Computer Assistive Technologies for Physically and Cognitively Challenged Users

Description

Computer Assistive Technologies for Physically and Cognitively Challenged Users focuses on the technologies and devices that assist individuals with physical and cognitive disabilities. These technologies facilitate independent activity and participation, serving to improve daily functional capabilities. The book features nine chapters that cover a wide range of computer assistive technologies that give readers an in-depth understanding of the available resources to help the elderly or individuals with disabilities. The topics covered in the book include 1) The category and ontology of assistive devices, 2) Web accessibility and ICT accessibility for persons with disability (PWD), 3) Assistive technologies for blind and visually impaired people, 4) Assistive technologies for home comfort and care, 5) Assistive technologies for hearing impaired people using Indian sign language synthetic animations, 6) Augmentative and alternative communication/hearing impairments, 7) Accessibility innovations to help physically disabled users, 8) Adhesive tactile walking surface indicators for elderly and visually impaired people mobility, 9) future of assistive technologies. This book serves as a textbook resource for students undertaking modular courses that require learning material on computer assistive technology. It also serves as a reference for graduate level courses in disability studies, human-computer interaction, gerontology and rehabilitation engineering. Researchers working in the allied fields intersecting computer science, medicine and psychology will also benefit from the information provided in the book. Cover Title Copyright End User License Agreement Contents Preface List of Contributors Overview, Category and Ontology of Assistive Devices Arun Kumar G. Hiremath1,* and Nirmala C.R.1 INTRODUCTION Scope of the Assistive Technology Smart Self-management as a Means to Empower with Assistive Technology Who Adopts Assistive Technology? The Emergence of Assistive Technology Professional Practice in Assistive Technology The Features of Assistive Technology Categories No-Technology Devices Low-Technology Devices Mid and High Technology Devices Design Considerations for AT Evaluation of Functional Capabilities of Assistive Devices Possible Outcomes with AT Feature Matching Ontology of Assistive Devices General Purpose Assistive Technologies Performance Areas Assistive Technology for Manipulation and Control of the Environment Issues Associated with Assistive Technology Practice Attempts to Maximize the Accessibility and Affordability of Assistive Technology Research Trends and Future Research Directions CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES Accessibility of Software/Hardware Meenu Chandel1,* and Manu Sood1 BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION ACCESSIBILITY FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PWDS Visually Impaired Individuals Physically Challenged Individuals Deaf and/or Hearing Impaired Individuals HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ACCESSIBILITY FOR PWDS Hardware Options Software Options ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY DISABILITIES AND WEB ACCESSIBILITY DISABILITIES AND ICT ACCESSIBILITY Frequency of Using ICT Facilities Challenges Constraining Access to and Use of ICTs by the PwD Inadequate Friendliness Ineffective Training Provisions Power Supply Outages Outdated ICT Infrastructure Shortage of ICTs Experts and Technicians Internet Connectivity Results of Shortage of ICT Facilities RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFRENCES Computer Vision-Based Assistive Technology forBlind and Visually Impaired People: A DeepLearning Approach Assistive Technology for Home Comfort and Care Annu Rani1,*, Vishal Goyal1 and Lalit Goyal2 INTRODUCTION DISABILITY Types of Disabilities Blindness Low Vision Hearing Disability Dwarfism Intellectual Disability Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Mental Illness Locomotor Disability Leprosy Cured Persons Muscular Dystrophy (MD) Chronic Neurological Conditions Specific Learning Disability Multiple Sclerosis(MS) Speech and Language Disability Thalassemia Hemophilia Sickle Cell Disease Multiple Disabilities, including Deaf-Blindness Acid Attack Parkinson’s disease (PD) Cerebral Palsy (CP) COMMON BARRIERS FACED BY PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES Communication Problem Physical obstacles Social Obstacles Attitudinal barriers Transportation obstacles PRINCIPLES FOR PROVIDING ASSISTIVE DEVICES Availability Accessibility Affordability Adaptability Acceptability Quality ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR HOME RELAXATION AND CARE FOR DISABLED PEOPLE Mobility aids Listening and Hearing Aids Cognitive Devices Comforting Aids Limit Motor Skills Aids Vision Aids Home Security and Safety Daily Living Aids Computer Access Aids MOBILE APPS FOR ALL DISABILITIES BENEFITS OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVICES IN INDIVIDUAL'S LIFE CONCLUSION CONSENT OF PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Technologies for Hearing Impaired People UsingIndian Sign Language Synthetic Animations Augmentative and Alternative Communication/ Hearing Impairments Jestin Joy1,*, Kannan Balakrishnan2 and M Sreeraj3 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND Sign Language Recognition Sensor-based System Vision-based Systems Challenges and motivation of Sign Language Recognition Commonly used Sensors Different Recognition Models Sign Language Generation Data Science based AAC Solutions CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Hardware and Software-based Accessibility Innovations to Help Physically Disabled User Bhagvan Kommadi1,* INTRODUCTION ACCESSIBILITY FOR DIFFERENT DISABILITIES CRITICAL ELEMENTS - ACCESSIBILITY ECOSYSTEM Accessibility Device and Access Options Vision and Speech Accessibility Options Speech and Interaction Options Media and Learning Options DESIGNING FOR ACCESSIBILITY Web Accessibility Improvements BEST PRACTICES DIGITAL ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY PROJECT LIFECYCLE PLANNING FOR ACCESSIBILITY ACCESSIBILITY PLATFORM Disability - Assistive Technology Research GAPS CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Elderly and Visually Impaired People Mobility inHome Environment Using Adhesive TactileWalking Surface Indicators Assistive Technology Trends, Challenges and Future Directions Nancy Jasmine Goldena1,* and Thangapriya1 WHERE ARE WE NOW WITH ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY? The Evolution of AT Foundation Period (1800 – 1900) Establishment Period (1900-1972) Empowerment Period (1972-2010) Technologically Sophisticated Period(2011-present) Legal Mandates IMPORTANCE OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY Cognitive Disability Motor Disability Visual Disability Auditory Disability APPROACHES AND CRITICISMS IN THE CURRENT STUDY OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY Approaches of AT AT for Cognitive Disability AT for Motor Disability AT for Visual Disability AT for Auditory Disability Criticisms in Implementing AT LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY Lack of Awareness Lack of Governance Lack of Services Lack of Products Lack of Inaccessible Environments Lack of Human Resources Lack of Finance Assistive Technology’s Challenges Challenges in Availability Challenges in Accessibility Challenges in Affordability Challenges in Adaptability Challenges in Acceptability Challenges in Quality Challenges in Research Challenges in Policy Implementation Challenges in Multisectoral Action FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY Cognitive Disability Motor Disability Visual Disability Auditory Disability The Following are Some of the Most Recent AT Research Openings CONCLUSION CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION CONFLICT OF INTEREST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT REFERENCES Subject Index Back Cover