Hellenic Origin of Europe: Formation of the Greeks 4600–2600 BC and the first Greek states 2600–1450 BC in Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A Scripts

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The author, Iurii Leonidovych Mosenkis, is PhD in general linguistics, DrSc in the Ukrainian language and general linguistics, Professor of the Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University (Ukraine), member of the Presidium of the Ukraine Higher Education Academy of Sciences, member of the European Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Literary (France), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and PEN club (Belgian francophone section). The author proposes reconstruction of three unknown Greek-like ancient dialects and decipherment of Cretan Hieroglyphic and Linear A in Greek. Greek mythical events are interpreted historically and archaeologically. D. I. Pereverzev, PhD, corresponding member of the Higher Education Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the European Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Literature (France) Chapter One FORMATION OF THE GREEKS, THEIR LANGUAGE AND WRITING, 4600–2200 BCE p. 8 From Proto-Indo-European to Common Paleo-Balkan p. 8 Archaeology, archaeogenetics, physical anthropology p. 8 Origin of Paleo-Balkan peoples and the Sea Peoples: ethnonymic evidence p. 10 Palaeoethnology of Crete p. 17 Pre-Romanian: substrates and loans p. 21 Several unknown Paleo-Balkan languages and substrates, adstrates, loans in Greek p. 25 Pelasgians and their language p. 25 ‘Dithyrambic’ p. 26 Gutian p. 27 Paleo-Balkan elements in Burushaski p. 28 Phrygian-related Eteocretan p. 30 Phrygian-like elements in Linear A? p. 33 Eteo-Cypriot: Paleo-Balkan, Tyrsenian, or Hurrian? p. 34 Cretan royal dialect? p. 34 Pre-Greek substrates vs irregular Greek/Paleo-Balkan forms and loans p. 34 Cucuteni-Trypillia – Troy – Mainland Greece p. 42 Proto-Greeks/Paleo-Balkanians and their writing in the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture 3400–3100 BCE p. 42 Earliest Aegean states: Pelasgian Early Helladic II, Greek(-Macedonian) Troy II, and Georgian-Armenian Trialeti, about 2600–2200 BCE p. 47 The first Greek state in Mainland Greece: Early Helladic III, from 2200 BCE p. 57 Pre-Greek Aegean: Tyrsenian p. 61 Lemnian language of Aegean Tyrrenians p. 61 Etymological dictionary of the Etruscan language p. 64 Chapter Two DEVELOPMENT OF THE MINOAN GREEK STATE IN THE HIEROGLYPHIC SCRIPTS, 2200–1700 BCE p. 75 Greek language in arts, myths, and rites from Minoan to classical time p. 75 Greek-spoken Minoan painters: the ‘language interpretation of art’ method p. 7 Language-addicted myths and rites: the ‘language interpretation of myth and rite’ method p. 77 Cretan Hieroglyphics: the script for kings and goddesses p. 80 State and writing: a timeline p. 80 Satem-influenced Greek language of Cretan Hieroglyphs p. 81 Ariadne the Mistress p. 85 Wine and meat vs king titles p. 85 Γυγ᾵, Minoan/Ancient Macedonian Athena p. 86 King vs goddess on the three-sided ‘royal’ seal p. 89 King, queen, and the goddess on the eight-sided seal p. 89 Hieroglyphs beside hieroglyphics p. 92 Mother of Health in the Arkalokhori Script p. 92 Greek hieroglyphic/acrophonic roots of Minoan syllabary p. 92 Chapter Three FLOURISHING OF THE MINOAN GREEK STATE IN THE LINEAR A SCRIPT, 1700–1450 BCE p. 98 Language p. 98 Minoan Greek: a history of the hypothesis p. 98 Linear A word groups: a key to deciphering? p. 105 Phonetics and orthography p. 109 Greek morphology of Indo-European origin in Linear A p. 114 Syntax p. 117 Farming p. 118 Land, plants, wine, beer p. 118 Animals, fish, wool, clothes p. 122 Vessels p. 124 Yoke, wheek and vehicle p. 124 Society p. 125 Cities p. 125 Sacral king and city ruler/judge p. 127 Native and foreign slaves p. 127 Healing