Garden Plants Taxonomy: Volume 2: Angiosperms (Eudicots)

Description

Horticulture has remained far behind in understanding of botanical principles. Recent phylogenetic (DNA-based) reorganization of higher plants has revolutionized taxonomic treatments of all biological entities, even when morphology does not completely agree with their organization. This book is an example of applying principals of botanical phylogenetic taxonomy to assemble genera, species, and cultivars of 200 vascular plant families of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms that are cultivated for enhancement of human living space; homes, gardens, and parks. The emphases are on cultivated species but examples of some plants are often shown in the wild and in landscapes. In providing descriptions, it is assumed that students and other interested individuals have no background in general botany (plant characteristics), or nomenclature. Fundamental features of all plant groups discussed are fully illustrated by original watercolor drawings or photographs.  Discussion of the families is grounded on recent botanical phylogenetic treatments, which is based on common ancestry (monophyly). Of course, phylogenetic taxonomy is not a new concept, and was originally based on morphological characteristics; it is the DNA-based phylogeny that has revolutionized modern biological classifications. In practical terms, this book represents the horticultural treatment that corresponds to phylogenetic-based botanical taxonomy, to which is added cultigens and cultivated genera and species. Hence, the harmony between horticultural and botanical taxonomy.  This book covers phylogenetic-based taxonomy of Angiosperms (Eudicots). A companion volume covers Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots).  Foreword Preface References Acknowledgments Introduction Contents About the Author Alphabetical List of Families Part I: DICOTYLEDONS 1: BASAL LINEAGES NYMPHAEACEAE WATER LILY FAMILY 5 GENERA AND 70 SPECIES Nymphaea spp. WATER LILIES Victoria amazonica ROYAL WATER LILY SCHISANDRACEAE (Including ILLICIACEAE) ILLICIUM FAMILY, STAR ANISE FAMILY 3 GENERA AND ±90 SPECIES Illicium floridanum FLORIDA ANISE, PURPLE ANISE Illicium parviflorum STAR ANISE 2: MAGNOLIIDS PIPERACEAE PEPPER FAMILY 5 GENERA AND ±3700 SPECIES Peperomia spp. RADIATOR PLANT Piper spp. PEPPER ARISTOLOCHIACEAE DUTCHMAN’S PIPE FAMILY; BIRTHWORT FAMILY, PIPEVINE FAMILY 7 GENRA AND ±500 SPECIES Aristolochia arborea ARISTOLOCHIA TREE Aristolochia littoralis CALICO FLOWER MAGNOLIACEAE MAGNOLIA FAMILY 2 GENERA AND 267 SPECIES Liriodendron tulipifera TULIP TREE, YELLOW POPLAR Magnolia figo BANANA SHRUB Magnolia grandiflora SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA, BULL BAY Magnolia liliiflora MULAN MAGNOLIA, PURPLE MAGNOLIA, LILY MAGNOLIA Magnolia × soulangeana SAUCER MAGNOLIA Magnolia stellata STAR MAGNOLIA Magnolia × ‘Royal Crown’ ROYAL CROWN MAGNOLIA ANNONACEAE CUSTARD APPLE FAMILY ±111 GENERA AND ±2300 SPECIES Cananga odorata YLANG-YLANG Asimina spp. PAWPAW CALYCANTHACEAE CALYCANTHUS FAMILY 4 GENERA AND ±11 SPECIES Calycanthus floridus SWEET SHRUB ADDITIONAL GENUS LAURACEAE LAUREL FAMILY ±45 GENERA AND ±2850 SPECIES Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Tree Cinnamomum verum CINNAMON TREE, CEYLAN CINNAMON TREE Persea americana ALLIGATOR PEAR, AVOCADO, AGUACATE Persea borbonia RED BAY 3: Eudicots PAPAVERACEAE POPPY FAMILY 43 GENERA AND ±525 SPECIES SUBFAMILY PAPAVEROIDEAE Dendromecon harfordii CHANNEL ISLANDS TREE POPPY Meconopsis betonicifolia BLUE POPPY, HIMALAYAN POPPY Papaver spp. POPPIES ADDITIONAL GENERA SUBFAMILY FUMARIOIDEAE (FUMARY, BLEEDING HEARTS) Dicentra eximia EASTERN BLEEDING HEART, FRINGED BLEEDING HEART, TURKEY CORN Lamprocapnos spectabilis BLEEDING HEART BERBERIDACEAE (Including Nandinaceae & Podophyllaceae) BARBERRY FAMILY 14 (15) GENERA AND ±750 SPECIES Berberis aquifolium OREGON GRAPE-HOLLY Berberis bealei LEATHERLEAF MAHONIA Berberis julianae WINTERGREEN BARBERRY Berberis thunbergii JAPANESE BARBERRY Epimedium grandiflorum BISHP’S HAT, HORNY GOAT WEED Nandina domestica HEAVENLY BAMBOO, SACRED BAMBOO Podophyllum peltatum MAYAPPLE, INDIAN APPLE, WILD MANDRAKE, POMME DE MAI RANUNCULACEAE (Including Helleboraceae) BUTTERCUP FAMILY 43 GENERA AND ±2346 SPECIES Anemone hupehensis JAPANESE THIMBLEWEED Aquilegia spp. COLUMBINE Aquilegia canadensis EASTERN RED COLUMBINE Aquilegia vulgaris COMMON COLUMBINE Clematis spp. CLEMATIS Delphinium spp. LARKSPUR Glaucidium palmatum MOUNTAIN-HOLLYHOCK, JAPANESE WOOD POPPY Helleborus argutifolius CORSICAN HELLEBORE Nigella damascena LOVE-IN-A-MIST, DEVIL-IN-A-BUSH Ranunculus occidentalis WESTERN BUTTERCUP Ranunculus asiaticus PERSIAN BUTTERCUP, TURBAN BUTTERCUP Thalictrum aquilegifolium MEADOW-RUE ADDITIONAL GENERA NELUMBONACEAE SACRED LOTUS FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 3 SPECIES Nelumbo nucifera SACRED LOTUS, EAST INDIAN LOTUS PLATANACEAE PLANE TREE FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 8 SPECIES Platanus spp. SYCAMORE PROTEACEAE PROTEA FAMILY 79 GENERA AND ABOUT ±1700 SPECIES Grevillea robusta SILK OAK, SPIDER FLOWER Leucospermum cordifolium NODDING PINCUSHION Protea magnifica QUEEN PROTEA, QUEEN SUGARBUSH TROCHODENDRACEAE TROCHODENDRON FAMILY 2 GENERA AND 2 SPECIES Trochodendron aralioides TAIWANESE PARASOL TREE, WHEEL