Machine-Type Communication for Maritime Internet-of-Things: From Concept to Practice (Wireless Networks)

Description

This book introduces the concept of machine-type communication (MTC) for maritime Internet of Things. The first part of the book portrays a maritime MTC system from an architectural perspective and describes an MTC framework and the fundamental components, laying out a foundation that leads to an ultimate solution to the maritime IoT requirements and challenges. The second part ties together all discussed in the first part and demonstrates how to apply it to a practical system through a realistic design example based on an international maritime mobile spectrum. The book serves as a comprehensive tutorial of the maritime MTC from the top (the network architecture) to the bottom (the air/radio interface and regulatory radio spectrum constraints), guiding readers to an easier understanding of the maritime MTC-related issues and the rationale behind the design. The primary readers of this book include maritime communication engineers, maritime IoT professionals, maritime academia, and the general MTC and IoT communities. Presents the concept of machine-type communication (MTC) for maritime Internet of Things (IoT) and its services, requirements, and challenges;Explains space-earth-integrated maritime machine-type communication system architecture with a comparison with its land counterpart;Sets out a comprehensive framework and details the ways to implement it on a practical radio spectrum;Includes maritime MTC radio spectrum and regulations, network design, protocol design, and air interface design. Preface Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Maritime Internet of Things 1.1.1 Search and Rescue 1.1.2 Aid to Navigation 1.1.3 Ship Reporting 1.1.4 Vessel Traffic Service 1.1.5 Container Tracking 1.1.6 Route Exchange and Collision Avoidance 1.1.7 Smart Navigation and Environment Protection 1.1.8 Marine Environment Monitoring and Sensor Network 1.2 A Brief History of Maritime Communications 1.3 Maritime Machine-Type Communication 1.4 MTC Requirements and Challenges 1.4.1 Ubiquitous Connectivity and Service Continuity 1.4.2 Traffic Nonuniformity 1.4.3 Service-Centricity and Adaptability 1.4.4 Device Heterogeneity 1.4.5 Simplicity and Robustness 1.4.6 Capacity and Scalability 1.4.7 Interoperability 1.4.8 Radio Spectrum Internationality 1.5 Summary References Chapter 2: System Architecture 2.1 Architecture 2.2 Communication Topologies 2.2.1 Ad hoc Communication 2.2.1.1 Random Medium Access 2.2.1.2 Sensing-Based Medium Access 2.2.2 Infrastructure-Based Communication 2.2.2.1 Centralized Medium Access 2.2.2.2 Frequency- and Time-Division Duplexing 2.3 Wireless Networks 2.3.1 Satellite Communication Networks 2.3.2 Terrestrial Communication Networks 2.3.3 Proximity Communication Networks 2.4 Applicability of Existing MTC Technologies References Chapter 3: Protocol Structure 3.1 Protocols and Layering 3.2 Maritime MTC Protocol Structure 3.2.1 Network Layer 3.2.2 Data Link Layer 3.2.2.1 Layer Adaptation 3.2.2.2 Medium Access and Reliability Control 3.2.3 Physical Layer 3.2.4 Cross-Layer Optimization 3.2.5 Application Traffic and Control Traffic 3.3 Protocol Layer Channels 3.3.1 Socket Channels 3.3.2 Socket Group Channels 3.3.3 Logical Channels 3.3.4 Physical Channels 3.4 Protocol Layer Data Units 3.4.1 Network Layer PDU 3.4.2 Data Link Layer PDU 3.4.2.1 RLC PDU 3.4.2.2 MAC PDU 3.4.2.3 MAC PDU Scheduler 3.4.3 Physical Layer PDU Chapter 4: Network Structure 4.1 Functional Components 4.1.1 Network Controller 4.1.2 Maritime Application Server 4.1.3 Control Station 4.2 Control Plane and Application Plane 4.2.1 Control Plane 4.2.2 Application Plane 4.2.2.1 Server and Client Address