Reticulate Evolution Symbiogenesis, Lateral Gene Transfer, Hybridization and Infectious Heredity

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14 Epilogue: The Insightful Proponent of Symbiogenesis and the Concept of the Holobiont, Lynn MargulisReferences; Can We Understand Evolution Without Symbiogenesis? ; Abstract ; 1 Introduction; 2 Roots and Paths of Symbiogenesis; 3 The "Big One" and the Concept of the Symbiogenic Superorganism; 4 The Symbiogenic Theory of Evolution; 5 Conclusion; 6 Main Milestones in Symbiogenic Studies Until 2003; References; Novel Endosymbioses as a Catalyst of Fast Speciation ; Abstract ; 1 Endosymbiosis in a Symbiotic World; 2 Widespread Co-evolution Between Endosymbionts and Multicellular Hosts.;3 Fitness Consequences of the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts4 Secondary Endobacteria are Horizontally Transmitted Between Hosts; 5 Endosymbiont-Associated Traits are Transferred to the New Host and Maintained by Bacterial Vertical Transmission; 6 Host Speciation and Endosymbiont-Induced Novelties; 7 Closing the Circle: From a Different Organism to a New Lineage; References; Historical and Epistemological Perspectives on What Horizontal Gene Transfer Mechanisms Contribute to Our Understanding of Evolution ; Abstract ; 1 Introduction; 2 Reticulate Evolution and Webs of Life.;Preface and Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; Reticulate Evolution Everywhere ; Abstract ; 1 Reticulate Evolution: Patterns, Processes, Mechanisms; 1.1 Symbiosis; 1.2 Symbiogenesis; 1.3 Horizontal or Lateral Gene Transfer; 1.4 Hybridization; 1.5 Infectious Heredity in Health, Disease and Evolution; 2 Introduction to the Chapters; 3 Reticulate Evolution, the Modern, and the Extended Synthesis; References; Symbiosis-Evolution's Co-Author ; Abstract ; 1 Introduction; 2 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Symbiosis; 3 Algal Phylogeny: Showcase for Genetic Novelty Through Symbiosis.;4 Outdated Symbiosis Definition5 Symbiosis Redefined More Concretely and as a Better Reality Fit; 6 Ecosystem Thinking Replaces Compartmentalizing; 7 Symbiogenesis Rooted in Lamarck, Darwin, and Kozo-Polyansky; 8 Holobiont Selection Allows for More Rapid Adaptation and Greater Fitness; 9 Symbiogenic Foundation of Earth Biomes; 10 Anthropogenic Threats to Holobiont Global Ecology; 11 Symbiosis as an Ancient Strategy in Evolution; 12 The Human Microbiome: A Centerpiece of Symbiogenesis; 13 Summary.;2.1 Molecular Phylogenetics and the Origin of Life2.2 First Usage of the Terms HGT and Reticulate Evolution; 2.3 Was Darwin Wrong?; 2.4 Conclusion to Part 1; 3 Mechanisms of HGT; 3.1 History of Infectious Disease: The Origin of HGT Research in Symbiology, Ecology, Developmental Biology, and the Biomedical Sciences; 3.2 Bacterial Transformation; 3.2.1 Griffith's Inoculation Experiments; 3.2.2 The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiments; 3.3 Bacterial Conjugation; 3.3.1 Bacterial Conjugation and the Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance; 3.4 Phage-Mediated Transduction. Preface and Acknowledgments Contents Contributors Reticulate Evolution Everywhere Abstract 1 Reticulate Evolution: Patterns, Processes, Mechanisms 1.1 Symbiosis 1.2 Symbiogenesis 1.3 Horizontal or Lateral Gene Transfer 1.4 Hybridization 1.5 Infectious Heredity in Health, Disease and Evolution 2 Introduction to the Chapters 3 Reticulate Evolution, the Modern, and the Extended Synthesis References Symbiosis-Evolution's Co-Author Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Symbiosis 3 Algal Phylogeny: Showcase for Genetic Novelty Through Symbiosis. 4 Outdated Symbiosis Definition5 Symbiosis Redefined More Concretely and as a Better Reality Fit 6 Ecosystem Thinking Replaces Compartmentalizing 7 Symbiogenesis Rooted in Lamarck, Darwin, and Kozo-Polyansky 8 Holobiont Selection Allows for More Rapid Adaptation and Greater Fitness 9 Symbiogenic Foundation of Earth Biomes 10 Anthropogenic Threats to Holobiont Global Ecology 11 Symbiosis as an Ancient Strategy in Evolution 12 The Human Microbiome: A Centerpiece of Symbiogenesis 13 Summary. 14 Epilogue: The Insightful Proponent of Symbiogenesis and the Concept of the Holobiont, Lynn MargulisReferences Can We Understand Evolution Without Symbiogenesis? Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Roots and Paths of Symbiogenesis 3 The "Big One" and the Concept of the Symbiogenic Superorganism 4 The Symbiogenic Theory of Evolution 5 Conclusion 6 Main Milestones in Symbiogenic Studies Until 2003 References Novel Endosymbioses as a Catalyst of Fast Speciation Abstract 1 Endosymbiosis in a Symbiotic World 2 Widespread Co-evolution Between Endosymbionts and Multicellular Hosts. 3 Fitness Consequences of the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts4 Secondary Endobacteria are Horizontally Transmitted Between Hosts 5 Endosymbiont-Associated Traits are Transferred to the New Host and Maintained by Bacterial Vertical Transmission 6 Host Speciation and Endosymbiont-Induced Novelties 7 Closing the Circle: From a Different Organism to a New Lineage References Historical and Epistemological Perspectives on What Horizontal Gene Transfer Mechanisms Contribute to Our Understanding of Evolution Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reticulate Evolution and Webs of Life. 2.1 Molecular Phylogenetics and the Origin of Life2.2 First Usage of the Terms HGT and Reticulate Evolution 2.3 Was Darwin Wrong? 2.4 Conclusion to Part 1 3 Mechanisms of HGT 3.1 History of Infectious Disease: The Origin of HGT Research in Symbiology, Ecology, Developmental Biology, and the Biomedical Sciences 3.2 Bacterial Transformation 3.2.1 Griffith's Inoculation Experiments 3.2.2 The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiments 3.3 Bacterial Conjugation 3.3.1 Bacterial Conjugation and the Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance 3.4 Phage-Mediated Transduction.