Human Anatomy And Physiology Laboratory Manual Fetal Pig Version 13th edition by Elaine Marieb

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Finish your studies.. Don’t quit!!! Also, upload every textbook you can get ;) Cover Inside Front Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents About the Authors Acknowledgments Preface to the Instructor THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION 1 The Language of Anatomy 1 Locating Body Regions 2 Practicing Using Correct Anatomical Terminology 3 Observing Sectioned Specimens 4 Identifying Organs in the Abdominopelvic Cavity 5 Locating Abdominopelvic Surface Regions Review Sheet 2 Organ Systems Overview 1 Observing External Structures 2 Examining the Oral Cavity 3 Opening the Ventral Body Cavity 4 Examining the Ventral Body Cavity 5 Examining the Human Torso Model Review Sheet THE MICROSCOPE AND ITS USES 3 The Microscope 1 Identifying the Parts of a Microscope 2 Viewing Objects Through the Microscope 3 Estimating the Diameter of the Microscope Field 4 Perceiving Depth 5 Preparing and Observing a Wet Mount Review Sheet THE CELL 4 The Cell: Anatomy and Division 1 Identifying Parts of a Cell 2 Identifying Components of a Plasma Membrane 3 Locating Organelles 4 Examining the Cell Model 5 Observing Various Cell Structures 6 Identifying the Mitotic Stages 7 “Chenille Stick” Mitosis Review Sheet 5 The Cell: Transport Mechanisms and Cell Permeability 1 Observing Diffusion of Dye Through Agar Gel 2 Observing Diffusion of Dye Through Water 3 Investigating Diffusion and Osmosis Through Nonliving Membranes 4 Observing Osmometer Results 5 Investigating Diffusion and Osmosis Through Living Membranes 6 Observing the Process of Filtration 7 Observing Phagocytosis Review Sheet HISTOLOGY: BASIC TISSUES OF THE BODY 6 Classification of Tissues 1 Examining Epithelial Tissue Under the Microscope 2 Examining Connective Tissue Under the Microscope 3 Examining Nervous Tissue Under the Microscope 4 Examining Muscle Tissue Under the Microscope Review Sheet THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 7 The Integumentary System 1 Locating Structures on a Skin Model 2 Identifying Nail Structures 3 Comparing Hairy and Relatively Hair-Free Skin Microscopically 4 Differentiating Sebaceous and Sweat Glands Microscopically 5 Plotting the Distribution of Sweat Glands 6 Taking and Identifying Inked Fingerprints Review Sheet THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 8 Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages 1 Examining a Long Bone 2 Examining the Effects of Heat and Hydrochloric Acid on Bones 3 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Compact Bone 4 Examining the Osteogenic Epiphyseal Plate Review Sheet 9 The Axial Skeleton 1 Identifying the Bones of the Skull Group Challenge Odd Bone Out 2 Palpating Skull Markings 3 Examining Spinal Curvatures 4 Examining Vertebral Structure 5 Examining the Relationship Between Ribs and Vertebrae 6 Examining a Fetal Skull Review Sheet 10 The Appendicular Skeleton 1 Examining and Identifying Bones of the Appendicular Skeleton 2 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb 3 Observing Pelvic Articulations 4 Comparing Male and Female Pelves 5 Palpating the Surface Anatomy of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb 6 Constructing a Skeleton Review Sheet 11 Articulations and Body Movements 1 Identifying Fibrous Joints 2 Identifying Cartilaginous Joints 3 Examining Synovial Joint Structure 4 Demonstrating the Importance of Friction-Reducing Structures 5 Demonstrating Movements of Synovial Joints 6 Demonstrating Actions at the Hip Joint 7 Demonstrating Actions at the Knee Joint 8 Demonstrating Actions at the Shoulder Joint 9 Examining the Action at the TMJ Review Sheet THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 