TREE BUXACEAE BOXWOOD FAMILY 6 GENERA AND ±60 SPECIES Buxus microphylla BOXWOOD Buxus sempervirens COMMON BOXWOOD; ENGLISH BOXWOOD GUNNERACEAE 1 GENUS AND 56 SPECIES Gunnera manicata GIANT RHUBARB DILLENIACEAE DILLENIA FAMILY 12 GENERA AND 430 SPECIES Dillenia indica INDIAN CATMON, ELEPHANT APPLE Dillenia ovata SIMPUR, THIU, TIMPURU PAEONIACEAE PAEONY/PEONY FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 32 SPECIES Paeonia spp. PAEONY OR PEONY ALTINGIACEAE SWEETGUM FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 15 SPECIES Liquidambar styraciflua SWEET GUM HAMAMELIDACEAE WITCH HAZEL FAMILY 26–30 GENERA AND ±80–140 SPECIES Fothergilla gardenii DWARF FOTHERGILLA, COASTAL FOTHERGILLA Hamamelis × intermedia HYBRID WITCHHAZEL Loropetalum chinense CHINESE FRINGE BUSH HAEMODORACEAE BLOODWORT FAMILY 14 GENERA AND ±100 SPECIES Anigozanthos spp. KANGAROO PAW; CATSPAW; AUSTRALIAN SWORD LILY SAXIFRAGACEAE SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 35 (43) GENERA AND 643 SPECIES Astilbe spp. FALSE GOATSBEARD, FEATHER TREE Heuchera spp. ALUM-ROOT, CORAL BELLS Saxifraga SAXIFRAGE Tiarella cordifolia FOAMFLOWER, HEARTLEAF FOAM FLOWER ADDITIONAL GENERA CRASSULACEAE ORPINE FAMILY 48 (7–35) GENERA AND ±1300 (1400) SPECIES Aeonium spp. AEONIUMS Bryophyllum manginii CHANDALIER PLANT, BEACH BELLS Cotyledon orbiculata PIGS EAR Crassula arborescens SILVER DOLLAR PLANT; SILVER JADE Crassula ovata JADE PLANT, MONEY TREE Echeveria spp. HEN-AND-CHICKENS Kalanchoe beharensis VELVET LEAF KALANCHOE, FELT BUSH, ELEPHANT EAR Kalanchoe blossfeldiana KALANCHOE Kalanchoe marmorata PENWIPER PLANT, SPOTTED KALANCHOE Kalanchoe tomentosa PANDA PLANT Sedum spp. STONECROPS Sedum morganianum BURRO’S TAIL, DONKEY’S TAIL Sempervivum spp. HOUSE-LEEK ADDITIONAL GENUS VITACEAE GRAPE FAMILY 14 GENERA AND 910 SPECIES Leea guineensis WEST INDIAN HOLLY Cyphostemma juttae BLUE KOBAS, WILD GRAPE, ELEPHANT’S FOOT ZYGOPHYLLACEAE CALTROP FAMILY, CREOSOTE BUSH FAMILY 21 (27) GENERA AND ±154 (240) SPECIES Guaiacum sanctum LIGNUM VITAE, PALO SANTO, HOLYWOOD ADDITIONAL GENERA FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE) LEGUME FAMILY, PEA FAMILY 766 GENERA AND ±19,580 SPECIES SUBFAMILIES OF FABACEAE SUBFAMILY DUPARQUETIODEAE 1 GENUS AND 1 SPECIES SUBFAMILY CERCIDOIDEAE 13 GENERA AND ±335 SPECIES Bauhinia spp. ORCHID TREE Cercis canadensis EASTERN REDBUD SUBFAMILY DETARIOIDEAE 84 GENERA AND 760 SPECIES (IN 7 TRIBES) Amherstia nobilis PRIDE OF BURMA Brownea macrophylla PANAMA FLAME TREE, ROSE OF VENEZUELA Saraca asoca ASHOKA TREE, HANDKERCHIEF TREE, SORROWLESS TREE Tamarindus indica TAMARIND SUBFAMILY DIALOIDEAE 17 GENERA AND 85 SPECIES SUBFAMILY FABOIDEAE (PAPILIONOIDEAE) 484 GENERA AND ±13,483 SPECIES Dalbergia sissoo SISSOO TREE, INDIAN ROSEWOOD Erythrina crista-galli CORAL TREE, COCKSPUR CORAL TREE, CRYBABY TREE Erythrina herbacea CORALBEAN, CHEROKEE BEAN Baptisia australis BLUE WILD INDIGO, BLUE FALSE INDIGO Genista spachiana SWEET BROOM, CANARY ISLAND BROOM Hardenbergia violacea PURPLE CORAL PEA, LILAC VINE, AUSTRIAN SARSAPARILLA Laburnum anagyroides GOLDEN CHAIN, GOLDEN RAIN Lespedeza bicolor SHRUBBY BUSH CLOVER, SHRUB LESPIDEZA Lupinus × hybrida LUPIN, LUPINE Sesbania punicea RATTLEBOX, PURPLE SESBAN Strongylodon macrobotrys JADE VINE, EMERALD VINE Wisteria sinensis CHINESE WISTERIA ADDITIONAL GENERA SUBFAMILY CAESALPINIODEA (INCLUDES THE FORMER SUBFAM. MIMOSOIDEAE) 148 GENERA AND ±4400 SPECIES Caesalpinia pulcherrima PEACOCK FLOWER, BARBADOS PRIDE, DWARF POINCIANA Cassia leptophylla GOLD MEDALION TREE Delonix regia FLAMBOYANT, ROYAL POINCIANA Parkinsonia aculeata JERUSALEM THORN TREE, MEXICAN PALO VERDE, RATAMA Peltophorum pterocarpum COPPERPOD, YELLOW POINCIANA Calliandra brevipes PINK POWDERPUFF Calliandra haematocephala POWDERPUFF BUSH Mimosa pudica SENSITIVE PLANT, TOUCH ME NOT Senna bicapsularis BUTTERFLY BUSH, CHRISTMAS SENNA, RAMBLING CASSIA Senna didymobotrya AFRICAN SENNA, POPCORN CASSIA, PEANUT BUTTER CASSIA Vachellia farnesiana SWEET ACACIA, PERFUME ACACIA Albizia julibrissin MIMOSA, PERSIAN SILK TREE ADDITIONAL GENUS POLYGALACEAE MILKWORT FAMILY 21 GENERA AND 900 SPECIES Polygala virgata PURPLE BROOM, MILKWORT ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY 133 GENERA AND 1966 SPECIES Chaenomeles japonica JAPANESE FLOWERING QUINCE Cotoneaster spp. COTONEASTER Eriobotrya japonica LOQUAT, JAPANESE PLUM Geum rivale WATER AVENS, INDIAN CHOCOLATE Malus hupehensis TEA CRABAPPLE, CHINESE CRABAPPLEVL Malus ioensis PRAIRIE CRABAPPLE, IOWA CRABAPPLE Photinia glabra REDLEAF PHOTINIA, JAPANESE PHOTINIA Prunus laurocerasus Prunus persica DOUBLE FLOWERING PEACH Prunus serrulata JAPANESE FLOWERING CHERRY Prunus subhirtella ‘Pendula’ PENDULUS ROSEBUD CHERRY, WEEPING HIGAN CHERRY Prunus umbellata FLATWOODS PLUM, HOG PLUM Pyracantha coccinea SCARLET FIRE THORN Pyrus calleryana FLOWERING PEAR Rhaphiolepis indica INDIAN HAWTHORN Rhaphiolepis umbellata YEDDO HAWTHORN Rosa SPECIES, HYBRIDS, AND CULTIVARS ROSE Rubus odoratus FLOWERING RASPBERRY Spiraea cantoniensis REEVE’S SPIRAEA Spiraea japonica JAPANESE MEADOWSWEET ADDITIONAL GENERA ELAEAGNACEAE OLEASTER FAMILY 3 GENERA AND 50 SPECIES Elaeagnus pungens SILVER THORN RHAMNACEAE BUCKTHORN FAMILY 55 GENERA AND ±1040 SPECIES Frangula caroliniana CAROLINA BUCKTHORN, INDIAN CHERRY Rhamnus cathartica COMMON BUCKTHORN, EUROPEAN BUCJTHORN, PURGING