CompTIA Linux+ Study Guide (Exam XK0-004)

Description

Cover Title Page Acknowledgments About the Authors Contents at a Glance Contents Introduction Assessment Test Part I Gathering Your Tools Chapter 1 Preparing Your Environment Setting Up a Learning Space Using That Old Laptop Creating a Virtualized Environment Jumping to the Cloud Exploring Linux Distributions Looking at CentOS Looking at Ubuntu Looking at openSUSE Looking at Fedora Locating a Terminal Summary Chapter 2 Sifting Through Services What Is a Linux Server? Launching Services Listening for Clients Serving the Basics Web Servers Database Servers Mail Servers Serving Local Networks File Servers Print Servers Network Resource Servers Implementing Security Authentication Server Certificate Authority Access Server (SSH) Virtual Private Networks Proxy Server Monitoring Improving Performance Clustering Load Balancing Containers Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 3 Managing Files, Directories, and Text Handling Files and Directories Viewing and Creating Files Copying and Moving Files Removing Files Linking Files and Directories Establishing a Hard Link Constructing a Soft Link Reading Files Reading Entire Text Files Reading Text File Portions Reading Text File Pages Finding Information Exploring File Differences Using Simple Pinpoint Commands Using Intricate Pinpoint Commands Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 4 Searching and Analyzing Text Processing Text Files Filtering Text Formatting Text Determining Word Count Redirecting Input and Output Handling Standard Output Redirecting Standard Error Regulating Standard Input Piping Commands Creating Here Documents Creating Command Lines Editing Text Files Appreciating Text Editors Learning About Stream Editors Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Part II Starting Up and Configuring Your System Chapter 5 Explaining the Boot Process The Linux Boot Process Following the Boot Process Viewing the Boot Process The Firmware Startup The BIOS Startup The UEFI Startup Linux Bootloaders GRUB Legacy GRUB2 Alternative Bootloaders System Recovery Kernel Failures Root Drive Failure Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 6 Maintaining System Startup and Services Looking at init Managing systemd Systems Exploring Unit Files Focusing on Service Unit Files Focusing on Target Unit Files Looking at systemctl Examining Special systemd Commands Managing SysV init Systems Understanding Runlevels Investigating SysV init Commands Digging Deeper into systemd Looking at systemd Mount Units Exploring Automount Units Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 7 Configuring Network Connections Configuring Network Features Network Configuration Files Graphical Tools Command-Line Tools Basic Network Troubleshooting Sending Test Packets Finding Host Information Advanced Network Troubleshooting The netstat Command Examining Sockets Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 8 Comparing GUIs Focusing on the GUI Getting to Know GNOME Probing KDE Plasma Considering Cinnamon Making Acquaintance with MATE Understanding Unity Setting Up Accessibility Serving Up the GUI Figuring Out Wayland Examining X11 Using Remote Desktops Viewing VNC Grasping Xrdp Exploring NX Studying SPICE Forwarding Local Remote Tunneling Your X11 Connection Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 9 Adjusting Localization Options Understanding Localization Character Sets Environment Variables Setting Your Locale Installation Locale Decisions Changing Your Locale Looking at Time Working with Time Zones Setting the Time and Date Watching System Time Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Part III Managing Your System Chapter 10 Administering Users and Groups Managing User Accounts Adding Accounts Maintaining Passwords Modifying Accounts Deleting Accounts Managing Groups Setting Up the Environment Perusing Bash Parameters Understanding User Entries Grasping Global Entries Querying Users Exploring the whoami Utility Understanding the who Utility Identifying with the id Program Displaying Access History with the last Utility Managing Disk Space Usage Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 11 Handling Storage Storage Basics Drive Connections Partitioning Drives Automatic Drive Detection Partitioning Tools Working with fdisk Working with gdisk The GNU parted Command Graphical Tools Understanding Filesystems The Virtual Directory Maneuvering Around the Filesystem Formatting Filesystems Common Filesystem Types Creating Filesystems Mounting Filesystems Manually Mounting Devices Automatically Mounting Devices Managing Filesystems Retrieving Filesystem Stats Filesystem Tools Storage Alternatives Multipath Logical Volume Manager Using RAID Technology Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 12 Protecting Files Understanding Backup Types Looking at Compression Methods Comparing Archive and Restore Utilities Copying with cpio Archiving with tar Duplicating with dd Replicating with rsync Securing Offsite/Off-System Backups Copying Securely via scp Transferring Securely via sftp Checking Backup Integrity Digesting an MD5 Algorithm Securing Hash Algorithms Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 13 Governing Software Working with Source Code Downloading Source Code Bundling Source Code Packages Compiling Source Code Packaging Applications Installing and Managing Packages Understanding Repositories Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 14 Tending Kernel Modules Exploring Kernel Modules Installing Kernel Modules Removing Kernel Modules Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Part IV Securing Your System Chapter 15 Applying Ownership and Permissions Looking at File and Directory Permissions Understanding Ownership Controlling Access Permissions Exploring Special Permissions Managing Default Permissions Access Control Lists Context-Based Permissions Using SELinux Using AppArmor Understanding Linux User Types Types of User Accounts Escalating Privileges Restricting Users Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 16 Looking at Access and Authentication Methods Getting to Know PAM Exploring PAM Configuration Files Enforcing Strong Passwords Locking Out Accounts Limiting Root Access Exploring PKI Concepts Getting Certificates Discovering Key Concepts Securing Data Signing Transmissions Using SSH Exploring Basic SSH Concepts Configuring SSH Generating SSH Keys Authenticating with SSH Keys Authenticating with the Authentication Agent Using SSH Securely Using VPN as a Client Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 