Achieving Sustainable Cultivation of Barley

Description

This collection reviews advances in research on improving barley cultivation across the value chain. Part 1 reviews advances in understanding barley physiology in such areas as plant growth, grain development and plant response to abiotic stress. Chapters also review of current developments in exploiting genetic diversity and mapping the barley genome. Building on this foundation, the second part of the book summarises advances in breeding with chapters on breeding trial design as well as advances in molecular breeding techniques such as genome wide association studies (GWAS) and targeted induced lesions in genomes (TILLING). Part 3 looks further along the value chain at ways of optimising cultivation practices. There are chapters on post-harvest storage as well as fungal diseases, weeds and integrated methods for their management. The final part of the book assesses current developments in optimising barley for particular end uses such as malting, brewing and animal feed as well as current research on the nutraceutical properties of barley. Achieving sustainablecultivation of barley Contents Series list Introduction Part 1 Plant physiology and genetics Chapter 1 Advances in understanding of barley plant physiology: plant development and architecture 1 Introduction 2 Barley plant structure/morphology and growth habit 3 Molecular control of vegetative development 4 Molecular control of reproductive development 5 Implications for breeding 6 References Chapter 2 Advances in understanding barley plant physiology: responses to abiotic stress 1 Introduction 2 Cold acclimation: a coordinated metabolic rearrangement leading to frost tolerance 3 New methodologies for dissecting an old phenotype: resilience to drought 4 Adaptation to soil salinity 5 Low nitrogen: a stress condition matching crop sustainability 6 Adaptation to environment: a key target for future breeding improvement 7 Acknowledgements 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 3 Advances in the understanding of barley plant physiology: factors determining grain development, composition, and chemistry 1 Introduction 2 Spike growth and how it influences traits of the grain 3 Role of cell death in barley grain development 4 Sucrose allocation during the grain-filling stage 5 The use of starch in the developing caryopsis 6 Proteins and barley grain quality 7 Particularities of energy metabolism in barley grain 8 Functional orchestration of the barley grain 9 Conclusion 10 Acknowledgements 11 Where to look for further information 12 References Chapter 4 Exploring barley germplasm for yield improvement under sulphur-limiting environments 1 Introduction 2 The origins of barley 3 Genetic diversity in barley 4 Using genetic diversity in breeding 5 The role of sulphur in barley growth 6 Assessing the effects of sulphur nutrition on barley and wheat grain yield 7 The effects of sulphur on yield, quality and response to stress 8 Farming systems and sulphur nutrition 9 Genotypic differences in sulphur use 10 Conclusion 11 Acknowledgement 12 References Chapter 5 Mapping and exploiting the barley genome: techniques for mapping genes and relating them to desirable traits 1 Introduction 2 New possibilities for genetic mapping in the genomics era 3 Classical mapping strategies and their improvement in the genomics era 4 The association mapping boom 5 Multiparental populations: the perfect balance? 6 From an interval to the causal gene: from high-resolution mapping to gene cloning 7 Emerging mapping strategies: fast NGS-enabled technologies 8 Conservation of barley germplasm 9 Genetic and genomic resources of barley 10 Case study: from rym4 to rym11, illustration of paradigm shift in disease resistance mapping and cloning 11 Conclusion and future trends 12 Acknowledgement 13 Where to look for further information 14 References Part 2 Advances in breeding Chapter 6 Advanced designs for barley breeding experiments 1 Introduction 2 Background to experimental design of field trials 3 Designs for late-generation field trials 4 Designs for early generation field trials 5 Incorporating a genetic relationship matrix 6 Multi-phase design for laboratory experiments 7 Conclusions 8 References Chapter 7 Advances in molecular breeding techniques for barley: genome-wide association studies (GWAS) 1 Introduction 2 Progress in barley breeding 3 Mapping of malting quality and yield traits 4 Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) mapping in barley 5 Application of results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in barley improvement 6 Conclusion and future trends 7 Acknowledgements 8 References Chapter 8 Advances in molecular breeding techniques for barley: targeted induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING) 1 Introduction 2 Technical details on artificial mutagenesis and mutation discovery in TILLING 3 TILLING resources in barley 4 Current and future trends of barley TILLING 5 TILLING versus other reverse genetics tools in barley 6 Conclusion 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Part 3 Cultivation techniques, pest and disease management Chapter 9 Advances in postharvest storage and handling of barley: methods to prevent or reduce mycotoxin contamination 1 Introduction 2 Postharvest handling and storage operations for barley 3 Mycoflora and mycotoxins in barley 4 Prevention or decontamination of mycotoxins in barley storage 5 Post-storage treatment of barley 6 Conclusion and future trends 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 10 Fungal diseases affecting barley 1 Introduction 2 Understanding plant genetic resistance to fungal pathogens 3 Biotrophic foliar diseases: stem rust 4 Leaf rust 5 Stripe rust 6 Powdery mildew 7 Necrotrophic diseases: spot blotch 8 Net blotch 9 Ramularia leaf spot 10 Septoria speckled leaf blotch 11 Scald 12 Fusarium head blight 13 A seed-borne disease: barley stripe 14 Conclusion 15 References Chapter 11 Integrated disease management of barley 1 Introduction 2 Barley production context: requirements and constraints 3 Diseases overview 4 Inoculum management: sources and epidemiological conditions 5 Varietal resistance 6 Crop protectants 7 Agronomy 8 IPM knowledge sources and tools 9 Uptake and communication of IPM 10 Farming systems, soil and research platforms 11 Conclusion and future trends 12 Acknowledgements 13 Where to look for further information 14 References Chapter 12 Integrated weed management in barley cultivation 1 Introduction 2 Integrated Weed Management 3 Weed control tactics 4 IWM in practice 5 Examples of IWM in barley 6 Conclusion 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Part 4 Quality Chapter 13 Developing barley crops for improved malt quality 1 Introduction 2 Malting quality 3 Case study: modern varieties for twenty-first century brewing 4 A brief history of barley improvement in Australia 5 Requirements for successful programmes in malting quality improvement 6 Conclusion 7 Future trends 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 14 Developing barley crops for improved brewing quality 1 Introduction 2 Converting barley into beer 3 Breeding barley for the brewing process 4 Brewing traits related to the quality of the final product 5 Conclusion and future trends 6 Acknowledgements 7 Where to look for further information 8 References Chapter 15 Optimising the use of barley as an animal feed 1 Introduction 2 What is ‘feed barley’? 3 What do we want from ‘feed barley’? 4 Optimising feed barley use 5 Understanding and optimising feed barley quality for different livestock species 6 Future trends and research opportunities 7 Conclusion 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Chapter 16 Nutritional and bioactive compounds in barley 1 Introduction 2 Key issues and challenges 3 Barley bioactives 4 Health benefits of barley foods 5 Enhancing barley bioactivity 6 Summary 7 Future trends 8 Where to look for further information 9 References Index