BUCKTHORN ADDITIONAL GENERA ULMACEAE ELM FAMILY 7 GENERA AND 45 SPECIES Ulmus alata WINGED ELM Ulmus parvifolia CHINESE ELM MORACEAE FIG FAMILY. MULBERRY FAMILY 37 GENERA AND ±1180 SPECIES Artocarpus heterophyllus JACKFRUIT Broussonetia papyrifera PAPER MULBERRY Ficus aspera VARIEGATED CLOWN FIG Ficus aurea STRANGLER FIG, GOLDEN FIG Ficus benghalensis BANYAN FIG, INDIAN BANYAN Ficus benjamina WEEPING FIG Ficus carica FIG, COMMON FIG Ficus deltoidea MISTLETOE FIG Ficus elastica INDIAN RUBBER TREE, RUBBER TREE Ficus lyrata FIDDLELEAF FIG Ficus macrophylla INDIAN LAUREL, MORTON BAY FIG, AUSTRALIAN BANYAN Ficus pumila CREEPING FIG Ficus racemosa CLUSTER FIG Ficus rubiginosa RUSTY FIG, PORT JACKSON FIG Morus spp. MULBERRY ADDITIONAL GENERA URTICACEAE NETTLE FAMILY 53 GENERA AND ±1250 (2625) SPECIES Cecropia spp. TRUMPET TREE, SNAKEWOOD ADDITIONAL GENERA FAGACEAE BEECH FAMILY 8 (or 9) GENERA AND 927 (±1100) SPECIES Castanea sativa SWEET CHESTNUT Fagus sylvatica EUROPEAN BEECH, COMMON BEECH Lithocarpus dealbatus TANBARK, CHESTNUT-OAK Quercus laevis TURKEY OAK Quercus laurifolia LAUREL OAK, DIAMOND OAK, DARLINGTON OAK Quercus michauxii BASKET OAK, SWAMP CHESTNUT OAK Quercus nigra WATER OAK Quercus shumardii SCHNECK OAK, SHUMARD OAK Quercus virginiana LIVE OAK MYRICACEAE BAYBERRY FAMILY 4 GENERA AND 48 SPECIES Morella cerifera SOUTHERN BAYBERRY, SOUTHERN WAX MYRTLE JUGLANDACEAE WALNUT AND PECAN FAMILY 12 GENERA AND 84 SPECIES Carya glabra PIGNUT HICKORY Carya illinoinensis PECAN CASUARINACEAE CASUARINA FAMILY 4 GENERA AND ±90 SPECIES Casuarina equisetifolia AUSTRALIAN PINE, SHE OAK, BEEFWOOD BETULACEAE BIRCH FAMILY 6 GENERA AND ABOUT 120–130 SPECIES Betula nigra RIVER BIRCH Betula pendula EUROPEAN WHITE BIRCH BEGONIACEAE BEGONIA FAMILY 2 GENERA AND ±1600 SPECIES Begonia aconitifolia × B. coccinea ANGEL-WING BEGONIA Begonia boliviensis BOLIVIAN BEGONIA Begonia rex-cultorum REX BEGONIA; FANCY-LEAF BEGONIA Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum WAX BEGONIA Begonia × tuberhybrida TUBEROUS BEGONIA ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES OXALIDACEAE (Including AVERRHOACEAE) WOOD SORREL FAMILY 8 GENERA AND ±600 SPECIES Averrhoa bilimbi BILIMBI, BILIMBING, CUCUMBER TREE Biophytum sensitivum LITTLE TREE PLANT Oxalis debilis PINK WOOD SORREL CUNONIACEAE (Including EUCRYPHIACEAE) 27 GENERA AND ±300 SPECIES Eucryphia lucida LEATHERWOOD ERYTHROXYLACEAE (4 GENERA AND ±260 SPECIES) Erythroxylum coca COCAINE (254 LISTED SPECIES) OCHNACEAE OCHNA FAMILY 32 GENERA AND ±550 SPECIES Ochna serrulata MICKEY-MOUSE PLANT, CARNIVAL BUSH CLUSIACEAE (= GUTTIFERAE) GARCINIA FAMILY 14 GENERA AND ±750 SPECIES Calophyllum brasiliense BRAZILIAN BEAUTY LEAF, CALABA TREE, SANTA MARIA Calophyllum inophyllum ALEXANDRIAN LAUREL, BEAUTY LEAF Clusia rosea BALSAM APPLE, PITCH APPLE, COPEY, AUTOGRAPH TREE HYPERICACEAE ST. JOHN’S WORT FAMILY 9 GENERA AND 590 SPECIES Hypericum spp. ST. JOHN’S WORTS MALPIGHIACEAE MALPIGHIA FAMILY 73 (77) GENERA AND 1315 SPECIES Galphimia gracilis THRYALLIS, RAIN OF GOLD Malpighia coccigera HOLLY MALPIGHIA, MINIATURE HOLLY, SINGAPORE HOLLY Malpighia glabra ACEROLA, BARBADOS CHERRY Stigmaphyllon ellipticum GOLDEN VINE, GOLDEN CREEPER CHRYSOBALANACEAE CHRYSOBALANUS FAMILY, COCOPLUM FAMILY 27 GENERA AND ±530 SPECIES Chrysobalanus icaco COCOPLUM Geobalanus oblongifolius GOPHER APPLE VIOLACEAE VIOLA FAMILY 21 GENERA AND ±800 SPECIES Viola × wittrockiana PANSIES Viola sororia COMMON BLUE VIOLET, WOOLLY BLUE VIOLET PASSIFLORACEAE (Including Turneraceae) PASSION FLOWR FAMILY 27 GENERA AND 694 SPECIES SUBFAMILY PASSIFLOROIDEAE Passiflora spp. PASSION FLOWERS SUBFAMILY TURNEROIDEAE (TURNERACEAE) Turnera ulmifolia YELLOW ALDER, RAMGOAT DASHALONG SALICACEAE (Including FLACOURTIACEAE p.p.) WILLOW FAMILY 56 GENERA AND ±1220 SPECIES POPULUS SPP. POPLAR, ASPEN, COTTONWOOD Salix babylonica WEEPING WILLOW Xylosma congesta BRUSHHOLY, SHINY XYLOSMA EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE FAMILY 210 (229) GENERA AND ±6500 SPECIES Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana COPPERLEAF Acalypha hispida CHENILLE PLANT, RED-HOT CATTAIL Acalypha pendula FIRETAIL CHENILLE PLANT; DWARF CHENILLE PLANT Dalechampia dioscoreifolia COSTA RICAN BUTTERFLY VINE, BOW TIE VINE, WINGED BEAUTY Vernicia fordii TUNG OIL TREE, CHINA WOOD OIL TREE Cnidoscolus stimulosus BULL-NETTLE, TREAD SOFTLY, FINGER NOT, SPURGE NETTLE Codiaeum variegatum CROTON Jatropha curcas PHYSIC NUT; BARBADOS NUT, PURGING NUT Jatropha gossypiifolia BELLYACHE BUSH, COTTON-LEAF PHYSICNUT Jatropha integerrima FIRECRACKER Jatropha multifida CORAL PLANT Jatropha podagrica BUDDHA’S BELLY PLANT, GOUTYSTALK, GOUT PLANT Manihot esculenta ASSAVA, MANDIOCA, MANIOC, YUCA ADDITIONAL GENUS GENUS EUPHORBIA Euphorbia canariensis CANARY ISLAND SPURGE, HERCULES CLUB Euphorbia candelabrum CANDELABRA SPURGE, AFRICAN MILK BUSH Euphorbia characias MEDITERRANEAN SPURGE Euphorbia corollata FLOWERING SPURGE Euphorbia cotinifolia CARIBBEAN COPPER PLANT; TROPICAL SMOKE BUSH Euphorbia epithymoides CUSHION SPURGE Euphorbia esculenta VINGERPOL SPURGE Euphorbia graminea GRASSLEAF SPURGE Euphorbia griffithii GRIFFITH’S SPURGE Euphorbia lactea CANDELABRA PLANT; MOTTLED SPURGE Euphorbia milii CORONA DE CRISTO, CROWN OF THORNS Euphorbia obesa BASEBALL PLANT Euphorbia pseudocactus ZIG-ZAG EUPHORBIA Euphorbia pulcherrima POINSETTIA