Synergistic Design of Sustainable Built Environments

Description

Synergistic Design of Sustainable Built Environments introduces and illustrates a novel systems approach that fosters both design excellence and a leap toward a more biocentric (ecologically sustainable) design paradigm. The book provides a deeper understanding of the theories and principles of biocentric design and offers detailed descriptions of the synergistic design process of integrating theories and principles into practice. It also presents extensive thermal and visual built environment design strategies, along with qualitative and quantitative information that designers can use to generate feasible solutions in response to varying climate and occupant comfort. Features: Examines the principles and practices of the synergistic design (a fusion of anthropocentric and biocentric) of sustainable built environments and how they relate to practical applications. Presents climatic data and its analysis along with sun-path diagrams for numerous cities to aid in the design of sustainable built environments in multiple regional contexts. Includes numerous case studies of sustainable built environments in varying climatic zones. Explains how renewable energy (solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydro, fuel cells) can be successfully integrated in the built environment. This forward-thinking and highly illustrated book will be an invaluable reference to all those concerned with sustainable built environments and related architectural issues. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Author List of Abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Built Environment 1.3 Climate-Responsive Architecture 1.4 Sustainable Development and Sustainability 1.5 Technological (High-Performance) Design Paradigm 1.5.1 Technical Approach 1.5.2 Regulatory Approach 1.5.3 Rating System Approach 1.6 Biocentric (Ecological) Design Paradigm 1.6.1 Ecological Theories 1.6.2 Life Cycle Assessment 1.6.3 Systems Approach 1.7 Synergistic Design References Chapter 2 Climate and Thermal Comfort 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Earth and Its Atmosphere 2.3 Solar Radiation 2.4 Global Climate 2.5 Climate and Its Classification 2.6 Elements of Climates 2.6.1 Temperature and Humidity 2.6.2 Cloud and Sunshine 2.6.3 Irradiation 2.6.4 Wind 2.6.5 Precipitation 2.7 Solar Geometry 2.8 Thermal Comfort 2.8.1 Thermal Balance of Human Body 2.8.2 Parameters of Thermal Comfort 2.8.3 Thermoregulation 2.8.4 Thermal Neutrality 2.9 Environmental Indices and Comfort Zone 2.10 Cooling and Heating Degree-Days References Chapter 3 Thermal Environment Design Strategies 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Passive Design Strategies 3.2.1 Bioclimatic Analysis 3.2.2 Passive Solar Heating 3.2.3 Passive Thermal Mass 3.2.4 Comfort Ventilation 3.2.5 Evaporative Cooling 3.3 Hybrid (Low Energy) Design Strategies 3.3.1 Earth-Sheltered Design 3.3.2 Solar Chimney 3.3.3 Night Flush Cooling 3.3.4 Passive Downdraft Cooling 3.3.5 Passive Radiant Cooling 3.4 Thermal Behavior of the Built Environment 3.4.1 Thermo-Physical Properties 3.4.2 Sol-Sir Temperature (Tsa) 3.4.3 Space Heating Requirements 3.4.4 Space Cooling Requirements 3.4.5 Dynamic Models 3.5 Energy-Efficient Active Design Strategies 3.5.1 Space Heating Systems 3.5.2 Mechanical Ventilation 3.5.3 Air Conditioning 3.5.4 Radiant Heating and Cooling with DOAS 3.6 Solar Control Design 3.6.1 High-Performance Glasses 3.6.2 External Shading Devices References Chapter 4 Luminous Environment Design Strategies 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Fundamentals of Light 4.2.1 Physics of Light 4.2.1.1 Attributes of Light 4.2.1.2 Color of Light 4.2.1.3 Color of Surfaces 4.2.1.4 Transmission of Light 4.2.2 Vision 4.2.2.1 The Eye and Brain 4.2.2.2 Threshold Visual Performance 4.2.2.3 Lighting Requirements 4.2.2.4 Glare 4.2.3 Daylight Availability 4.2.3.1 Sky Conditions 4.3 Daylighting Design Strategies 4.3.1 Side Lighting 4.3.2 Top Lighting 4.3.3 Light-Guiding System 4.3.3.1 Light Shelf 4.3.3.2 Light-Guiding Shades 4.3.3.3 Prismatic Panel 4.3.3.4 Light-Guiding Glass 4.3.3.5 Laser-Cut Panel 4.3.3.6 Anidolic Ceiling 4.3.3.7 Anidolic Zenithal Openings 4.3.3.8 Anidolic Solar Blinds 4.3.3.9 Zenithal Light-Guiding Glass with Holographic Optical Elements 4.3.4 Light Transmission System 4.4 Daylight Prediction Methods 4.4.1 IESNA Lumen Method 4.4.2 Daylight Factor Method 4.4.3 Computer Modeling 4.4.4 Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) 4.4.5 Physical Modeling 4.5 Electric Lighting as a Supplement to Daylighting 4.5.1 Electric Lighting Control References Chapter 5 Renewable Energy 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Energy 5.2.1 Forms of Energy 5.2.2 Sources of Energy 5.2.3 Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems 5.2.4 Plug Load 5.3 Solar Energy 5.3.1 Solar Thermal Systems 5.3.2 Photovoltaic Systems 5.4 Wind Energy 5.4.1 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) 5.4.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) 5.5 Other Renewables 5.5.1 Biomass 5.5.2 Geothermal Energy 5.5.3 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell 5.5.4 Hydropower 5.6 Energy Storage and Smart Grid 5.6.1 Electrochemical Storage 5.6.2 Mechanical Storage 5.6.3 Chemical Storage 5.6.4 Phase Change Materials 5.6.5 Smart Grid References Chapter 6 Design Case Studies 6.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces 6.2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center, Honolulu, Hawaii (Zone 1A Very Hot Humid, COTE 2017) 6.2.1 Design Intentions 6.2.2 Climate and Site 6.2.3 Daylight and Thermal Design 6.2.4 Energy Systems 6.2.5 Sustainable Thinking 6.3 Stanford University Central Energy Facility, Stanford (Zone 3C Warm Marine, COTE 2017) 6.3.1 Design Intentions 6.3.2 Climate and Site 6.3.3 Daylight and Thermal Design 6.3.4 Energy Systems 6.3.5 Sustainable Thinking 6.4 Edith Green–Wendell Wyatt (EGWW) Federal Building, Portland (Zone 4C Mixed Marine, COTE 2016) 6.4.1 Design Intentions 6.4.2 Climate and Site 6.4.3 Daylight and Thermal Design 6.4.4 Energy Systems 6.4.5 Sustainable Thinking 6.5 National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado (Zone 5B Cool Dry, COTE 2011) 6.5.1 Design Intentions 6.5.2 Climate and Site 6.5.3 Daylight and Thermal Design 6.5.4 Energy Systems 6.5.5 Sustainable Thinking 6.6 University of Wyoming – Visual Arts Facility, Laramie, Wyoming (Zone 6B – Cold Dry, COTE 2016) 6.6.1 Design Intentions 6.6.2 Climate and Site 6.6.3 Daylight and Thermal Design 6.6.4 Energy Systems 6.6.5 Sustainable Thinking References Chapter 7 Climate Data and Sun-Path Diagrams 7.1 Introduction References Index