Energy policies of IEA Countries

Description

Between 1929 and 1932 the Soviet Communist Party struck a double blow at the peasantry of the USSR: dekulakisation, the dispossession and deportation of millions of peasant families; and collectivisation, the effective abolition of private property in land and the concentration of the remaining peasantry in 'collective' farms under Party control. There followed a 'terror-famine', inflicted on the collectivised peasants of the Ukraine and certain other regions by the state, which set impossibly high quotas, removed every other source of food, and prevented outside help - even from other areas of the USSR - from reaching the starving millions. Epic in scope and rich in detail, The Harvest of Sorrow tells the moving story of a disaster that was, in human terms, one of the worst in living memory. Energy Policies of IEA Countries : Poland 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND BOXES 1. Executive summary and key recommendations Executive summary Transforming the energy system Strengthening energy security Key recommendations Part I Policy analysis 2. General energy policy Country overview Economy Supply and demand Supply Demand Institutions Key policies Policy objectives EPP 2030 Strategy for Energy Security and Environment Polish National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change National Transport Development Strategy to 2020 Taxation Energy security Oil Natural gas Electricity Local air quality Assessment 3. Energy and the environment Greenhouse gas emissions overview Energy-related CO2 emissions Sources of emissions Carbon intensity Projected emissions Institutions Policies and measures European Union targets and policies EU ETS The EU Effort Sharing Decision The National Green Investment Scheme International flexibility mechanisms Domestic policies and measures Strategy for Energy Security and Environment Adaptation to climate change Local air quality Assessment 4. Energy efficiency Overview Energy intensity EU policy framework Energy use in industry Energy consumption and intensity Policies and measures White certificate scheme Energy audits Residential and commercial Energy consumption and intensity Policies and measures Transport Policies and measures Special focus: Electrification of the Polish transport sector Benefits and challenges for EVs EV market development Policy instruments National EV policy examples Infrastructure development EV development in Poland District heating Demand and supply Heat consumption Supply Policies and regulation Assessment Industry Residential and commercial Transport District heating Industry Residential and commercial Transport and electro-mobility District heating Part II Sector analysis 5. Electricity Overview Supply and demand Electricity Generation Imports and exports Electricity consumption Institutions and regulatory framework Market structure Generation Transmission and distribution Transmission Network access Ancillary services Market coupling Demand-side management Cross-border transmission Distribution Distributed and variable renewable power integration Smart grids Wholesale market REMIT Capacity allocation and market coupling Security of supply Emergency resources, generation reserves Demand-side policies Emergency management and restoration Transmission System Operator Security Co-operation Power system security performance Retail market and prices Prices Assessment 6. Renewable energy Overview Supply and demand Renewable energy in TPES Electricity from renewable energy Biofuels and waste Policy framework National plans Domestic policies and measures Renewables obligation Reform of the renewables obligation Support for micro-generators Provisions for existing generators New legislation in 2016 The Act on Windfarms Other measures Grid access Heating and cooling National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management Transport fuels Assessment Recommendations 7. Nuclear energy Overview Nuclear policy Institutions Recent and anticipated policy developments Regulatory framework Assessment Recommendations 8. Coal Overview Supply and demand Supply Demand Reserves Coal trade Structure of the coal sector Institutions Industry structure Spółka Restrukturyzacji Kopalń S.A. Other publicly owned players The privately owned mining sector Lignite Government policies and restructuring of the sector Clean coal technologies Coal power generation Carbon capture and storage Coal mine methane Local air quality Assessment 9. Natural gas Overview Supply and demand Supply Demand Natural gas transit Institutions Industry structure LNG Transmission TSO The transmission system Storage Distribution Ten-year network development plans Network tariffs Wholesale market and gas exchange obligation Wholesale market Emergency response policy Prices and taxes Price levels Retail market competitiveness Assessment 10. Oil Overview Supply and demand Supply Demand Exploration and production Infrastructure Refining Ports and pipelines Storage Market structure Exploration and production Midstream Downstream Oil use in road transport sector Emergency preparedness Emergency response policy National Emergency Strategy Organisation Stockholding regime Drawdown procedures Financing and monitoring Oil demand restraint and other oil emergency response measures Prices and taxes Assessment Part III Energy technology 11. Energy technology research, development and demonstration Overview Institutions Programmes 2011 national research programme Major energy programmes Advanced technologies for energy production Blue Gas – Support Programme for Shale Gas Technologies BIOSTRATEG GEKON – Generator of Ecological Concepts Programme Other Monitoring and evaluation Public funding International collaboration Assessment Part III ANNEXES ANNEX A: Organisation of the review Review criteria Review team Organisations visited ANNEX B: Energy balances and key statistical data Footnotes to energy balances and key statistical data ANNEX C: International Energy Agency “Shared Goals” ANNEX D: Glossary and list of abbreviations Units of measurement