Euphorbia punicea JAMAICAN POINSETTIA Euphorbia tirucalli PENCIL TREE, MILK BUSH, AVELOZ Euphorbia (= Pedilanthus) spp. BIRD FLOWER, LADY SLIPPER; DEVILS’ BACKBONE Triadica sebifera CHINESE TALLOW TREE, POPCORN TREE, CANDLEBERRY TREE ADDITIONAL GENERA LINACEAE LINUM FAMILY 13 GENERA AND ±255 SPECIES Reinwardtia indica YELLOW FLAX, PYOLI ADDITIONAL GENERRA PHYLLANTHACEAE (Including Bischofiaceae) 58 GENERA AND ±2000 SPECIES Bischofia javanica TOOG TREE Phyllanthus arbuscula LEAF-FLOWER GERANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY 7 GENERA AND ±840 SPECIES Erodium spp. FILAREES, HERON’S BILL, STORKBILLS Geranium spp. CRANESBILLS Pelargonium spp. COMBRETACEAE COMBRETUM FAMILY 17 GENERA AND ABOUT ±500 SPECIES Combretum fruticosum ORANGE FLAME VINE, CHAMELEON VINE Combretum indicum RANGOON CREEPER, CHINESE HONEYSUCKLE Conocarpus erectus BUTTONWOOD Terminalia buceras BLACK OLIVE, GREGORYWOOD Terminalia catappa INDIAN ALMOND, TROPICAL ALMOND LYTHRACEAE LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY, HENNA FAMILY, POMEGRANATE FAMILY 31 GENERA AND ±600 SPECIES Cuphea hyssopifolia FALSE HEATHER, MEXICAN HEATHER Cuphea ignea CIGAR PLANT, FIRECRACKER PLANT Cuphea llavea BAT FACE CUPHEA, RED CUPHEA Lagerstroemia indica CRAPE (CREPE) MYRTLE Lagerstroemia speciosa PRIDE OF INDIA, QUEEN’S CRAPE MYRTLE Punica granatum POMEGRANATE ONAGRACEAE EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY 22 GENERA AND ±650 SPECIES Fuchsia spp. FUCHSIA, LADY’S EAR DROPS Oenothera lindheimeri GAURA, LINDHEIMER BEEBLOSSOM Hauya elegans Ludwigia sedioides MYRTACEAE MYRTLE FAMILY 144 GENERA AND 5774 SPECIES Acca sellowiana PINEAPPLE GUAVA, FEIJOA, GUAVASTEEN Melaleuca citrinus LEMON BOTTLEBRUSH, SCARLET BOTTLEBRUSH Melaleuca quinquenervia CAJEPUT TREE, PUNK TREE Melaleuca rigidus STIFF BOTTLEBRUSH Melaleuca viminalis WEEPING BOTTLEBRUSH Eucalyptus spp. EUCALYPTUS Eucalyptus lehmannii BUSHY YATES Eucalyptus pauciflora ALPINE SNOW GUM Eugenia uniflora SURINAM CHERRY, BRAZILIAN CHERRY Myrcianthes fragrans SIMPSON STOPPER, TWINBERRY Psidium cattleyanum CATTLEY GUAVA, STRAWBERRY GUAVA Syzygium australe BUSH CHERRY, LILLIPILLY, ALLSHAPES BONSAI Syzygium jambos ROSE APPLE ADDITIONAL GENERA MELASTOMATACEAE MELASTOMA FAMILY 178 GENERA AND ±5000 SPECIES Bellucia pentamera MONZANA DE MONTANA, CORONILLO Brachyotum microdon RHODODENDRON OF THE ANDES Medinilla magnifica SHOWY MEDINILLA, PINK LANTERN Medinilla myriantha MALAYSIAN ORCHID, TROPICAL GRAPES Medinilla formosana CHANDELIER PLANT, MAL BOVITYA Melastoma malabathricum MALABAR MELASTOME, SINGAPORE RHODODENDRON Pleroma urvilleana PRINCESS FLOWER ADDITIONAL GENERA BURSERACEAE TORCHWOOD FAMILY 17–20 GENERA AND 760 SPECIES Bursera simaruba GUMBO-LIMBO, BIRCH TREE, TURPENTINE TREE ANACARDIACEAE CASHEW FAMILY ABOUT 83 GENERA AND ±860 SPECIES Anacardium occidentale CASHEW Cotinus coggygria SMOKE TREE, WIG TREE Mangifera indica MANGO Pistacia chinensis CHINESE PISTACHE Rhus copallinum SHINING SUMAC, WINGED SUMAC, FLAMELEAF SUMAC Rhus typhina STAGHORN SUMAC Schinus terebinthifolius BRAZILIAN PEPPER TREE, CHRISTMAS BERRY TREE ADDITIONAL GENUS SAPINDACEAE (Including ACERACEAE and HIPPOCASTANACEAE) SOAPBERRY FAMILY 144 (124, 138) GENERA AND ±1860 SPECIES Acer negundo BOX ELDER Acer palmatum JAPANESE MAPLE Acer rubrum RED MAPLE Aesculus hippocastanum EUROPEAN HORSE CHESTNUT, CONKER TREE Aesculus pavia RED BUCKEYE, SCARLET BUCKEYE Aesculus × carnea (Aesculus pavia × A. hippocastanum) RED HORSE CHESTNUT Dimocarpus longan LONGON, DRAGON’S EYE Koelreuteria elegans GOLDENRAIN TREE, FLAMEGOLD RUE OR CITRUS FAMILY ±161 GENERA AND ±2070 SPECIES Atalantia buxifolia BOXTHORN, CHINESE BOX ORANGE Calodendrum capense CAPE CHESTNUT Citrus spp. CITRUS Murraya paniculata ORANGE JASMINE, CAFE DE LA INDIA, SATINWOOD TREE Ruta graveolens COMMON RUE, HERB OF GRACE Skimmia japonica JAPANESE SKIMMIA ADDITIONAL GENERA MELIACEAE MELIA FAMILY 46 GENERA AND ABOUT 559 SPECIES Melia azedarach CHINABERRY TREE, PRIDE OF INDIA, UMBRELLA TREE Swietenia mahagoni MADEIRA, MAHOGANY, CAOBA MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY 244 GENERA AND 4225 SPECIES MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY 243 GENERA AND ±4225 SPECIES Subfamily Helecteroideae 8 or10 GENERA AND 95 SPECIES Durio zibethinus DURIAN Subfamily Byttnerioideae 26 GENERA AND 650 SPECIES Theobroma cacao CACAO TREE ADDITIONAL GENUS SUBFAMILY BOMBACOIDEAE BOMBAX SUBFAMILY 27 GENREA AND 120 SPECIES Adansonia digitata BAOBAB TREE, MONKEY-BREAD TREE Bombax ceiba RED SILK COTTON TREE Ceiba speciosa SILK FLOSS TREE Fremontodendron californicum FREMONTIA, CALIFORNIA FLANNELBUSH Pachira aquatica GUIANA CHESTNUT, MALABAR CHESTNUT, WATER CHESTNUT, ETC. Pseudobombax ellipticum SHAVING BRUSH TREE SUBFAMILY DOMBEYOIDEAE DOMBEYA SUBFAMILY 17 (20) GENERA AND 164 (380) SPECIES Dombeya wallichii PINK BALL Pentapetes phoenicea SIMONE, MOONPLANT, COPPER CUPS, MIDDAY FLOWER SUBFAMILY GREWIOIDEAE GREWIA SUBFAMILY 25 GENERA AND 770 SPECIES Grewia occidentalis CROSSBERRY, FOUR-CORNER, LAVENDER STAR FLOWER SUBFAMILY MALVOIDEAE MALVA SUBFAMILY 78 GENERA AND 1800 SPECIES Abelmoschus esculentus OKRA, OCHRA, GUMBO, LADIES FINGERS Abutilon × hybridum FLOWERING MAPLE, CHINESE LANTERN Gossypium arboreum TREE COTTON Hibiscus acetosella RED-LEAF HIBISCUS, FALSE ROSELLE, ROSE MALLOW Hibiscus coccineus SCARLET HIBISCUS, SCARLET