17 Implementing Logging Services Understanding the Importance of Logging The syslog Protocol The History of Linux Logging Basic Logging Using rsyslog Configuration Making Log Entries Finding Event Messages Journaling with systemd-journald Configuration Viewing Logs Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 18 Overseeing Linux Firewalls Providing Access Control Looking at Firewall Technologies Familiarizing Yourself with firewalld Investigating iptables Understanding UFW Forwarding IP Packets Dynamically Setting Rules DenyHosts Fail2ban IPset Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 19 Embracing Best Security Practices User Security Authentication Methods Multifactor Authentication Unique User Accounts Restricting the root Account System Security Separation of Data Disk Encryption Restricting Applications Preventing Unauthorized Rebooting Restricting Unapproved Jobs Banners and Messages Restricting USB Devices Looking for Trouble Auditing Network Security Denying Hosts Disabling Unused Services Changing Default Ports Using Encryption on the Network Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Part V Troubleshooting Your System Chapter 20 Analyzing System Properties and Remediation Troubleshooting the Network Exploring Network Issues Viewing Network Performance Reviewing the Network’s Configuration Troubleshooting Storage Issues Running Out of Filesystem Space Waiting on Disk I/O Failing Disks Troubleshooting the CPU Troubleshooting Memory Swapping Running Out of Memory Surviving a Lost root Password Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 21 Optimizing Performance Looking at Processes Monitoring Processes in Real Time Managing Processes Setting Priorities Stopping Processes Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 22 Investigating User Issues Troubleshooting Access Local Remote Authentication Examining File Obstacles File Permissions Directory Permissions File Creation Exploring Environment and Shell Issues Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 23 Dealing with Linux Devices Communicating with Linux Devices Device Interfaces The /dev Directory The /proc Directory The /sys Directory Working with Devices Finding Devices Working with PCI Cards Working with USB Devices Supporting Monitors Using Printers Using Hot Pluggable Devices Detecting Dynamic Devices Working with Dynamic Devices Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 24 Troubleshooting Application and Hardware Issues Dealing with Storage Problems Exploring Common Issues Dealing with Specialized Issues Uncovering Application Permission Issues Analyzing Application Dependencies Versioning Updating Issues Patching Dealing with Libraries Exploring Environment Variable Issues Gaining GCC Compatibility Perusing Repository Problems Looking at SELinux Context Violations Exploring Firewall Blockages Unrestricting ACLs Unblocking Ports Unblocking Protocols Troubleshooting Additional Hardware Issues Looking at Helpful Hardware Commands Investigating Other Hardware Problems Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Part VI Automating Your System Chapter 25 Deploying Bash Scripts The Basics of Shell Scripting Running Multiple Commands Redirecting Output Piping Data The Shell Script Format Running the Shell Script Advanced Shell Scripting Displaying Messages Using Variables Command-Line Arguments The Exit Status Writing Script Programs Command Substitution Performing Math Logic Statements Loops Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 26 Automating Jobs Running Scripts in Background Mode Running in the Background Running Multiple Background Jobs Running Scripts Without a Console Sending Signals Interrupting a Process Pausing a Process Job Control Viewing Jobs Restarting Stopped Jobs Running Like Clockwork Scheduling a Job Using the at Command Scheduling Regular Scripts Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 27 Controlling Versions with Git Understanding Version Control Setting Up Your Git Environment Committing with Git Merging Versions Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Part VII Realizing Virtual and Cloud Environments Chapter 28 Understanding Cloud and Virtualization Concepts Considering Cloud Services What Is Cloud Computing? What Are the Cloud Services? Understanding Virtualization Hypervisors Types of Hypervisors Hypervisor Templates Exploring Containers What Are Containers? Container Software Container Templates Exercise Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 29 Inspecting Cloud and Virtualization Services Focusing on VM Tools Looking at libvirt Viewing virsh Managing with Virtual Machine Manager Understanding Bootstrapping Booting with Shell Scripts Kick-Starting with Anaconda Initializing with Cloud-init Exploring Storage Issues Considering Network Configurations Virtualizing the Network Configuring Virtualized NICs Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Chapter 30 Orchestrating the Environment Understanding Orchestration Concepts Probing Procedures Analyzing Attributes Provisioning the Data Center Coding the Infrastructure Automating the Infrastructure Comparing Agent and Agentless Investigating the Inventory Looking at Container Orchestration Engines Embracing Kubernetes Inspecting Docker Swarm Surveying Mesos Summary Exam Essentials Review Questions Appendix Answers to Review Questions Chapter 2: Sifting Through Services Chapter 3: Managing Files, Directories, and Text Chapter 4: Searching and Analyzing Text Chapter 5: Explaining the Boot Process Chapter 6: Maintaining System Startup and Services Chapter 7: Configuring Network Connections Chapter 8: Comparing GUIs Chapter 9: Adjusting Localization Options Chapter 10: Administering Users and Groups Chapter 11: Handling Storage Chapter 12: Protecting Files Chapter 13: Governing Software Chapter 14: Tending Kernel Modules Chapter 15: Applying Ownership and Permissions Chapter 16: Looking at Access and Authentication Methods Chapter 17: Implementing Logging Services Chapter 18: Overseeing Linux Firewalls Chapter 19: Embracing Best Security Practices Chapter 20: Analyzing System Properties and Remediation Chapter 21: Optimizing Performance Chapter 22: Investigating User Issues Chapter 23: Dealing with Linux Devices Chapter 24: Troubleshooting Application and Hardware Issues Chapter 25: Deploying Bash Scripts Chapter 26: Automating Jobs Chapter 27: Controlling Versions with Git Chapter 28: Understanding Cloud and Virtualization Concepts Chapter 29: Inspecting Cloud and Virtualization Services Chapter 30: Orchestrating the Environment Index Advert EULA