people Rehabilitation Swallowing Rehabilitation equipment Home adaptations Discharge Community support Health promotion Ageism Abuse of older people Further reading References Chapter 3 Medications Why do people take medications? Evidence-based medicine Basic statistics Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Potentially inappropriate medicines Medication-related harm Polypharmacy Medication adherence Medication optimisation and deprescribing References Chapter 4 Peri-operative medicine Surgery for older people Abdominal pain Head injury References Chapter 5 Palliative care A ‘good’ death Common symptoms Advance care planning References Questions for part A Part B Brain Chapter 6 Dementia Definition Epidemiology Cognition Assessment Differential diagnosis of dementia Distinguishing dementia subtypes Specific conditions causing dementia Preventing and reducing the progression of dementia Non-pharmacological management Pharmacological management Legal issues Late phase References Chapter 7 Delirium Clinical features Epidemiology Pathophysiology Risk factors Causes Assessment Prevention Multicomponent interventions Management Outcome Rare causes of delirium References Chapter 8 Depression Epidemiology Subtypes of depression Assessment Treatment Depression and dementia Anxiety References Chapter 9 Movement disorders Assessment Parkinsonism Parkinson’s disease Treatment of Parkinson’s disease Dementia with Lewy bodies Progressive supranuclear palsy Multiple system atrophy Corticobasal degeneration Drug-induced movement disorders Vascular parkinsonism Essential tremor Restless legs syndrome References Chapter 10 Stroke Definitions Epidemiology Subtypes of stroke Assessment Subtypes of stroke Localisation of the event Ischaemic strokes and TIAs Acute treatment of ischaemic stroke Secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke and TIA Prognosis of ischaemic stroke Intracerebral haemorrhage Subarachnoid haemorrhage Subacute treatment of stroke Less common causes of stroke Differential diagnoses of stroke References Questions for part B Part C Bladder and bowel Chapter 11 Urinary tract disorders Urinary tract infection Treatment Urinary incontinence Nocturia Prostate disorders References Chapter 12 Bowel disorders Constipation Diarrhoea Faecal incontinence References Questions for part C Part D Falls and related topics Chapter 13 Dizziness Vertigo Lightheadedness References Chapter 14 Falls Background Assessment Examination Investigations Treatment Preventing falls in hospitals References Chapter 15 Syncope Assessment Causes of syncope Treatment of OH, VDCSS and VVS Cardiac syncope References Chapter 16 Bones and fractures Bone physiology Osteomalacia Osteoporosis Assessment Treatment Treatment strategy Fragility fractures References Questions for part D Part E Cardiovascular and respiratory Chapter 17 Heart failure Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction Assessment Management Loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors Angiotensin type II receptor blockers Beta-blockers Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists Sacubitril/valsartan Ivabradine Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors Digoxin Hydralazine and nitrates References Chapter 18 Hypertension Introduction Assessment Treatment References Chapter 19 Atrial fibrillation Prevention of thromboembolic complications Rhythm control Rate control References Chapter 20 Acute coronary syndromes Presentation Investigations Prognosis References Chapter 21 Chest Pneumonia Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Influenza COVID-19 Pulmonary embolism References Questions for part E Part F Selected topics Chapter 22 Selected topics Anaemia Arthritis Cancer Epilepsy Hypothermia Leg ulcers Motor neuron disease Myopathy Pressure ulcers Type 2 diabetes References Questions for part F Appendix A: Rrating scales Appendix B: Abbreviations Appendix C: Answers to questions Index