12 Microscopic Anatomy and Organization of Skeletal Muscle 1 Examining Skeletal Muscle Cell Anatomy 2 Observing the Histological Structure of a Skeletal Muscle 3 Studying the Structure of a Neuromuscular Junction Review Sheet 13 Gross Anatomy of the Muscular System 1 Identifying Head and Neck Muscles 2 Identifying Muscles of the Trunk 3 Identifying Muscles of the Upper Limb 4 Identifying Muscles of the Lower Limb 5 Review of Human Musculature 6 Making a Muscle Painting Review Sheet 14 Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Frogs and Human Subjects 1 Observing Muscle Fiber Contraction 2 Inducing Contraction in the Frog Gastrocnemius Muscle 3 Demonstrating Muscle Fatigue in Humans 4 Electromyography in a Human Subject Using BIOPAC® Review Sheet THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 15 Histology of Nervous Tissue 1 Identifying Parts of a Neuron 2 Studying the Microscopic Structure of Selected Neurons 3 Examining the Microscopic Structure of a Nerve Review Sheet 16 Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: Frog Subjects 1 Stimulating the Nerve Review Sheet 17 Gross Anatomy of the Brain and Cranial Nerves 1 Identifying External Brain Structures 2 Identifying Internal Brain Structures 3 Identifying and Testing the Cranial Nerves Group Challenge Odd (Cranial) Nerve Out Review Sheet 18 Electroencephalography 1 Observing Brain Wave Patterns Using an Oscilloscope or Physiograph 2 Electroencephalography Using BIOPAC® Review Sheet 19 The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 1 Identifying Structures of the Spinal Cord 2 Identifying Spinal Cord Tracts 3 Identifying the Major Nerve Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves Review Sheet 20 The Autonomic Nervous System 1 Locating the Sympathetic Trunk 2 Comparing Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Effects 3 Exploring the Galvanic Skin Response (Electrodermal Activity) Within a Polygraph Using BIOPAC® Review Sheet 21 Human Reflex Physiology 1 Initiating Stretch Reflexes 2 Initiating the Crossed-Extensor Reflex 3 Initiating the Plantar Reflex 4 Initiating the Corneal Reflex 5 Initiating the Gag Reflex 6 Initiating Pupillary Reflexes 7 Initiating the Ciliospinal Reflex 8 Initiating the Salivary Reflex 9 Testing Reaction Time for Intrinsic and Learned Reflexes 10 Measuring Reaction Time Using BIOPAC Review Sheet 22 General Sensation 1 Studying the Structure of Selected Sensory Receptors 2 Determining the Two-Point Threshold 3 Testing Tactile Localization 4 Demonstrating Adaptation of Touch Receptors 5 Demonstrating Adaptation of Temperature Receptors 6 Demonstrating the Phenomenon of Referred Pain Review Sheet 23 Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System 1 Identifying Accessory Eye Structures 2 Identifying Internal Structures of the Eye 3 Studying the Microscopic Anatomy of the Retina 4 Predicting the Effects of Visual Pathway Lesions Review Sheet 24 Special Senses: Visual Tests and Experiments 1 Demonstrating the Blind Spot 2 Determining Near Point of Vision 3 Testing Visual Acuity 4 Testing for Astigmatism 5 Testing for Color Blindness 6 Testing for Depth Perception 7 Demonstrating Reflex Activity of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Eye Muscles 8 Conducting an Ophthalmoscopic Examination Review Sheet 25 Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium 1 Identifying Structures of the Ear 2 Examining the Ear with an Otoscope (Optional) 3 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Cochlea 4 Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing 5 Audiometry Testing 6 Examining the Microscopic Structure of the Crista Ampullaris 7 Conducting Laboratory Tests on Equilibrium Review Sheet 26 Special Senses: Olfaction and Taste 1 Microscopic Examination of the Olfactory