History of Criminal Justice
Book information
Description
Covering criminal justice history on a cross-national basis, this book surveys criminal justice in Western civilization and American life chronologically from ancient times to the present. It is an introduction to the historical problems of crime, law enforcement and penology, set against the background of major historical events and movements. Integrating criminal justice history into the scope of European, British, French and American history, this text provides the opportunity for comparisons of crime and punishment over boundaries of national histories. The text now concludes with a chapter that addresses terrorism and homeland security. Cover History of Criminal Justice Copyright Table of Contents Acknowledgments Chapter 1 Introduction Crime Crime and Sin The Human Sources of Crime Social Factors and Crime Crime, Punishment, and Ideas Summary Discussion Questions Endnotes References Chapter 2 Criminal Justice in Ancient Times Homicide Sex Offenses Theft Criminal Procedure and Sanctions Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 3 Medieval Crime and Punishment Before the Lateran Council of 1215 Vengeance, Wergild, and Dooms Oath and Ordeal The Fourth Lateran Council (1215) Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 4 From the Lateran Councils to the Renaissance (c. 1150-1550) The Rise of the French Inquisitorial System The English Jury System The Commercial Revolution Medieval Penology Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 5 Criminal Justice and the English Constitution to 1689 English Constitutionalism Religion, Politics, and Criminal Justice The Civil War and Law Reform (1640-1660) Restoration and Glorious Revolution Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 6 Criminal Justice on the North American Colonial Frontier (1607-1700) Virginia Under Military Law The Old Dominion and English Law Plymouth and a New Basis for Government The Special Situation in New England Policing Seventeenth-Century America Criminal Justice and Slavery Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 7 The Enlightenment and Criminal Justice Clarity in Law; Equality in Application Procedural Guarantees The Birth of Penology Clarifying English Law Restriction of Capital Punishment Parliamentary Reform Criminal Anthropologists Early Criminal Statistics Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 8 The American Revolution and Criminal Justice Procedural Rights in Colonial America Freedom of the Press Fair Trial in Violent Times Patriots, Loyalists, and Those “In Between” Penology in Revolutionary America The New Constitutions and Criminal Justice Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 9 Freedom and Prisons in the Land of the Free Initial Steps in Prison Reform Pennsylvania versus Auburn Bringing Hope to the Prisons: Maconochie and Crofton Houses of Correction and Juvenile Reformatories Insanity, Criminal Responsibility, and Penology Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 10 Early Nineteenth-Century Law Enforcement Nationalized Policing in France From Charlie to Bobby: The London Story From Bobby to Copper in New York City Southern Police Methods Law and Violence on the American Frontier Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 11 Turning Points in Constitutionalism and Criminal Justice (1787-1910) Constitutional Issues and Criminal Law Government at Flood Tide Effective Police and Burgeoning National Enterprise An “Open Spot” in Government: Political Corruption Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 12 Penology and Corrections in Modern America The National Prison Congress of 1870 The Rise and Fall of Prison Industries Reformatory Prison Discipline at Elmira Criminology and Prison Reform Thomas Mott Osborne and Miriam Van Waters Parole Probation Juvenile Delinquency Recent Developments in American Penology Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 13 The Rise of Criminal Justice Professionalism The Due Process Revolution The FBI: Paradigm and Paradox State and Local Law Enforcement Social Service and Public Relations Scientific Criminal Investigation Subculture, Police Riots, and Unionism The Rodney King Episode The O.J. Simpson Trial Summary Endnotes References Notes and Problems Chapter 14 Criminal Justice and Terrorism: The Era of Homeland Security The Path to 9/11: A Brief History of Terrorism Terrorism’s Origins Terrorism and Labor Militants World War I Michael Collins and the Irish Republican Army The Muslim Brotherhood The Establishment of Israel Terrorism, the Cold War, and Arab Nationalism The Palestinians The Revolution in Iran The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan The Sadat Assassination Israel Invades Lebanon International Cooperation in the Suppression of Terrorism Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden The 1993 World Trade Center Bombing The 1996 Khobar Towers Bombing Al Qaeda Accelerates: The 1998 Embassy Bombings and the USS Cole September 11, 2001 The Present and the Future: Homeland Security Endnotes Discussion Questions Chapter 15 Epilogue Index
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