Mechanical Characterization Using Digital Image Correlation: Advanced Fibrous Composite Laminates

Description

In this book, a precise treatment of the experimental characterization of advanced composite materials using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is presented. The text explains test methods, testing setup with 2D- and stereo-DIC, specimen preparation and patterning, testing analysis and data reduction schemes to determine and to compare mechanical properties, such as modulus, strength and fracture toughness of advanced composite materials. Sensitivity and uncertainty studies on the DIC calculated data and mechanical properties for a detailed engineering-based understanding are covered instead of idealized theories and sugarcoated results. The book provides students, instructors, researchers and engineers in industrial or government institutions, and practitioners working in the field of experimental/applied structural mechanics of materials a myriad of color figures from DIC measurements for better explanation, datasets of material properties serving as  input parameters for analytical modelling, raw data and computer codes for data reduction, illustrative graphs for teaching purposes, practice exercises with solutions provided online and extensive references to the literature at the end of each stand-alone chapter. Preface Acknowledgments About This Book Contents Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction and Theoretical Background Motivation Fibrous Composite Laminates Historical Background Configuration Structural Mechanics Stress Strain Constitutive Relations Classical Lamination Theory Strength and Failure Mechanical Characterization Motivation Shear Test Methods Test Methods and Materials of Investigation Test Methods Materials UD-CFRP Surface Quality Assorted Materials Woven-CFRP UD-GFRP Digital Image Correlation Historical Background Configuration From Speckles to Displacements Virtual Strain Gauge Resolution and Uncertainty Quantification Resolution DIC Parameter Uncertainty Quantification Patterning Methods Practice Exercises References Chapter 2: Tensile Testing Background Specimen Geometry Experimental Setup and DIC Configuration Mechanical Response Data Reduction Fractography Sensitivity Analysis-Angularity Sensitivity Analysis-Strain Location and Range Visualization of Strains and Displacements Strains Elastic Behavior Failure Investigation Sensitivity Analysis-DIC Parameter Uncertainty Quantification Displacements Axial Displacement U Lateral Displacement V Out-of-Plane Displacement W Effect of Specimen Geometry and Fiber Orientation Summary and Discussion In-Plane Extensional and Intralaminar Shear Properties Testing of Assorted Materials Woven-CFRP-Uniaxial and ±45 Tensile Testing UD-GFRP-Uniaxial and 10 Off-Axis Tensile Testing Key Conclusions DIC Structural Mechanics and Testing Practice Exercises References Chapter 3: V-Notched Specimen Testing Background Specimen Geometry Experimental Setup and DIC Configuration V-Notched Beam Test V-Notched Rail Test Mechanical Response Data Reduction Fractography Sensitivity Analysis-Strain Type, Location, and Range Visualization of Strains and Displacements Strains Shear Strains Failure Investigation Sensitivity Analysis-DIC Parameter Uncertainty Quantification Displacements Monitoring of Test Fixture Performance Out-of-Plane Displacement W Effect of Fiber Orientation Effect of Specimen Geometry Summary and Discussion Intralaminar Shear Properties Testing of Assorted Materials Woven-CFRP-V-Notched Beam Test UD-GFRP-V-Notched Rail Test Key Conclusions DIC Structural Mechanics and Testing Practice Exercises References Chapter 4: Flexural Testing Background Bending Deflection and Bending Strength Shear Deflection and Shear Strength Short-Beam Test Double Beam Shear Test Specimen Geometry Experimental Setup and DIC Configuration Mechanical Response Data Reduction Fractography Sensitivity Analysis: Shear Stress Sensitivity Analysis: Span Visualization of Strains and Displacements Strains Shear Strain: Intended Loading Condition Shear Strain: Stress-Strain Response Failure Investigation Accessory Loading Conditions Neutral Axis Sensitivity Analysis: DIC Parameter Uncertainty Quantification Displacements Horizontal Displacement U Vertical Displacement V Effect of Specimen Geometry Summary and Discussion Elastic Properties Flexural and Shear Properties Flexural Modulus vs. Tensile Modulus Resin Rich Layers Tensile Modulus vs. Compressive Modulus Number of Layers Off-Axis Angle Interlaminar Shear Properties Testing of Assorted Materials Woven-CFRP: Three-Point, Four-Point, and Five-Point Bending Elastic Flexural Properties Interlaminar Shear Properties Resin: Three-Point Bending Key Conclusions DIC Structural Mechanics and Testing Practice Exercises References Chapter 5: Delamination Resistance Testing Background Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Mode I Double Cantilever Beam Test Mode II End-Notched Flexural Test Calibrated End-Loaded Split Test Testing Uncertainties Specimen Geometry Testing Setup and DIC Configuration Mode I Double Cantilever Beam Test Mode II End-Notched Flexural Test Calibrated End-Loaded Split Test Mode I-Mechanical Response Data Reduction Fractography Mode I-Visualization of Strains and Displacements Strains Intended Loading Condition Accessory Loading Conditions Sensitivity Analysis: DIC Parameter Uncertainty Quantification Displacements Horizontal Displacement U Vertical Displacement V Mode II - Mechanical Response Data Reduction Fractography Mode II-Visualization of Strains and Displacements Strains Intended Loading Condition Accessory Loading Conditions Sensitivity Analysis-DIC Parameter Uncertainty Quantification Displacements Horizontal Displacement U Vertical Displacement V Summary and Discussion Interlaminar Fracture Properties Elastic Flexural Properties Testing of Assorted Materials Woven-CFRP-Mode I DCB Testing Key Conclusions DIC Structural Mechanics and Testing Practice Exercises References Chapter 6: Summary and Discussion UD-CFRP Intralaminar and Interlaminar Shear Properties Experiment vs. Analytical Model Elastic Properties Strength Sensitivity Analysis: Input Parameters for Analytical Modeling Elastic Properties (Figs. 6.6-6.9) Strength (Figs. 6.10 and 6.11) Woven-CFRP Intralaminar and Interlaminar Shear Properties Experiment vs. Analytical Model Elastic Properties Strength Sensitivity Analysis: Input Parameters for Analytical Modeling Elastic Properties (Fig. 6.16-6.19) Strength (Figs. 6.20 and 6.21) Comparison: Material Anisotropy References Index