Hydraulic & Hydrologic Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications

Description

This book is the culmination of over 40 years of teaching, research, consulting, and international technology transfer activities. It consists of seven chapters with coverage including pipeline design, design safety, design of pumping systems, deep well turbine and submersible pumps characteristics, open channels, hydrology and design of culverts, and flow measurement devices. Some of the practical examples in this book are derived from field experience with water resource related industries at national and international levels. Features: Provides numerous examples related to design and management of hydraulic structures. Includes various design examples for pipelines, open channels, culverts, and other hydraulic structures. Describes various types of pumps used in the industry and provides examples of how to design pump station and intake and outlet structures for various scenarios. Hydraulic & Hydrologic Engineering: Fundamentals and Applications serves as a useful resource for teaching advanced engineering topics to upper-level undergraduate civil engineering students. The design-oriented coverage will also serve professionals involved in design and management of water resources and related industries. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Author’s Biography Chapter 1: Pipeline Design 1.1 Dimensions Associated with Common Physical Quantities 1.2 Summary of Equations 1.2.1 Empirical Equations 1.3 Principles of Hydraulics 1.3.1 Conservation of Energy 1.3.2 Conservation of Mass (Continuity) 1.3.3 Conservation of Forces 1.4 Reynolds Number 1.5 Friction Loss 1.6 Mathematical Equation for Moody Diagram 1.6.1 Darcy’s Friction Loss Equation 1.7 Empirical Closed-Form Solution of Energy Conservation Equation ( Equation (1.2)) 1.7.1 Hazen–William Equation 1.7.2 Manning Equation 1.7.3 Energy Grade Line (EGL) and Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL) 1.8 Calculating Minor Losses 1.8.1 Sudden Contraction 1.8.2 Gradual Contraction 1.8.3 Entrance Losses 1.8.4 Sudden Enlargement 1.8.5 Loss of Head through Valves 1.8.6 Minor Loss through Bends 1.9 Design Principles 1.10 Simplified Pipe Economics References Chapter 2: Design Safety 2.1 Summary Equations 2.2 Design Criteria 2.2.1 Pipe Safety 2.3 Water Hammer Phenomenon in Pipelines 2.3.1 Calculating Pressure Tolerance 2.3.2 Examples 2.3.3 Preventive and Mitigating Measures for Pipe Failure Due to Water Hammer 2.4 Calculating Collapse Strength 2.4.1 Collapse Strength for PVC 2.4.2 Collapse Strength of Steel Casing 2.4.3 Boussinesq’s Formula for Point Loads 2.4.4 Preventive Measures to Avoid Pipe Collapse 2.5 Failure Due to Freezing 2.5.1 Preventive Measures for Freezing 2.6 Preventive and Mitigating Measures for Pipe Safety 2.6.1 Excessive Internal Pressure 2.6.2 Excessive Collapse Pressure Reference Chapter 3: Design of Pumping Systems 3.1 Summary Equations 3.2 Classification of Pumps 3.3 Pump Design 3.3.1 Pump Design Criteria 3.3.2 Pump Equations 3.3.3 Pump Characteristic Curves 3.3.4 Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR) 3.4 Types of Pumps 3.5 Operating Cost 3.5.1 Electric Power 3.5.2 Fuel Power 3.5.3 Pump Economics 3.6 Pumps in Series 3.7 Pumps in Parallel 3.8 Pump Intake and Discharge Structure 3.9 Outlet Design 3.10 Municipal System Design 3.10.1 System Normal Pressure 3.10.2 Pump Capacity 3.10.3 Fire Pressure 3.10.4 Pump Design 3.10.5 Reservoir Design Chapter 4: Deep-Well Turbine and Submersible Pump Curves 4.1 Deep-Well Turbine Pumps 4.2 Submersible Pumps Chapter 5: Open-Channel Hydraulics 5.1 Summary Equations 5.2 The Energy Principle in Open Channels 5.2.1 Alternate Flow Depths 5.3 Trapezoidal Channel 5.4 Circular Channel 5.4.1 Applications of the Energy Equation in Open Channel 5.5 Critical Flow 5.6 Applications of Critical Flow 5.7 The Momentum Principle in Open Channels 5.8 Application of the Momentum Principle in a Hydraulic Jump 5.9 Change in Momentum 5.10 Non-uniform Flow (Gradually Varied Flow) 5.11 Normal Depth 5.12 Critical Depth 5.13 Free Fall 5.14 Calculation of Flow Dimensions in a Circular Channel 5.15 Design Criteria for Open Channel 5.16 Recommended Side Slope 5.17 Recommended Velocities 5.18 Freeboard References Chapter 6: Hydrology and Design of Culverts 6.1 Hydrology and Runoff 6.1.1 Watershed Characteristics 6.1.2 Time of Concentration 6.1.3 Drainage Area 6.2 Culvert Design 6.2.1 Hydraulics of Culverts 6.2.2 What Makes a Good Culvert 6.3 Types of Culverts 6.3.1 Culverts with Inlet Control 6.3.2 Culverts with Outlet Control 6.4 Hydraulic Conditions and Definitions 6.4.1 Inlet Control 6.4.2 Outlet Control 6.5 Hydraulics of Outlet-Controlled Culvert 6.6 Hydraulics of Inlet-Controlled Culvert Chapter 7: Simple Flow Measurement Structures 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Principles of Flow Measurements in Open Channels 7.3 Simplified Flumes 7.4 Circular Flumes ( Samani et al., 1991) 7.4.1 Design Example of a Circular Flume 7.5 S–M Flume ( Samani and Magallanez, 2000) 7.5.1 Design Example of an S–M Flume 7.5.2 Alternate Solutions 7.6 Trapezoidal Flumes 7.6.1 Design Example of a Trapezoidal Flume 7.6.2 Alternate Solution 7.7 General Design Recommendations References Index