p. 130 Change p. 130 Instruments and weapons p. 131 Religion p. 133 Mountains and caves p. 133 City Goddess p. 134 Mother Goddess(es), Hestia vs Iasios, Demeter, Eileithyia p. 136 A goddess of Libation Formula? p. 138 Double Axe-holding Idaean Mother p. 138 Tutelary god: personal vs of city p. 139 Palace, throne, shrine p. 139 Oral law and magic charm in games p. 141 Rites: burial, purification, bull leaping p. 142 Priests and priestesses p. 143 Gifts for gods: bread, votive sculpture, gold ring p. 144 Chapter Four CHRONOGOGY, RELATIONS, RECONSTRUCTIONS p. 147 High precision astronomical chronology of Eneolithic-Bronze Greece p. 147 Multi-disciplinary periodization of Balkan prehistory p. 147 More precise than calibrated radiocarbon: Ancient chronology of early Greek kingdoms and the Helladic culture p. 152 Minoan Floods: about 1530 BCE (the Thera eruption?) and others p. 153 The Telchines and Heliadae: astromythical chronology of ancient Rhodes confirmed the early date of the Thera eruption p. 156 Lunar and solar chronology of Late Mycenaean Crete in the Minos-related myths p. 157 The Sea Peoples during the 1280s BCE in the Argonautica p. 159 Greece and Troy between two Trojan wars p. 161 Precise chronology of the Bronze Age Collapse in the Trojan Epic cycle p. 162 Greek world in the Bronze Age: Long-distance contacts p. 169 Mycenaean oecumene: Greek epic evidence p. 169 Cretan sacral king of the Helios dynasty, Chinese yellow-clothed king, and Tocharian sun god p. 174 Abkhaz-Adyghe origin of the Greek king title: βασιλεύς p. 175 Minoan-Mycenaean Greeks in Colchis p. 175 Minoan Greeks in Bronze Age Norway and Cypriot Hurrian trade elite of ProtoGermanic people p. 180 Κουρῆτες and Σάλως: Hurrian sacral warriors and bull cult in Crete? p. 183 Celts in Middle Greece? p. 184 Greece, the Hittites, Mitanni, and Egypt: synchronisms of the Late Bronze Age p. 186 Hittite and Mitannian kings in the Tantalus-Pelops and Atreus-Thyestes myths p. 186 The family of Amenhotep III in the Greek myths p. 187 The Akhenaten and Mursilis eclipses: the cause of reform and the basis of chronology p. 188 Mycenaean-Hittite war, the fall of Troy VI, and the Sherden invasion in Egypt in the Heracles myth: astronomical dating p. 190 Ramesses II, Merneptah, and the Sais Battle in the Greek literature p. 193 Cretan theocracy: an interdisciplinary model p. 196 Minoan religion origins p. 196 Sacral royal family: a ‘Lunar Dynasty’? p. 197 Origin and structure of Minoan-Mycenaean power: evidence of titles p. 200 Sacral-military diarchy p. 202 From elected to inherited king p. 203 Royal bull cult p. 204 Golden Fleece: a kingship symbol from the Anatolian Greek homeland? p. 205 Chapter Five MINOAN EXACT SCIENCE: SACRAL ASTRONOMY p. 206 Astronomy and calendar p. 206 Orientation of buildings p. 206 Eight-year cycle and Venus cult p. 206 Sacral star of Arcturus p. 209 Minotaur-Theseus myth and Hercules-Perseus-based calendar p. 213 Pasiphae, Circea, Aeëtes and seasonal markers p. 215 Calendrical instruments p. 217 In search of Minoan star catalogue p. 220 Double Axe and Ursa Major p. 220 Constellations in Minoan art p. 221 Astronomical provenance of the Linear A iconography p. 223 Aegean-influenced Phoenician alphabet as a star calendar p. 226 ‘Non-Ptolemaic’ constellations in the Sphaera Barbarica, Lunar Zodiac, and Dodekaoros p. 228 Possible Pre-Classical Greek Parallels of Egyptian and Arabic Constellations p. 235 Neolithic roots of Minoan sky map p. 238 Neolithic Zodiac and Mountain Mother p. 238 Tartaria Tablets: a deep precursor p. 239 The Phaistos Disc: an astronomer’s instrument? p. 241 Sign-grouping in the Phaistos Disc: An evidence of non-linguistic/astronomical text p. 241 Sailor’s tool p. 243 Lunisolar calendar p. 244 Lunar phases p. 245 Egyptian method of intercalations p. 245 Venusian period p. 246 Prediction of the eclipses p. 246