Resolution 4.2.2.2 Service Delivery References Chapter 5: Air Interface 5.1 Transceiver Structure 5.1.1 Radio Waves and Spectrum 5.1.2 Antenna 5.1.3 Power Amplifier 5.1.4 Power Supply 5.1.5 Baseband and Passband Signals 5.1.6 Synchronization Source 5.2 Modulation 5.2.1 Phase and Amplitude Modulation 5.2.1.1 Modulation Symbol 5.2.1.2 Matched Filter 5.2.1.3 Effects of a Radio Channel 5.2.1.4 Error Vector Magnitude 5.2.1.5 PAPR 5.2.2 Frequency Modulation 5.2.3 Orthogonal Code Modulation 5.2.4 Single-Carrier and Multi-Carrier Modulations 5.3 Channel Coding 5.3.1 The Need for Channel Coding 5.3.2 Error Detection Coding 5.3.3 Forward Error Correction Coding 5.3.3.1 Convolutional Code 5.3.3.2 Turbo Code 5.4 Adaptive Modulation and Coding 5.4.1 Spectral Efficiency and MCS 5.4.2 MCS Selection 5.4.3 Radio Link Condition and Feedback 5.5 Automatic Retransmission Request 5.5.1 Retransmission with Simple-Repetition 5.5.2 Circular Retransmission 5.6 Timing and Carrier Synchronization 5.6.1 Timing Synchronization 5.6.2 Carrier Synchronization 5.7 Mobile Station Categorization 5.7.1 Category 1 Mobile Stations 5.7.2 Category 2 Mobile Stations 5.7.3 Category 3 Mobile Stations 5.7.4 Category 4 Mobile Stations References Chapter 6: Radio Spectrum 6.1 Spectrum and Interference 6.1.1 Spectrum Management 6.1.2 Interference 6.2 The Proximity Communication Spectrum 6.3 The Terrestrial Communication Spectrum 6.4 The Satellite Communication Spectrum 6.4.1 PFD Mask Derivation 6.4.1.1 Field Strength Constraint (FSC) 6.4.1.2 Carrier-to-Interference Constraint (C/I) 6.5 Spectrum Sharing 6.6 FDD vs. TDD 6.6.1 VDE-TER 6.6.2 VDE-SAT References Chapter 7: Proximity Air Interface Design 7.1 Medium Access for Proximity Communication 7.1.1 Random TDMA 7.1.2 Carrier-Sensing TDMA 7.1.3 Self-organized TDMA 7.1.3.1 Selection Window 7.1.3.2 Sensing Window and Resource Map 7.1.3.3 Slot Selection 7.1.3.4 Selection Period and Re-selection 7.2 AIS Air Interface 7.2.1 Transmission Burst 7.2.2 Data Frame 7.2.3 Pitfalls 7.3 ASM Air Interface 7.3.1 Network Layer 7.3.2 Data Link Layer 7.3.2.1 Burst Configuration 7.3.2.2 Automatic Retransmission Request (ARQ) 7.3.2.3 Distributed Medium Access Control 7.3.3 Physical Layer 7.3.3.1 Physical Channels PSCH PTCH 7.3.3.2 Transmission Burst References Chapter 8: Terrestrial Air Interface Design 8.1 VDE-TER for Terrestrial MTC 8.2 Network Layer 8.2.1 Radio Resource and Interference Management 8.2.2 Air Interface Configuration 8.3 Data Link Layer 8.3.1 Resource Block and Frame 8.3.1.1 Resource Block 8.3.1.2 Resource Frame 8.3.2 MAC Protocols and PDUs 8.3.2.1 Resource Assignment 8.3.2.2 Transmission Error Control 8.3.2.3 Random Access 8.3.2.4 Paging 8.3.2.5 Resource Block Configuration 8.3.3 Transmission Procedure 8.4 Physical Layer 8.4.1 Physical Layer PDUs 8.4.2 Physical Channels and Bursts 8.4.2.1 Waveform Selection Single-Carrier vs. Multi-carrier Bandwidth 8.4.2.2 Burst Structure Downlink and Uplink Bursts Traffic and Signaling Bursts 8.4.2.3 Downlink Link Budget 8.4.2.4 Uplink Link Budget 8.4.2.5 Transmit Power Control 8.4.2.6 Transmit Timing Control 8.4.3 Interference Mitigation 8.4.3.1 Signal Ambiguity 8.4.3.2 Signal Whitening and Discrimination 8.4.3.3 Signal Disambiguation 8.4.3.4 Scrambling Code Coordination ASM 8.4.3.5 Coordinated Transmission and Reception Chapter 9: Satellite Air Interface Design 9.1 Waveform and Bandwidth 9.1.1 Waveform 9.1.2 Bandwidth 9.2 Resource Frame 9.2.1 Downlink 9.2.2 Uplink 9.3 Transmission Timing 9.3.1 Effect of Propagation Delays 9.3.2 Timing Advance 9.3.2.1 Timing with UTC 9.3.2.2 Timing Without UTC 9.3.3 The MAC Timing Control Protocol 9.3.4 Timing for VDE-TER and ASM 9.4 TDD and Half-Duplex FDD 9.4.1 TDD 9.4.2 Half-Duplex FDD Chapter 10: Concluding Remarks Index