Aquatic Medicinal Plants

Description

The use of medicinal plants in herbal and modern medicine has gained popularity over the last few decades due to consumers taking more natural approaches to medicine. Aquatic medicinal plants are rich in bioactive compounds and demonstrate various commercial, nutraceutical, and biological applications. Aquatic Medicinal Plants offers the reader a wealth of information on uses of bioactive components of these plants, along with crucial references, and explains their traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. Features Provides information on aquatic and semiaquatic medicinal plants and their uses globally. Discusses phytochemical components with the known active constituents and their pharmaceutical applications. This volume in the Exploring Medicinal Plants series is appropriate for scientists, experts, and consultants associated with the exploration of aquatic medicinal plant usage. This book is an essential tool for identifying important aquatic medicinal plants and possibilities for the synthesis or preparation of modern drugs. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Editors 1 Phytochemicals and Medicinal Importance of Nelumbo Nucifera 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Physical Characteristics and Description 1.3 Chemical Constituents of Nelumbo Nucifera 1.4 Medicinal Properties of Nelumbo Nucifera 1.4.1 Anti-Ageing 1.4.2 Antidiabetic Activity 1.4.3 Anticancer Activity 1.4.4 Antidiarrhoeal Activity 1.4.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 1.4.6 Anti-Obesity Activity 1.4.7 Diuretic Activity 1.4.8 Hepatoprotective Activity 1.4.9 Antimicrobial Activity 1.4.10 Antipyretic Activity 1.4.11 Conclusion References 2 Traditional Uses, Important Phytochemicals, and Therapeutic Profile of Persicaria Hydropiper 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Traditional Uses as Food and Medicine 2.3 Bioactive Chemical Constituents 2.4 Pharmacological Studies 2.4.1 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 2.4.2 Antioxidant Activity 2.4.3 Antitumour Studies 2.4.4 Antinociceptive Studies 2.4.5 Antihyperglycaemic Studies 2.4.6 Antimicrobial Studies 2.4.7 Antihypertensive Studies 2.4.8 Other Pharmacological Studies 2.5 Effectiveness in Neurological Disorders 2.5.1 Alzheimer’s Disease 2.5.2 Neuroprotective Studies 2.5.3 Sedative and Anxiolytic Studies 2.5.4 Antidepressant Studies 2.6 Toxicological Aspects 2.6.1 Heavy Metal Content and Phytotoxicity 2.6.2 Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity 2.6.3 Topical Toxicity 2.6.4 Genotoxicity 2.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects References 3 Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activity of Marsilea Minuta 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Habitat and Distribution 3.1.1.1 Habitat 3.1.1.2 Distribution 3.1.2 Morphology, Anatomy, and Reproduction 3.1.2.1 Morphology 3.1.2.2 Anatomy 3.1.2.3 Reproduction 3.2 Chemical Composition of Marsilea Minuta 3.3 Ethnobotanical Uses 3.3.1 Uses of Cooked Plant 3.3.2 Uses of Raw Plant 3.3.3 Uses in Combination With Other Plants 3.4 Pharmacological Activities 3.4.1 Antioxidant Activity 3.4.2 DPPH Scavenging Activity 3.4.3 Antimicrobial Activity 3.4.4 Antitussive Activity 3.4.5 Anti-Aggressive Activity 3.4.6 Antidepressant Activity 3.4.7 Antipyretic and Analgesic Activity 3.4.8 Antidiabetic Activity 3.4.9 Antitumour Activity 3.4.10 Hepatoprotective Activity 3.4.11 Antihyperlipidaemic Activity 3.4.12 Antifertility Activity 3.5 Conclusion References 4 Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Hedychium Coronarium 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Traditional Uses 4.3 Phytochemistry 4.4 Pharmacological Activities 4.4.1 Anti-Urolithiatic Activity 4.4.2 Antimicrobial Activity 4.4.3 Insecticidal Activity 4.4.4 Anticancer Activity 4.4.5 Antioxidant Activity 4.4.6 Analgesic Activity 4.4.7 Antidiabetic Activity 4.4.8 Mosquito Larvicidal Activity 4.4.9 Antiplatelet Activity 4.