ROSE MALLOW Hibiscus moscheutos ROSE MALLOW, SWAMP ROSE MALLOW Hibiscus mutabilis CONFEDERATE ROSE, DIXIE ROSEMALLOW Hibiscus rosa-sinensis HIBISCUS, ROSE OF CHINA Hibiscus schizopetalus FRINGED HIBISCUS, FRINGED ROSEMALLOW Hibiscus sabdariffa ROSELLE Hibiscus syriacus ROSE OF SHARON, SHRUB ALTHEA Lavatera thuringiaca TREE MALLOW Malvaviscus arboreus TURK’S CAP, WAX MALLOW Talipariti tiliaceum ‘Tricolor’ SEA HIBISCUS, MAHOE ADDITIONAL GENUS SUBFAMILY STERCULIODEAE STERCULIA SUBFAMILY 12 GENERA AND 430 SPECIES Brachychiton acerifolius ILLAWARA FLAME TREE, KURRAJONG Brachychiton discolor BUSH KARRAJONG, LACEBARK TREE, PINK FLAME TREE Cola acuminata COLA SUBFAMILY TILIOIDEAE TILIA SUBFAMILY 3 GENEA AND 50 SPECIES Tilia cordata LITTLELEAF LINDEN THYMELAEACEAE DAPHNE FAMILY 50 GENERA AND 898 SPECIES Daphne odora FRAGRANT DAPHNE, WITNTER DAPHNE BIXACEAE ACHIOTE FAMILY 4 GENERA AND 23 SPECIES Bixa orellana ANNATTO, LIPSTICK TREE ADDITIONAL GENUS CISTACEAE ROCK ROSE FAMILY 9 GENERA AND ±200 SPECIES Cistus ladanifer BROWN-EYED ROCK ROSE Cistus × skanbergii DWARF PINK ROCKROSE Helianthemum nummularium COMMON SUN ROSE TROPAEOLACEAE NASTURTIUM FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 96 SPECIES Tropaeolum majus NASTUTIUM, INDIAN CRESS CARICACEAE PAPAYA FAMILY 6 GENERA AND 34 SPECIES Carica papaya PAPAYA, PAWPAW Vasconcellea pubescens MOUNTAIN PAPAYA CAPPARACEAE (= CAPPARIDACEAE) CAPER FAMILY 33 (34) GENERA AND ±700 SPECIES Capparis spp. CAPERS CLEOMACEAE SPIDERFLOWER FAMILY 17 GENERA AND ±150 SPECIES Cleome hassleriana SPIDER FLOWER BRASSICACEAE (= CRUCIFERAE) CRUCIFERS, CABBAGE FAMILY ±350 GENERA AND ±3600 SPECIES Aubrieta deltoidea PURPLE ROCK CRESS, RAINBOW ROCK CRESS Aurinia saxatilis GOLDEN ALYSSUM, GOLD DUST, BASKET OF GOLD Brassica oleracea ORNAMENTAL KALE, ORNAMENTAL CABBAGE Iberis sempervirens CANDYTUFT Lobularia maritima SWEET ALYSSUM Matthiola incana STOCK ADDITIONAL GENERA LORANTHACEAE SHOWY MISTIETOES FAMILY 79 GENERA AND ±900 SPECIES Psittacanthus sonorae PARROT FLOWER PLUMBAGINACEAE LEADWORT FAMILY 30 GENERA AND ±725 SPECIES Armeria maritima SEA THRIFT, SEA PINK Plumbago auriculata CAPE LEADWORT, PLUMBAGO POLYGONACEAE BUCKWHEAT FAMILY, SMARTWEED 56 GENERA AND 1266 SPECIES Antigonon leptopus CORAL VINE, LOVE VINE Coccoloba diversifolia PIGEON PLUM Coccoloba uvifera SEAGRAPE Persicaria bistorta MEADOW BISTORT, SNAKEWEED ADDITIONAL GENERA DROSERACEAE SUNDEW FAMILY 3 GENERA AND 187 SPECIES Dionaea muscipula VENUS’ FLYTRAP (or FLY TRAP) Drosera spp. SUNDEWS NEPENTHACEAE TROPICAL PITCHER PLANTS FAMILY MONOGENERIC, WITH 85 SPECIES Nepenthes spp. TROPICAL PITCHER PLANTS, MONKEY CUPS SIMMONDSIACEAE JOJOBA FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 1 SPECIES Simmondsia chinensis JOJOBA, GOAT NUT CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY, CARNATION FAMILY 81 GENERA AND ±2625 SPECIES Dianthus caryophyllus CARNATION Dianthus barbatus SWEET WILLIAM Dianthus plumarius PINKS ADDITIONAL GENERA AMARANTHACEAE (Including CHENOPODIACEAE) AMARANTH FAMILY ±180 GENERA AND ±2000 SPECIES Alternanthera spp. JOYWEEDS, JOSEPH’S COAT Celosia spp. WOOLFLOWERS, COCK’S COMBS Iresine herbstii BLOODLEAF OR BLOOD LEAF Gomphrena globosa GLOBE AMARANTH ADDITIONAL GENUS AIZOACEAE ICE PLANT FAMILY, STONE PLANTS, DEWPLANT FAMILY 113 (134) GENERA AND ±2000 SPECIES Lampranthus spp. LAMPRANTHUS ICE PLANT, VYGIE Carpobrotus edulis HOTTENTOT FIG, ICE PLANT, SOUR FIG ADDITIONAL GENUS PHYTOLACCACEAE POKEWEED FAMILY 5 genera and 33 SPECIES Phytolacca dioica BELHAMBRA, OMBU, BELLA OMBRE 4: Eudicots (Part II) NYCTAGINACEAE BOUGAINVILLEA OR FOUR O’CLOCK FAMILY 27 GENERA AND 335 SPECIES Bougainvillea spp. BOUGAINVILLEA Mirabilis jalapa FOUR O’CLOCK FLOWER, MARVEL OF PERU MONTIACEAE BLINKS FAMILY 10 (14) GENERA AND ±295 SPECIES Lewisia longipetala LONG-PETALED LEWISIA, TRUCKEE LEWISIA DIDIEREACEAE 7 GENERA AND 22 SPECIES Didierea madagascariensis OCTOPUS TREE ADDITIONAL GENUS Portulacaria afra ELEPHANT BUSH, DWARF JADE PLANT, PORKBUSH PORTULACACEAE PURSLANE FAMILY 16 OR 20 GENERA AND 278 SPECIES Portulaca grandiflora PURSLANE, MOSS ROSE CACTACEAE CACTUS FAMILY 160 GENERA AND ±1500 SPECIES Cereus repandus HEDGE CACTUS, PERUVIAN APPLE CACTUS Cleistocactus winteri GOLDEN RAT TAIL CACTUS Echinocactus grusonii GOLDEN BARREL CACTUS Epiphyllum spp. and Hybrids ORCHID CACTUS Gymnocalycium mihanovichii CHIN CACTUS Harrisia spp. PRICKLY APPLECACTI Hylocereus undatus NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS Leuenbergeria bleo ROSE CACTUS Mammillaria spp. GOLDEN STAR CACTUS Opuntia spp. PRICKLY PEAR CACTUS Parodia magnifica BALLOON CACTUS Pereskia spp. BARBADOS GOOSEBERRY Rhipsalis spp. WICKERWARE CACTUS Schlumbergera spp. and Hybrids CHRISTMAS CACTUS, EASTER CACTUS ADDITIONAL GENERA NYSSACEAE NYSSA FAMILY, TUPELO-TREE FAMILY 5 GENERA AND 33 SPECIES Davidia involucrata DOVE TREE, HANDKERCHIEF TREE, GHOST TREE Nyssa sylvatica TUPELO, SOUR GUM, BLACK GUM HYDRANGEACEAE (Including Philadel HYDRANGEA FAMILY 10 GENERA AND 223 SPECIES Deutzia gracilis SLENDER DEUTZIA, SLENDER HYDRANGEA Hydrangea arborescens SMOOTH HYDRANGEA, WILD HYDRANGEA Hydrangea macrophylla BIGLEAF HYDRANGEA Hydrangea quercifolia OAKLEAF HYDRANGEA Hydrangea serrata MOUNTAIN HYDRANGEA Philadelphus inodorus SCENTLESS MOCK ORANGE ADDITIONAL GENUS LOASACEAE LOASA FAMILY, BLAZINGSTAR FAMILY 21 GENERA AND ±380 SPECIES