Epithelium 2 Microscopic Examination of Taste Buds 3 Stimulating Taste Buds 4 Examining the Combined Effects of Smell, Texture, and Temperature on Taste 5 Assessing the Importance of Taste and Olfaction in Odor Identification 6 Demonstrating Olfactory Adaptation Review Sheet THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 27 Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands 1 Identifying the Endocrine Organs 2 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Endocrine Glands Group Challenge Odd Hormone Out Review Sheet 28 Endocrine Wet Labs and Human Metabolism 1 Determining the Effect of Pituitary Hormones on the Ovary 2 Observing the Effects of Hyperinsulinism Group Challenge Thyroid Hormone Case Studies Review Sheet THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 29 Blood 1 Determining the Physical Characteristics of Plasma 2 Examining the Formed Elements of Blood Microscopically 3 Conducting a Differential WBC Count 4 Determining the Hematocrit 5 Determining Hemoglobin Concentration 6 Determining Coagulation Time 7 Typing for ABO and Rh Blood Groups 8 Observing Demonstration Slides 9 Measuring Plasma Cholesterol Concentration Review Sheet 30 Anatomy of the Heart 1 Using the Heart Model to Study Heart Anatomy 2 Tracing the Path of Blood Through the Heart 3 Using the Heart Model to Study Cardiac Circulation 4 Examining Cardiac Muscle Tissue Anatomy Review Sheet 31 Conduction System of the Heart and Electrocardiography 1A Recording ECGs Using a Standard ECG Apparatus 1B Electrocardiography Using BIOPAC® Review Sheet 32 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 1 Examining the Microscopic Structure of Arteries and Veins 2 Locating Arteries on an Anatomical Chart or Model 3 Identifying the Systemic Veins 4 Identifying Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation Group Challenge Fix the Blood Trace 5 Tracing the Pathway of Fetal Blood Flow 6 Tracing the Hepatic Portal Circulation Review Sheet 33 Human Cardiovascular Physiology: Blood Pressure and Pulse Determinations 1 Auscultating Heart Sounds 2 Palpating Superficial Pulse Points 3 Measuring Pulse Using BIOPAC® 4 Taking an Apical Pulse 5 Using a Sphygmomanometer to Measure Arterial Blood Pressure Indirectly 6 Estimating Venous Pressure 7 Observing the Effect of Various Factors on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate 8 Examining the Effect of Local Chemical and Physical Factors on Skin Color Review Sheet 34 Frog Cardiovascular Physiology 1 Investigating the Automaticity and Rhythmicity of Heart Muscle 2 Recording Baseline Frog Heart Activity 3 Investigating the Refractory Period of Cardiac Muscle Using the Physiograph 4 Assessing Physical and Chemical Modifiers of Heart Rate 5 Investigating the Effect of Various Factors on the Microcirculation Review Sheet 35 The Lymphatic System and Immune Response 1 Identifying the Organs of the Lymphatic System 2 Studying the Microscopic Anatomy of a Lymph Node, the Spleen, and a Tonsil Group Challenge Compare and Contrast Lymphoid Organs and Tissues 3 Using the Ouchterlony Technique to Identify Antigens Review Sheet THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 36 Anatomy of the Respiratory System 1 Identifying Respiratory System Organs 2 Demonstrating Lung Inflation in a Sheep Pluck 3 Examining Prepared Slides of Trachea and Lung Tissue Review Sheet 37 Respiratory System Physiology 1 Operating the Model Lung 2 Auscultating Respiratory Sounds 3 Measuring Respiratory Volumes Using Spirometers 4 Measuring the FVC and FEV1 5 Measuring Respiratory Volumes Using BIOPAC® 6 Visualizing Respiratory Variations 7 Demonstrating the Reaction Between Carbon Dioxide (in Exhaled Air) and Water 8 Observing the Operation of Standard Buffers 9 Exploring the Operation of the Carbonic Acid–Bicarbonate Buffer