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References 5 Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical, and Ethnomedicinal Review of Enhydra Fluctuans Lour. 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Ethnomedicinal Uses 5.3 Phytochemicals Present in Enhydra Fluctuans Are Responsible for Pharmacological Activates 5.4 Pharmacological Activities 5.4.1 Antioxidant Activity 5.4.2 Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity 5.4.3 Antidiabetic Activity 5.4.4 Antimicrobial Activity 5.4.5 Cytotoxic Activity 5.4.6 Anticancer Activity 5.4.7 Other Pharmacological Activities 5.4.7.1 Thrombolytic 5.4.7.2 Cytoprotective 5.4.7.3 Central Nervous System Depressant 5.4.7.4 Hepatoprotective 5.4.7.5 Phagocytic 5.4.7.6 Antidiarrhoeal 5.4.8 Conclusion References 6 Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Acorus Calamus 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Traditional Medicinal Claims 6.3 Phytochemicals 6.4 Pharmacological Potential 6.4.1 Anti-Inflammation and Immunomodulation Effect 6.4.2 Antioxidant Potential 6.4.3 Neuroprotective Effect 6.4.4 Anticancer Activity 6.4.5 Antimicrobial Activity 6.4.6 Other Biological Activities 6.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References 7 Recent Update On Medicinal Properties of Rotula Aquatica Lour. 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Phytochemistry 7.3 Pharmacological Properties 7.3.2 Antioxidant Activity 7.3.2 Anti-Urolithiatic Activity 7.3.3 Antibacterial Activity 7.3.4 Anthelmintic Activity 7.3.5 Anti-Inflammatory Effect 7.3.6 Anti-Nephrotoxic Activity 7.3.7 Antidiabetic Activity 7.3.8 Antidiarrhoeal Activity 7.3.9 Anticancer Activity 7.3.10 Acute Toxicity Test 7.4 Conclusion References 8 An Overview of Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Profile of Sphaeranthus Indicus 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Overview of Traditional Uses of Sphaeranthus Indicus 8.2.1 Morphology 8.2.2 Chemical Components 8.3 Pharmacological Activity 8.3.1 Anxiolytic Properties 8.3.2 Neuroleptic Activity 8.3.3 Effects of Sedation 8.3.4 Immunomodulatory Properties 8.3.5 Antioxidant Properties 8.3.6 Anti-Inflammatory Properties 8.3.7 Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity 8.3.8 Mast Cell Stabilizing Action 8.3.9 Antihyperglycaemic Activity 8.3.10 Hepatoprotective Activity 8.3.11 Skin Disease 8.3.12 Antimicrobial Activity 8.3.13 Antifungal Activity 8.3.14 Antiviral Activity 8.3.15 Action Against Nematodes 8.3.16 Effect of Bronchodilation 8.3.17 Activity Against Hyperlipidaemia 8.3.18 Renoprotective Properties 8.3.19 Unrelated Activities 8.4 Discussion 8.5 Conclusion References 9 Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacological Importance of Pistia Stratiotes L. (Hemsl) A. Grey (Araceae) 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Methods 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.3.1 Ethnomedicinal Uses of Pistia Stratiotes 9.3.2 Chemical Composition of Pistia Stratiotes 9.3.3 Proximate Composition of Pistia Stratiotes 9.3.4 Biological Activities of Pistia Stratiotes 9.3.4.1 Analgesic Activity 9.3.4.2 Anthelmintic Activity 9.3.4.3 Anti-Allergic Activity 9.3.4.4 Antiarthritic Activity 9.3.4.5 Antidiabetic Activity 9.3.4.6 Antidiarrhoeal Activity 9.3.4.7 Antifungal Activity 9.3.4.8 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 9.3.4.9 Antimicrobial Activity 9.3.4.10 Antioxidant Activity 9.3.4.11 Antipyretic Activity 9.3.4.12 Anti-Spermatogenic Activity 9.3.4.13 Antitumour Activity 9.3.4.14 Blood Pressure Alteration Activity 9.3.4.15 Diuretic Activity 9.3.4.16 Hepatoprotective Activity 9.3.4.17 Muscular Relaxation Activity 9.3.4.18 Neuropharmacological Activity 9.3.4.19 Wound Healing Activity 9.3.5 Toxicity and Cytotoxicity 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Biological Activities and Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L. 