Mentzelia laevicaulis GIANT BLAZINGSTAR, SMOOTHSTEM BLAZINGSTAR, PRAIRIE LILY CORNACEAE DOGWOOD FAMILY 12 GENERA AND 124 SPECIES Cornus florida FLOWERING DOGWOOD BALSAMINACEAE BALSAM FAMILY 2 GENERA AND ABOUT 600 SPECIES Impatiens spp. IMPATIENS FOUQUIERIACEAE OCOTILLO FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 11 SPECIES Fouquieria columnaris BOOJUM TREE, ARBOL CIRIO, CIRIO POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY 25 GENERA AND 270–400 SPECIES Phlox spp. PHLOX ADDITIONAL GENUS LECYTHIDACEAE BRAZIL NUT FAMILY 20 GENERA AND 250–350 SPECIES Couroupita guianensis CANNONBALL TREE, BOSKALEBAS Gustavia superba HEAVEN LOTUS TREE, MEMBRILLO PENTAPHYLACACEAE PENTAPHYLLUM FAMILY 12 GENERA AND 330 (405) SPECIES Ternstroemia gymnanthera CLEYERA, FALSE JAPANESE CLEYERA SAPOTACEAE SAPODILLA FAMILY ±58 GENERA AND ±1300 SPECIES Manilkara zapota CHICLE, SAPODILLA, CHICO, NASBERRY, NISPORO EBENACEAE EBONY FAMILY, PERSIMMON FAMILY 3 GENERA AND 768 SPECIES Diospyros spp. EBONY, PERSIMMON PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY 53 (69) GENERA AND ±2800 SPECIES Jacquinia pungens CUDJOEWOOD Cyclamen persicum PERSIAN VIOLET, PERSIAN CYCLAMEN, FLORIST”S CYCLAMEN Dodecatheon meadia SHOOTING STAR Primula vulgaris PRIMROSE PRIMULA, ENGLISH PRIMROSE Ardisia crenata CORAL ARDISIA Lysimachia congestiflora CREEPING JENNY, LOOSESTRIFE THEACEAE TEA FAMILY 7 GENERA AND 200 SPECIES Camellia japonica CAMELLIA Camellia sasanqua SASANQUA CAMELLIA Gordonia lasianthus LOBLOLLY BAY Stewartia malacodendron SILKY CAMELLIA, VIRGINIA STEWARTIA SARRACENIACEAE PITCHER PLANTS 3 GENERA AND 32 SPECIES Darlingtonia californica CALIFORNIA PITCHER PLANT, COBRA PLANT Heliamphora spp. MARSH PITCHER PLANTS Sarracenia spp. NORTH AMERICAN PITCHER PLANTS ERICACEAE HEATH FAMILY 126 GENERA AND ±4426 SPECIES Enkianthus campanulatus FURIN-TSUTSUJI, REDVEIN ENKIANTHUS Kalmia latifolia MOUNTAIN LAUREL Pieris japonica LILY OF THE VALLEY BUSH, BITTERWEED, JAPANESE ANDROMEDA Rhododendron spp. AZALEA Rhododendron austrinum FLORIDA FLAME AZALEA Rhododendron canescens SOUTHERN PINXTER AZALEA, PIEDMONT AZALEA Rhododendron minus PIEDMONT RHODODENDRON Rhododendron × obtusum KURUME HYBRID AZALEA Rhododendron simsii FORMOSA AZALEA, INDIAN AZALEA Vaccinium spp. BLUEBERRY, CRANBERRY, HUCKLEBERRY, ETC. ADDITIONAL GENERA GENTIANACEAE GENTIAN FAMILY 102 GENERA AND ±1750 SPECIES Eustoma grandiflorum LISIANTHUS, BLUEBELL GENTIAN, PRAIRIE GENTIAN Exacum affine PERSIAN VIOLET Gentiana pumila DWARF GENTIAN RUBIACEAE COFFEE FAMILY, MADDER FAMILY 593 (609) GENERA AND ±13,673 SPECIES Arachnothryx leucophylla BUSH PENTAS, PANAMA ROSE, DAMA DE NOCHE Bouvardia ternifolia SCARLET BOUVARDIA, FIRECRACKER BUSH Coffea arabica ARABIAN COFFEE Gardenia jasminoides GARDENIA, CAPE JASMINE Hamelia patens FIREBUSH, SCARLET BUSH Ixora coccinea IXORA, FLAME OF THE WOODS Mussaenda philippica TROPICAL DOGWOOD, ”BUDDHA”S LAMP, VIRGIN TREE Myrmecodia tuberosa ANT PLANT Pentas lanceolata STAR FLOWER, EGYPTIAN STAR CLUSTER Pogonopus speciosus CHORCHA DE GALLO Portlandia grandiflora JAMAICAN BELL FLOWER, WHITE HORSE FLOWER Psychotria nervosa WILD COFFEE, SEMINOLE BALSAMO Psychotria poeppigiana HOT LIPS, LABIOS DE PUTA, SORE-MOUTH BUSH Rondeletia odorata RONDELETIA, PANAMA ROSE ADDITIONAL GENERA GELSEMIACEAE 2 GENERA AND 7 SPECIES Gelsemium sempervirens CAROLINA JESSAMINE, YELLOW JESSAMINE, FALSE JASMINE APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE FAMILY ABOUT 366–402 GENERA AND 5000–5250 SPECIES SUBFAMILIES APOCYNOIDEAE + RAUVOLFIOIDEAE (APOCYNACEAE) Adenium obesum DESERT ROSE, MOCK AZALIA Allamanda blanchetii PURPLE ALLAMANDA, VIOLET ALLAMANDA Allamanda cathartica YELLOW ALLAMANDA, GOLDEN TRUMPET VINE Allamanda schottii BUSH ALAMANDA Amsonia tabernaemontana ARKANSAS BLUE STAR Carissa macrocarpa NATAL PLUM Cascabela thevetia YELLOW OLEANDER, SUICIDE TREE, LUCKY NUT Catharanthus roseus MADAGASCAR PERIWINKLE Mandevilla boliviensis WHITE MANDEVILLA Mandevilla splendens PINK ALLAMANDA Nerium oleander OLEANDER Ochrosia elliptica KOPSIA, OCHROSIA, WEDGE APPLE Pachypodium baronii BONTAKA Pachypodium lamerei MADAGASCAR PALM Pachypodium rosulatum ELEPHANT FOOT PLANT Plumeria rubra FRANGIPANI Plumeria pudica BRIDAL FRANGIPANI Strophanthus gratus POISON ARROW; CLIMBING OLEANDER Tabernaemontana divaricata CREPE JASMINE, PINWHEEL FLOWER; FLEUR D”AMOUR Trachelospermum asiaticum SMALL-LEAF CONFEDERATE JASMINE, JAPANESE STAR JASMINE Trachelospermum jasminoides CONFEDERATE JASMINE, STAR JASMINE Vinca major PERIWINKLE, CREEPING MYRTLE Wrightia antidysenterica CORAL SWIRL, WHITE ANGEL, SNOWFLAKE ADDITIONAL GENUS SUBFAMILIES ASCLEPIADOIDEAE, PERIPLOCOIDEAE, SECAMONOIDEAE (ASCLEPIADACEAE) Asclepias curassavica TROPICAL MILKWEED, BLOOD FLOWER Asclepias incarnata SWAMP MILKWEED Asclepias syriaca COMMON MILKWEED Asclepias tuberosa BUTTERFLY WEED, PLEURISY ROOT Asclepias viridis GREEN ANTELOPEHORN, SPIDER MILKWEED Ceropegia haygarthii LANTERN FLOWER, PARASOL FLOWER Cryptostegia grandiflora RUBBER VINE Dischidia nummularia BUTTON ORCHID, PEBBLE BEACH, STRING OF NICKELS Fockea crispa BERGBAROE. KAMBRO Hoodia gordonii BUSHMAN”S HAT, QUEEN OF THE NAMIB Hoya archboldiana PAPUA WAX PLANT Hoya carnosa PORCELAIN FLOWER, WAX PLANT Hoya diversifolia WAX PLANT; PORCELAIN FLOWER, AKAR KEKAPAL Hoya macgillivrayi WAX PLANT, PORCELAIN FLOWER Hoya multiflora SHOOTING STAR