Traffic and highway engineering

Description

Cover Contents Preface Preface to the SI Edition About the Authors Digital Resources Part 1: Introduction Chapter 1: The Profession of Transportation 1.1 Importance of Transportation 1.2 Transportation History 1.3 Transportation Employment 1.4 Summary Problems References Chapter 2: Transportation Systems and Organizations 2.1 Developing a Transportation System 2.2 Modes of Transportation 2.3 Transportation Organizations 2.4 Summary Problems References Part 2: Traffic Operations Chapter 3: Characteristics of the Driver, the Pedestrian, the Bicyclist, the Vehicle, and the Road 3.1 Driver Characteristics 3.2 Perception-Reaction Process 3.3 Older Drivers' Characteristics 3.4 Pedestrian Characteristics 3.5 Bicyclists and Bicycles Characteristics 3.6 Vehicle Characteristics 3.7 Road Characteristics 3.8 Summary Problems References Chapter 4: Traffic Engineering Studies 4.1 Spot Speed Studies 4.2 Volume Studies 4.3 Methods for Conducting Spot Speed and Volume Studies 4.4 Presentation and Analysis of Spot Speed Data 4.5 Types of Volume Counts and Analysis of Volume Data 4.6 Travel Time and Delay Studies 4.7 Parking Studies 4.8 Summary Problems References Chapter 5: Highway Safety 5.1 Issues Involved in Transportation Safety 5.2 Strategic Highway Safety Plans 5.3 Performance Measures 5.4 Computational Procedures for Safety Effectiveness Evaluation Methods 5.5 Crash Patterns 5.6 Effectiveness of Safety Design Features 5.7 Safety Effectiveness of Some Commonly Used Highway Design Features 5.8 Safety Effects of Pedestrian Facilities 5.9 Safety Effects of Traffic Calming Strategies 5.10 Safety Impact of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) 5.11 Summary Problems References Chapter 6: Fundamental Principles of Traffic Flow 6.1 Traffic Flow Elements 6.2 Flow-Density Relationships 6.3 Shock Waves in Traffic Streams 6.4 Gap and Gap Acceptance 6.5 Introduction to Queuing Theory 6.6 Summary Problems Chapter 7: Intersection Design 7.1 Types of at-Grade Intersections 7.2 Design Principles for at-Grade Intersections 7.3 Design of Railroad Grade Crossings 7.4 Summary Problems References Chapter 8: Intersection Control 8.1 General Concepts of Traffic Control 8.2 Conflict Points at Intersections 8.3 Types of Intersection Control 8.4 Signal Timing for Different Color Indications 8.5 Freeway Ramps 8.6 Evaluation and Optimization of Intersection Timing Plans 8.7 Summary Problems References Chapter 9: Capacity and Level of Service for Highway Segments 9.1 Freeways 9.2 Multilane Highways 9.3 Two-Lane Highways 9.4 Summary 9.5 Problems Reference Chapter 9 Appendix: Tables Chapter 10: Capacity and Level of Service at Signalized Intersections 10.1 Definitions of Some Common Terms 10.2 Analysis Levels and Performance Measures for Level of Service at Signalized Intersections 10.3 Level of Service Criteria at Signalized Intersections 10.4 Methodology of Operational Analysis for the Automobile Mode 10.5 Computation of Pedestrian and Bicycle Factors (fLpb, fRpb) for Right- and Left-Turn Movements from One-Way Streets 10.6 Computation of Pedestrians and Bicycles Factor (fLpb), for Protected or Protected-Permitted Left-Turn Movements on Two-Way Streets 10.7 Determination of Lane Group Adjusted Saturation Flow Rate 10.8 Lane Group Capacity 10.9 Level of Service Computation for Pedestrian Mode 10.10 Level of Service for Bicycle Mode 10.11 Quick Estimation Method (QEM) 10.12 Field Determination of Saturation Flow 10.13 Summary Problems References Part 3: Transportation Planning Chapter 11: The Transportation Planning Process 11.1 Basic Elements of Transportation Planning 11.2 Transportation Planning Institutions 11.3 Urban Transportation Planning 11.4 Forecasting Travel 11.5 Summary Problems References Chapter 12: Forecasting Travel Demand 12.1 Demand Forecasting Approaches 12.2 Trip Generation 12.3 Trip Distribution 12.4 Mode Choice 12.5 Traffic Assignment 12.6 Other Methods for Forecasting Demand 12.7 Estimating Freight Demand 12.8 Traffic Impact Studies 12.9 Summary Problems References Chapter 13: Evaluating Transportation Alternatives 13.1 Basic Issues in Evaluation 13.2 Evaluation Based on Economic Criteria 13.3 Evaluation Based on Multiple Criteria 13.4 Summary Problems References Part 4: Location, Geometrics, and Drainage Chapter 14: Highway Surveys and Location 14.1 Principles of Highway Location 14.2 Highway Survey Methods 14.3 Highway Earthwork and Final Plans 14.4 Summary Problems References Chapter 15: Geometric Design of Highway Facilities 15.1 Factors Influencing Highway Design 15.2 Design of the Alignment 15.3 Special Facilities for Heavy Vehicles on Steep Grades 15.4 Bicycle Facilities 15.5 Parking Facilities 15.6 Computer Use in Geometric Design 15.7 Summary Problems References Chapter 16: Highway Drainage 16.1 Surface Drainage 16.2 Highway Drainage Structures 16.3 Sediment and Erosion Control 16.4 Hydrologic Considerations 16.5 Unit Hydrographs 16.6 Hydraulic Design of Highway Drainage Structures 16.7 Subsurface Drainage 16.8 Summary Problems References Additional Reading Part 5: Materials and Pavements Chapter 17: Soil Engineering for Highway Design 17.1 Soil Characteristics 17.2 Basic Engineering Properties of Soils 17.3 Classification of Soils for Highway Use 17.4 Soil Surveys for Highway Construction 17.5 Soil Compaction 17.6 Special Soil Tests for Pavement Design 17.7 Frost Action in Soils 17.8 Summary Problems References Chapter 18: Bituminous Materials 18.1 Sources of Asphalt 18.2 Description and Uses of Bituminous Binders 18.3 Properties of Asphalt Materials 18.4 Tests for Asphalt Materials 18.5 Asphalt Mixtures 18.6 Superpave Systems 18.7 Summary Problems References Chapter 19: Design of Flexible Highway Pavements 19.1 Structural Components of a Flexible Pavement 19.2 Soil Stabilization 19.3 General Principles of Flexible Pavement Design 19.4 Summary Problems References Chapter 20: Design of Rigid Pavements 20.1 Materials Used in Rigid Pavements 20.2 Joints in Concrete Pavements 20.3 Types of Rigid Highway Pavements 20.4 Pumping of Rigid Pavements 20.5 Stresses in Rigid Pavements 20.6 Thickness Design of Rigid Pavements 20.7 Summary Problems References Chapter 21: Pavement Management 21.1 Problems of Highway Rehabilitation 21.2 Methods for Determining Roadway Condition 21.3 Pavement Condition Prediction 21.4 Pavement Rehabilitation 21.5 Pavement Rehabilitation Programming 21.6 GIS and Pavement Management 21.7 Summary Problems References Appendix A: Critical Values for the Student's t and X2 Distributions Appendix B: Developing Equations for Computing Regression Coefficients Appendix C: Fitting Speed and Density Data for Example 6.3 to the Greenshields Model Using Excel Appendix D: An Example of Level of Service Determination Using HCS 2010 Appendix E: Metric Conversion Factors for Highway Geometric Design Index