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 Distribution 10.1.2 Habitat 10.2 Biological Activities of Arundo Donax L. 10.2.1 Phytochemical Effects 10.2.2 Pharmacological Effects 10.2.3 Effect On Milk Production and Fattening Performance 10.2.4 Effect On Central Nervous System 10.2.5 Effects On Smooth Muscles 10.3 Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L. 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Sagittaria Sagittifolia: An Important Aquatic Medicinal Plant With Numerous Applications 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Some Applications of Sagittaria Sagittifolia 11.3 Medicinal Uses of Sagittaria Sagittifolia 11.4 Discussion 11.5 Conclusion References 12 Pharmacological and Phytochemical Potential of Laurencia Obtusa (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux: A Red Marine Alga 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Phytochemicals of Laurencia Obtusa 12.2.1 Brominated Labdane Diterpenoid 12.2.2 C15 Acetogenins 12.2.3 Sesquiterpenes 12.3 Recent Progress in Pharmaceutical Use of Laurencia Obtusa 12.3.1 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 12.3.2 Antioxidant Activity 12.3.3 Antimicrobial Activity 12.3.4 Antifungal Activity 12.3.5 Antitumour Activity 12.3.6 Antiviral (Anti-Hepatitis C Virus) Activity 12.3.7 Use of Laurentia Obtusa in the Development of Probiotic Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 12.4 Dietary Laurencia Obtusa in Enhancing Growth and Blood Indices 12.5 Laurentia Obtusa as Biofertilizer in the Growth of Zea Mays 12.6 Nanoparticles and Their Pharmaceutical Use 12.6.1 Antitumour Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized By Laurencia Obtusa and Other Algae 12.6.2 Silver Nanoparticles From Polysaccharide of Laurencia Obtusa 12.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives Acknowledgements References 13 Brown Algae (Phaeophyta): A Source of Different Phytochemicals and Their Medicinal Applications 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Brown Algae Medicinal Applications 13.2.1 Folk Medicinal Uses of Brown Seaweed 13.2.2 Antioxidant Activity 13.2.3 Antidiabetic Activity 13.2.4 Cytotoxic Activity 13.2.5 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 13.2.6 Antimicrobial Activity 13.2.7 Anticoagulant Activity 13.2.8 Anti-Osteoarthritis Activity 13.2.9 Cosmetics Application 13.2.10 Miscellaneous Activities 13.3 Phytoconstituents 13.3.1 Terpenoids 13.3.2 Sterols 13.3.3 Fatty Acids and Hydrocarbons 13.3.4 Phenolic Compounds 13.3.5 Miscellaneous Compounds 13.4 Conclusion and Future Perspective References 14 Phytochemical and Bioactive Compounds of Green Algae (Chlorophyta) and Their Applications 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites in Green Algae 14.2.1 Alkaloids 14.2.1.1 Binsidole Alkaloids 14.2.1.2 Other Alkaloids 14.3 Terpenes 14.3.1 Monoterpenoids 14.3.2 Carotenoids 14.3.3 Sesquiterpenes 14.3.4 Diterpenoids 14.3.5 Triterpenoids 14.3.6 Steroids and Fatty Acids 14.3.7 Glycerol and Lipids 14.4 Significance of Green Algae (Chlorophyta) 14.4.1 Biochemical Compounds in Green Algae for Formation of Sex Steroid Hormones 14.4.2 Significance of Steroidal Compounds in Reproductive Health 14.5 Therapeutic Use of Chlorophyta 14.5.1 Anti-Cancerous Properties of Chlorophyta 14.5.2 Antioxidant Properties 14.5.3 Antiviral Properties 14.5.4 Antibacterial Properties 14.5.5 Anti-Inflammatory, Antilipidaemic, and Hypocholesterolaemic Activity 14.5.6 Anticoagulant Properties 14.5.7 Use in Cosmetics 14.5.8 Natural Colouring Agent in Mojosari Ducks 14.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives References 15 Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Red Algae (Rhodophyta) 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Chemical Composition of Red Algae 15.2.1 Primary Metabolites 15.2.2 Secondary Metabolites (Bioactive Compounds) 15.3 Biological Activities 15.3.1 Antioxidant Activities 15.3.2 Antimicrobial Activity 15.3.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity 15.3.4 Anticancer/Antitumour Activities 15.4 Conclusion References Index