HOYA Hoya pachyclada WAX PLANT, PORCELAIN FLOWER Huernia schneideriana RED DRAGON FLOWER Orbea lepida AFRICAN STARFISH FLOWER Stapelia gigantea CARRION FLOWER; STARFISH FLOWER Stapelia grandiflora STARFISH FLOWER; GIANT ZULU Stapelia hirsuta STARFISH FLOWER, CARRION PLANT ADDITIONAL GENUS BORAGINACEAE BORAGE FAMILY, FORGET ME NOT FAMILY 135 GENERA AND ±2500 SPECIES Cordia boissieri TEXAS OLIVE, WHITE CORDIA, ANACAHUITA Cordia lutea YELLOW CORDIA Cordia sebestena SCARLET CORDIA, GEIGER TREE Heliotropium angiospermum SCORPION’S TAIL Heliotropium arborescens COMMON HELIOTROPE, CHERRY PIE Myosotis sylvatica GARDEN FORGET ME NOT, WOODLAND FORGET ME NOT ADDITIONAL GENERA CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING GLORY FAMILY 57 GENERA AND ±1660 SPECIES Evolvulus glomeratus EVOLVULUS, BLUE DAZE Ipomoea alba MOON FLOWER Ipomoea batatas SWEET POTATO Ipomoea horsfalliae LIPSTICK VINE, CARDINAL CREEPER, LADY DOORLY’S VINE Ipomoea pes‑caprae BEACH MORNING GLORY, GOAT”S FOOT, RAILROAD VINE SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY 105 GENERA AND ±2030 SPECIES Brugmansia spp. ANGEL’S TRUMPET Brunfelsia pauciflora YESTERDAY-TODAY-AND TOMORROW Capsicum annuum PEPPER Cestrum spp. CESTRUMS, JESSAMINES Datura metel DOWNY THORN APPLE, MOONFLOWER Iochroma cyaneum VIOLET CHURUR, PURPLE VIOLET TUBEFLOWER Juanulloa aurantiaca PERUVIAN ORANGE BUSH, GOLD FINGER Nicotiana tabacum TOBACCO Petunia hybrida COMMON PETUNIA Salpiglossis sinuate SALPIGLOSSIS, PAINTED TONGUE Solanum spp. NIGHTSAHDES Solandra maxima CUP OF GOLD VINE, GOLDEN CHALICE VINE, COPA-DE-ORO MENYANTHACEAE BOG BEANS FAMILY 7 GENERA AND 55 SPECIES Nymphoides cristata CRESTED FLOATINGHEART Nymphoides peltata YELLOW FLOATING HEART OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY 24 GENERA AND ±790 SPECIES Cartrema americana DEVILWOOD, AMERICAN OLIVE, WILD OLIVE Chionanthus retusus CHINESE FRINGE TREE Chionanthus virginicus FRINGE TREE, OLD MAN’S BEARD, GRAY BEARD Fraxinus americana WHITE ASH Jasminum mesnyi PRIMROSE JASMINE Jasminum multiflorum DOWNY JASMINE, STAR JASMINE Jasminum laurifolium PINWHEEL JASMINE, SHINING JASMINE Ligustrum japonicum JAPANESE PRIVET, WAX-LEAF PRIVET Ligustrum lucidum GLOSSY PRIVET, TREE PRIVET Ligustrum sinense CHINESE PRIVET Noronhia emarginata MADAGASCAR OLIVE Olea europaea COMMON OLIVE Osmanthus fragrans SWEET OSMANTHUS, FRAGRANT OLIVE Osmanthus × fortunei FORTUNE’S OSMANTHUS Syringa vulgaris COMMON LILAC, PERSIAN LILAC GESNERIACEAE GESNERIA FAMILY 154 GENERA AND MORE THAN ±3500 SPECIES Aeschynanthus pulcher LIPSTICK PLANT, BUGLE VINE Codonanthe spp. Episcia cupreata FLAME VIOLET Seemannia sylvatica HARDY GLOXINIA Sinningia speciosa BRAZILIAN GLOXINIA Sinningia ‘Towering Inferno’ TOWERING INFERNO HARDY GLOXINIA Stereptocarpus ionantha AFRICAN VIOLET Streptocarpus saxorum FALSE AFRICAN VIOLET CALCEOLARIACEAE Calceolaria spp. SLIPPER FLOWER, SLIPPER-WORTH, POCKETBOOK PLANT PLANTAGINACEAE SPEEDWELL FAMILY 99 GENERA AND ±1900 SPECIES Angelonia angustifolia NARROWLEAF ANGELONIA, SUMMER SNAPDRAGON Antirrhinum majus SNAPDRAGON Bacopa monnieri WATER HYSSOP, INDIAN PENNYWORT, HERB OF GRACE Digitalis purpurea FOXGLOVE Linaria maroccana TOADFLAX, BUTTER, AND EGGS, BABY SNAPDRAGON Rhodochiton atrosanguineum PURPLE BELL VINE Russelia equisetiformis FOUNTAINBUSH, CORAL FOUNTAIN Veronica peduncularis SPEEDWELL Veronica (= Hebe) speciosa NEW ZEALAND HEBE, SHOWY HEBE SCROPHULARIACEAE FIGWORT FAMILY 59 GENERA AND ±1830 SPECIES Buddleja davidii BUTTERFLY BUSH, SUMMER LILAC Chaenostoma cordatum SNOW STORM, GIANT SNOWFLAKE Leucophyllum frutescens TEXAS SAGE, TEXAS BAROMETER BUSH, CENIZO Myoporum parvifolium CREEPING BOOBIALLA, SMALL LEAVED MYOPORUM Verbascum phoeniceum PURPLE MULLEIN, VELVET PLANT LINDERNIACEAE FALSE-PIMPERNEL FAMILY 25 GENERA AND ±260 SPECIES Torenia fournieri WISHBONE FLOWER, BLUEWING FLOWER PEDALIACEAE SESAME FAMILY 13 GENERA AND 74 SPECIES Uncarina grandidieri MOUSE TRAP TREE ACANTHACEAE ACANTHUS FAMILY, BEAR’S-BREECHES FAMILY ±225 GENERA and ±4000 SPECIES Acanthus spinosus SPINY BEAR’S BREECHES Crossandra infundibuliformis FIRECRACKER FLOWER Justicia amplifolia ORANGE FLAME JUSTICIA, GOLDEN CROWN JACOBINIA Justicia aurea YELLOW JACOBINA Justicia brandegeana SHRIMP PLANT Justicia carnea BRAZILIAN PLUME FLOWER, FLAMINGO FLOWER, JACOBINIA Justicia spicigera MEXICAN HONEYSUCKLE, FIRECRACKER BUSH Megaskepasma erythrochlamys RED-CLOAK, BRAZILEAN PLUME Odontonema cuspidatum FIRESPIKE, MOTLED-TOOTHED THREAD Pachystachys coccinea BRAZILIAN PLUME, CARDINAL’S GUARD Pachystachys lutea YELLOW CANDLES, LILLIPOP PLANT, GOLDEN SHRIMP PLANT Pachystachys spicata CARDINAL’S GUARD, CHANDELIER Peristrophe hyssopifolia “Aureo-variegata” MARBLELEAF Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum SHOOTING STAR, PURPLE DAZZLER Ruellia simplex MEXICAN PETUNIA Ruellia caroliniensis WILD PETUNIA, CAROLINA PETUNIA Sanchezia speciosa SHRUBBY WHITEVEIN Strobilanthes dyeranus PERSIAN SHIELD Thunbergia alata BLACK-EYED SUSAN VINE Thunbergia erecta BUSH CLOCK VINE, KING’S MANTLE Thunbergia grandiflora BLUE SKY FLOWER, BENGAL TRUMPET VINE, BLUE TRUMPET VINE Thunbergia mysorensis BRICK AND BUTTER VINE, LADY SLIPPER VINE, DOLLS SHOES BIGNONIACEAE BIGNONIA FAMILY 85 GENERA AND ±845 SPECIES Adenocalymma comosum YELLOW TRUMPET VINE Bignonia callistegioides PAINTED TRUMPET VINE, ARGENTINE TRUMPET