System Review Sheet THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 38 Anatomy of the Digestive System 1 Identifying Alimentary Canal Organs 2 Studying the Histologic Structure of the Stomach and the Esophagus-Stomach Junction 3 Observing the Histologic Structure of the Small Intestine 4 Examining the Histologic Structure of the Large Intestine 5 Identifying Types of Teeth 6 Studying Microscopic Tooth Anatomy 7 Examining Salivary Gland Tissue 8 Examining the Histology of the Liver Review Sheet 39 Digestive System Processes: Chemical and Physical 1 Assessing Starch Digestion by Salivary Amylase 2 Assessing Protein Digestion by Trypsin 3 Demonstrating the Emulsification Action of Bile and Assessing Fat Digestion by Lipase 4 Reporting Results and Conclusions Group Challenge Odd Enzyme Out 5 Observing Movements and Sounds of the Digestive System 6 Viewing Segmental and Peristaltic Movements Review Sheet THE URINARY SYSTEM 40 Anatomy of the Urinary System 1 Identifying Urinary System Organs 2 Studying Nephron Structure 3 Studying Bladder Structure Group Challenge Urinary System Sequencing Review Sheet 41 Urinalysis 1 Analyzing Urine Samples 2 Analyzing Urine Sediment Microscopically (Optional) Review Sheet THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM, DEVELOPMENT, AND HEREDITY 42 Anatomy of the Reproductive System 1 Identifying Male Reproductive Organs 2 Penis 3 Seminal Gland 4 Epididymis 5 Identifying Female Reproductive Organs 6 Wall of the Uterus 7 Uterine Tube Review Sheet 43 Physiology of Reproduction: Gametogenesis and the Female Cycles 1 Identifying Meiotic Phases and Structures 2 Examining Events of Spermatogenesis 3 Examining Meiotic Events Microscopically 4 Examining Oogenesis in the Ovary 5 Comparing and Contrasting Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis 6 Observing Histological Changes in the Endometrium During the Menstrual Cycle Review Sheet 44 Survey of Embryonic Development 1 Microscopic Study of Sea Urchin Development 2 Examining the Stages of Human Development 3 Identifying Fetal Structures 4 Studying Placental Structure Review Sheet 45 Principles of Heredity 1 Working Out Crosses Involving Dominant and Recessive Genes 2 Working Out Crosses Involving Incomplete Dominance 3 Working Out Crosses Involving Sex-Linked Inheritance 4 Exploring Probability 5 Using Blood Type to Explore Phenotypes and Genotypes 6 Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Identify Normal Hemoglobin, Sickle Cell Anemia, and Sickle Cell Trait Review Sheet SURFACE ANATOMY 46 Surface Anatomy Roundup 1 Palpating Landmarks of the Head 2 Palpating Landmarks of the Neck 3 Palpating Landmarks of the Trunk 4 Palpating Landmarks of the Abdomen 5 Palpating Landmarks of the Upper Limb 6 Palpating Landmarks of the Lower Limb Review Sheet PIG DISSECTION EXERCISES 1 Dissection and Identification of Fetal Pig Muscles 2 Dissection of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves of the Fetal Pig 3 Identification of Selected Endocrine Organs of the Fetal Pig 4 Dissection of Blood Vessels and Main Lymphatic Ducts of the Fetal Pig 5 Dissection of the Respiratory System of the Fetal Pig 6 Dissection of the Digestive System of the Fetal Pig 7 Dissection of the Urinary System of the Fetal Pig 8 Dissection of the Reproductive System of the Fetal Pig PHYSIOEX 9.1 COMPUTER SIMULATIONS 1 Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology 3 Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses 4 Endocrine System Physiology 5 Cardiovascular Dynamics 6 Cardiovascular Physiology 7 Respiratory System Mechanics 8 Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion 9 Renal System Physiology 10 Acid-Base Balance 11 Blood Analysis 12 Serological Testing Credits Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Inside Back Cover