Introductory Statistics

Description

This book is available for free at http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/... Introductory Statistics follows the scope and sequence of a one-semester, introduction to statistics course and is geared toward students majoring in fields other than math or engineering. This text assumes students have been exposed to intermediate algebra, and it focuses on the applications of statistical knowledge rather than the theory behind it. The foundation of this textbook is Collaborative Statistics, by Barbara Illowsky and Susan Dean, which has been widely adopted. Introductory Statistics includes innovations in art, terminology, and practical applications, all with a goal of increasing relevance and accessibility for students. We strove to make the discipline meaningful and memorable, so that students can draw a working knowledge from it that will enrich their future studies and help them make sense of the world around them. The text also includes Collaborative Exercises, integration with TI-83,83+,84+ Calculators, technology integration problems, and statistics labs. Preface 1. About OpenStax 2. About OpenStax's resources 3. Coverage and scope 4. Alternate sequencing 5. Pedagogical foundation and features 6. Statistics labs 7. Additional resources 8. About the authors Chapter 1. Sampling and Data 1.1. Definitions of Statistics, Probability, and Key Terms* 1.2. Data, Sampling, and Variation in Data and Sampling* 1.3. Frequency, Frequency Tables, and Levels of Measurement* 1.4. Experimental Design and Ethics* 1.5. Data Collection Experiment* 1.6. Sampling Experiment* Glossary Chapter 2. Descriptive Statistics 2.1. Stem-and-Leaf Graphs (Stemplots), Line Graphs, and Bar Graphs* 2.2. Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Time Series Graphs* 2.3. Measures of the Location of the Data* 2.4. Box Plots* 2.5. Measures of the Center of the Data* 2.6. Skewness and the Mean, Median, and Mode* 2.7. Measures of the Spread of the Data* 2.8. Descriptive Statistics* Glossary Chapter 3. Probability Topics 3.1. Terminology* 3.2. Independent and Mutually Exclusive Events* 3.3. Two Basic Rules of Probability* 3.4. Contingency Tables* 3.5. Tree and Venn Diagrams* 3.6. Probability Topics* Glossary Chapter 4. Discrete Random Variables 4.1. Probability Distribution Function (PDF) for a Discrete Random Variable* 4.2. Mean or Expected Value and Standard Deviation* 4.3. Binomial Distribution* 4.4. Geometric Distribution* 4.5. Hypergeometric Distribution* 4.6. Poisson Distribution* 4.7. Discrete Distribution (Playing Card Experiment)* 4.8. Discrete Distribution (Lucky Dice Experiment)* Glossary Chapter 5. Continuous Random Variables 5.1. Continuous Probability Functions* 5.2. The Uniform Distribution* 5.3. The Exponential Distribution* 5.4. Continuous Distribution* Glossary Chapter 6. The Normal Distribution 6.1. The Standard Normal Distribution* 6.2. Using the Normal Distribution* 6.3. Normal Distribution (Lap Times)* 6.4. Normal Distribution (Pinkie Length)* Glossary Chapter 7. The Central Limit Theorem 7.1. The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means (Averages)* 7.2. The Central Limit Theorem for Sums* 7.3. Using the Central Limit Theorem* 7.4. Central Limit Theorem (Pocket Change)* 7.5. Central Limit Theorem (Cookie Recipes)* Glossary Chapter 8. Confidence Intervals 8.1. A Single Population Mean using the Normal Distribution* 8.2. A Single Population Mean using the Student t Distribution* 8.3. A Population Proportion* 8.4. Confidence Interval (Home Costs)* 8.5. Confidence Interval (Place of Birth)* 8.6. Confidence Interval (Women's Heights)* Glossary Chapter 9. Hypothesis Testing with One Sample 9.1. Null and Alternative Hypotheses* 9.2. Outcomes and the Type I and Type II Errors* 9.3. Distribution Needed for Hypothesis Testing* 9.4. Rare Events, the Sample, Decision and Conclusion* 9.5. Additional Information and Full Hypothesis Test Examples* 9.6. Hypothesis Testing of a Single Mean and Single Proportion* Glossary Chapter 10. Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples 10.1. Two Population Means with Unknown Standard Deviations* 10.2. Two Population Means with Known Standard Deviations* 10.3. Comparing Two Independent Population Proportions* 10.4. Matched or Paired Samples* 10.5. Hypothesis Testing for Two Means and Two Proportions* Glossary Chapter 11. The Chi-Square Distribution 11.1. Facts About the Chi-Square Distribution* 11.2. Goodness-of-Fit Test* 11.3. Test of Independence* 11.4. Test for Homogeneity* 11.5. Comparison of the Chi-Square Tests* 11.6. Test of a Single Variance* 11.7. Lab 1: Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit* 11.8. Lab 2: Chi-Square Test of Independence* Glossary Chapter 12. Linear Regression and Correlation 12.1. Linear Equations* 12.2. Scatter Plots* 12.3. The Regression Equation* 12.4. Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient* 12.5. Prediction* 12.6. Outliers* 12.7. Regression (Distance from School)* 12.8. Regression (Textbook Cost)* 12.9. Regression (Fuel Efficiency)* Glossary Chapter 13. F Distribution and One-Way ANOVA 13.1. One-Way ANOVA* 13.2. The F Distribution and the F-Ratio* 13.3. Facts About the F Distribution* 13.4. Test of Two Variances* 13.5. Lab: One-Way ANOVA* Glossary Appendix A. Review Exercises (Ch 3-13)* A.1. Chapter 3 A.2. Chapter 4 A.3. Chapter 5 A.4. Chapter 6 A.5. Chapter 7 A.6. Chapter 8 A.7. Chapter 9 A.8. Chapter 10 A.9. Chapter 11 A.10. Chapter 12 A.11. Chapter 13 A.12. Solutions A.13. References Appendix B. Practice Tests (1-4) and Final Exams* B.1. Practice Test 1 B.2. Practice Test 1 Solutions B.3. Practice Test 2 B.4. Practice Test 2 Solutions B.5. Practice Test 3 B.6. Practice Test 3 Solutions B.7. Practice Test 4 B.8. Practice Test 4 Solutions B.9. Practice Final Exam 1 B.10. Practice Final Exam 1 Solutions B.11. Practice Final Exam 2 B.12. Practice Final Exam 2 Solutions Appendix C. Data Sets* C.1. Lap Times C.2. Stock Prices C.3. References Appendix D. Group and Partner Projects* D.1. Univariate Data D.2. Continuous Distributions and Central Limit Theorem D.3. Hypothesis Testing-Article D.4. Bivariate Data, Linear Regression, and Univariate Data Appendix E. Solution Sheets* E.1. Hypothesis Testing with One Sample E.2. Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples E.3. The Chi-Square Distribution E.4. F Distribution and One-Way ANOVA Appendix F. Mathematical Phrases, Symbols, and Formulas* F.1. English Phrases Written Mathematically F.2. Formulas F.3. Symbols and Their Meanings Appendix G. Notes for the TI-83, 83+, 84, 84+ Calculators* G.1. Quick Tips G.2. Manipulating One-Variable Statistics G.3. Drawing Histograms G.4. Linear Regression G.5. TI-83, 83+, 84, 84+ instructions for distributions and tests Appendix H. Tables* Index Statistics.pdf Blank Page