VINE Bignonia capreolata CROSS VINE Bignonia magnifica GLOWVINE, PURPLE BIGNONIA Campsis radicans TRUMPET VINE, TRUMPET CREEPER Crescentia cujete CALABASH TREE Dolichandra unguis-cati CAT’S-CLAW VINE, CAT’S-CLAW CREEPER Handroanthus chrysotrichus GOLDEN TRUMPET, TRUMPET TREE, ROBLE Jacaranda mimosifolia JACARANDA Kigelia africana SAUSAGE TREE Pandorea jasminoides BOWER PLANT, VINE PLANT Pyrostegia venusta FLAME VINE, GOLDEN SHOWER Spathodea campanulata AFRICAN TULIP TREE Tabebuia berteroi HISPANIOLAN ROSY TRUMPET TREE Tecoma stans YELLOW ELDER; YELLOW BELLS Tecomanthe dendrophila NEW GUINEA TRUMPET VINE LENTIBULARIACEAE BLADDERWORT FAMILY 3 GENERA AND 316 SPECIES PINGUICULA SPP. BUTTERWORTS 146 SPECIES VERBENACEAE VERBENA FAMILY 34 GENERA AND 1071 SPECIES Duranta erecta GOLDEN DEWDROPS, SKY FLOWER Glandularia tampensis TAMPA VERBENA, TAMPA MOCK VERVAIN Lantana camara LANTANA, YELLOW SAGE Lantana involucrata WILD-SAGE, BUTTONSAGE Lantana trifolia TREELEAF SHRUBVERBENA Lantana montevidensis TRAILING LANTANA, WEEPING LANTANA Petrea volubilis QUEEN’S WREATH, SANDPAPER VINE Verbena × hybrida GARDEN VERBENA LAMIACEAE (= LABIATAE) MINT FAMILY, SAGE FAMILY 250 GENERA AND ±7850 SPECIES Ajuga reptans BUGLEWEED Callicarpa americana AMERICAN BEAUTYBERRY, FRENCH MULBERRY Clerodendrum spp. CLERODENDRUMS Coleus scutellarioides COLEUS Leonotis leonurus LION’S-EAR Holmskioldia sanguinea MANDARIN HAT, PARASOL FLOWER Monarda didyma BERGAMOT, SCARLET BEE BALM Orthosiphon aristatus CAT’S WHISKERS, JAVA TEA Plectranthus parviflorus SWEDISH IVY Plectranthus ‘Mona Lavender’ HYBRID LAVENDER, LAVENDER SPUR FLOWER Salvia splendens SCARLET SAGE Salvia × sylvestris ‘Mainacht’ WOOD SAGE, MAY NIGHT SALVIA Scutellaria indica JAPANESE SKULLCAP, HELMET FLOWER PAULOWNIACEAE PAULOWNIA FAMILY 3 GENERA AND 8 SPECIES Paulownia tomentosa PRINCESS TREE, EMPRESS TREE HELWINGIACEAE HELWINGIA FAMILY 1 GENUS AND 4 SPECIES Helwingia japonica JAPANESE HELWINGIA AQUIFOLIACEAE HOLLY FAMILY 3 GENERA AND ABOUT ±500 SPECIES Ilex × attenuata (Ilex cassine × I. opaca) COMMON NAMES VARY WITH CULTIVAR Ilex cassine DAHOON HOLLY Ilex cornuta CHINESE HOLLY Ilex crenata JAPANESE HOLLY Ilex latifolia LUSTERLEAF HOLLY Ilex opaca AMERICAN HOLLY Ilex rotunda KUROGANE HOLLY, ROUND HOLLY Ilex vomitoria YAUPON HOLLY CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWERS, CANTERBURY BELLS 84 GENERA AND ±2400 SPECIES Campanula elatines ADRIATIC BELLFLOWER Canarina canariensis CANARY BELLFLOWER Lobelia erinus TRAILING LOBELIA, EDGING LOBELIA GOODENIACEAE GOODENIA OR FANFLOWER FAMILY 12 GENERA AND ±400 SPECIES Scaevola aemula FAIRY FAN FLOWER Scaevola taccada SCAEVOLA, BEACH CABBAGE, BEACH NAUPAKA ASTERACEAE (= COMPOSITAE) DAISY FAMILY, ASTER FAMILY, SUNFLOER FAMILY ±1900 GENERA AND 32,000 SPECIES Achillea millefolium COMMON YARROW Ageratum houstonianum FLOSS FLOWER Aster spp. ASTER, MICHAELMAS-DAISIES Bellis perennis COMMON DAISY, ENGLISH DAISY Chrysanthemum indicum CHRYSANTHEMUM Coreopsis spp. CALLIOPSIS, TICKSEED Cosmos bipinnatus COSMOS Dahlia Cultivars DAHLIA Echinacea purpurea ECHINACEA Erigeron speciosus DAISY FLEABANE Euryops pectinatus GOLDEN DAISY BUSH Farfugium japonicum LEOPARD PLANT, GREEN LEOPARD PLANT Gaillardia pulchella FIREWHEEL, INDIAN BLANKET FLOWER Gazania spp. TREASURE FLOWERS Gerbera jamesonii GERBERA DAISY Gynura aurantiaca PURPLE PASSION, VELVET PLANT Helianthus angustifolius NARROW-LEAVED SUNFLOWER, SWAMP SUNFLOWER Helianthus annus SUNFLOWER Inula racemosa INDIAN ELECAMPAIN, PUSHKAMOOLA Jacobaea maritima DUSTY MILLER, SILVER RAGWORT Leucanthemum × superbum SHASTA DAISY Liatris spp. BLAZING STAR, GAYFEATHER, BUTTON SNAKEROOT Melampodium divaricatum MELAMPODIUM, BLACKFOOT Osteospermum ecklonis AFRICAN DAISY, CAPE DAISY, CAPE MARGUERITE Pseudogynoxys chenopodioides MEXICAN FLAME VINE, ORANGE GLOW VINE Rudbeckia spp. CONE FLOWER, BLACK-EYED-SUSANS Santolina chamaecyparissus LAVENDER COTTON Senecio radicans STRING OF BANANAS, FISHHOOK SENECIO Tagetes erecta AFRICAN MARIGOLD Sphagneticola trilobata TRAILING DAISY, WEDELIA Tithonia diversifolia TREE MARIGOLD, MEXICAN SUNFLOWER Xerochrysum bracteatum STRAWFLOWER, EVERLASTING DAISY Zinnia elegans ZINNIA VIBURNACEAE (= ADOXACEAE) MOSCHATEL FAMILY 5 GENERA AND 225 SPECIES Viburnum obovatum WALTER’S VIBURNUM; BLACK HAW; SMALL-LEAF ARROWWOOD Viburnum odoratissimum SWEET VIBURNUM Viburnum plicatum DOUBLEFILE VIBURNUM; JAPANESE SNOWBALL BUSH Viburnum suspensum SANDANKWA VIBURNUM Viburnum tinus LAURUSTINUS CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY 28 GENERA AND ABOUT 825 SPECIES Linnea × grandiflora GLOSSY ABELIA Lonicera japonica JAPANESE HONEYSUCKLE Lonicera sempervirens CORAL HONEYSUCKLE Weigela florida WEIGELA PITTOSPORACEAE PITTOSPORUM FAMILY 7 (9) GENERA AND ±245 SPECIES Pittosporum tobira JAPANESE PITTOSPORUM, CHEESEWOOD ARALIACEAE ARALIA FAMILY, GINSENG FAMILY 43 GENERA AND ±1650 SPECIES ×Fatshedera lizei BUSH IVY Fatsia japonica FATSIA, JAPANESE ARALIA Hedera algeriensis ALGERIAN IVY Hedera helix ENGLISH IVY Schefflera actinophylla SCHEFFLERA, QUEENSLAND UMBRELLA TREE, OCTOPUS TREE Schefflera arboricola DWARF SCHEFFLERA Schefflera elegantissima FALSE ARALIA Tetrapanax papyrifer RICE PAPER PLANT APIACEAE (= UMBELLIFERAE) CELERY, CARROT, PARSELY FAMILY 347 (434) GENERA AND ± 3500 SPECIES Angelica spp. ANGELICA Glossary References References for Glossary Index