Christology and Metaphysics in the Seventeenth Century

Description

Richard Cross explores the largely uncharted territory of seventeenth-century Christology, paying close attention to its metaphysical and semantic presuppositions and consequences. He shows that theologians of all stripes develop and expand theories that are associated respectively with the medieval theologians Thomas Aquinas and Duns Scotus. Italian and French Dominicans follow Aquinas closely, read through the lens of Cardinal Cajetan. But most Iberian Dominicans incorporate Suárez's theory of modes into their account, and Suárez, whose account is a modification of Scotus's, is in turn followed by his fellow Jesuits. Lutherans use Cajetan's account to fill explanatory gaps in their own accounts; and Reformed theologians by and large adapt the position associated with Scotus. The study ends with an account of Leibniz's Christology in its historical and conceptual context. Cover Christology and Metaphysics in the Seventeenth Century Copyright Dedication Preface Contents Abbreviations Glossary of Technical Terms Introduction: Two Theories of the Incarnation PART 1. A HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK 1. Union Theories 1.1 Duns Scotus 1.2 Some Later Variations 1.2.1 Durand of St Pourçain 1.2.2 A Lutheran Alternative 2. Communion Theories 2.1 Thomas Aquinas 2.2 Two Fourteenth-Century Variations 2.2.1 Peter Auriol 2.2.2 Gregory of Rimini 2.3 Thomistic Christology in the Later Middle Ages: John Capreolus 2.4 Canonical Thomism: Cajetan 2.5 A Lutheran Alternative 2.5.1 The Communion of Natures: Brenz and Andreae 2.5.2 Lessons from Thomism 2.5.2.1 Andreae and Valencia 2.5.2.2 Gerlach and Buys 3. Modes, Distinctions, and Theories of Predication 3.1 The Rediscovery of Modes 3.1.1 A Mode Theory for Created Subsistence: Fonseca and Buys 3.1.2 A Mode Theory for Divine Subsistence: Ursinus and Zanchi 3.2 Identity and Distinction 3.2.1 Some Christological Applications 3.2.2 Varieties of Distinction 3.3 Theories of Predication 3.3.1 Two Medieval Theories 3.3.2 A Lutheran Alternative 3.4 The Enhypostasia–Anhypostasia Distinction PART 2. UNION THEORIES IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHRISTOLOGY 4. Union Theories in Catholic Theology (1): Jesuits and Scotists 4.1 Jesuits 4.1.1 Suárez 4.1.2 Later Modifications 4.2 Scotist 4.2.1 Rada 4.2.2 Mastri 5. Union Theories in Catholic Theology (2): Thomists 5.1 Cabrera 5.2 Dominicans 5.2.1 Araújo 5.2.2 Godoy 5.3 The Salmanticenses 5.4 Union and Actualization: Some Brief Comments 6. Union Theories in Reformed Theology 6.1 Varieties of Hypostatic Dependence 6.2 Subsistence and the Anhypostasia 6.3 Enhypostasia and the Communication of Subsistence 6.3.1 Reductionism 6.3.2 Enhypostatic Subsistence Rejected 6.4 The Semantics of Personal Predications PART 3. COMMUNION THEORIES IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHRISTOLOGY 7. Communion Theories in Catholic Theology 7.1 Álvarez 7.2 Nazario 7.3 Poinsot (John of St Thomas) 7.4 Gonet 8. Communion Theories in Protestant Theology (1): Classical Christology 8.1 A Reformed Theologian: Polanus 8.2 Lutheran Theologians 8.2.1 Hutter 8.2.2 Calixt 9. Communion Theories in Protestant Theology (2): Homo Assumptus Christology 9.1 Brenzian Christology Extended 9.1.1 Hafenreffer 9.1.2 Meisner 9.2 The Classic Lutheran Theological System: Gerhard 9.3 The View from Tübingen 9.4 Later Modifications in High Lutheran Orthodoxy 9.4.1 Calov 9.4.2 Quenstedt PART 4. THE COMMUNICATIO IDIOMATUM 10. The Genus Idiomaticum 10.1 Classical Semantics for the Communicatio 10.1.1 Catholic Semantics 10.1.2 Reformed Semantics 10.2 Lutheran Semantics for the Genus Idiomaticum 10.2.1 Some Shared Assumptions 10.2.2 Classical Christology: Hutter 10.2.3 Homo Assumptus Christology 10.2.3.1 Hafenreffer 10.2.3.2 Meisner 10.2.3.3 Gerhard 10.2.3.4 The View from Tübingen 10.2.3.5 Terminological Standardization 11. The Genus Maiestaticum (1): A Lutheran Extension 11.1 The Semantics of the Genus Maiestaticum 11.1.1 Meisner 11.1.2 Gerhard 11.2 Divine Activity and Christ’s Human Nature 11.2.1 Points of Lutheran Consensus 11.2.2 Towards an Analysis 11.2.2.1 Hunn 11.2.2.2 Gerhard 11.2.2.3 Calov 11.2.2.4 The View from Tübingen 11.3 Hypostatic Union and Bodily Omnipresence 11.3.1 The Nature of Divine Omnipresence 11.3.1.1 The Theologians of Tübingen and Giessen 11.3.1.2 Gerhard 11.3.2 Varieties of Presence Relations 11.3.2.1 The Theologians of Tübingen and Giessen 11.3.2.2 Gerhard 12. The Genus Maiestaticum (2): Ecumenical Ventures 12.1 Objections 12.2 Anglican Compromises 12.2.1 Richard Hooker 12.2.2 Joseph Hall 12.3 Leibniz’s Christology in Context Concluding Remarks Appendix: Bellarmine’s De Controversiis and Leibniz’s De Persona: Some Textual Parallels Bibliography Manuscripts Printed primary sources Secondary sources Index