The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present

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"The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE explores the conception and utilization of the Greek past in the Roman province of Achaea in the 2nd century CE, and the reception of the artistic, cultural, and intellectual outputs of this century in later periods. Achaea, often defined by international scholars as "old Greece", was the only Roman province located entirely within the confines of the Modern Greek state. In many ways, Achaea in the 2nd Century CE witnessed a second Golden Age, one based on collective historical nostalgia under Roman imperial protection and innovation. The papers in this volume are holistic in scope, with special emphasis on Roman imperial relations with the people of Achaea and their conceptualizations of their past. Material culture, monumental and domestic spaces, and artistic representations are discussed, as well as the literary output of individuals like Plutarch, Herodes Atticus, Aelius Aristides, and others. The debate over Roman influence in various Hellenic cities and the significance of collective historical nostalgia also feature in this volume, as does the utilization of Achaea's past in the Roman present within the wider empire. As this century has produced the highest percentage of archaeological and literary material from the Roman period in the province under consideration, the time is ripe to position it more firmly in the academic discourse of studies of the Roman Empire. The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE will appeal to scholars, students, and other individuals who are interested in the history, archaeology, art, and literature of the Graeco-Roman world and its reception"-- Cover Half Title Series Page Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Preface Maps Chapter 1: Introduction: Collective historical nostalgia in 2nd-century Achaea Notes Bibliography Primary sources Secondary sources Part I: Social and Literary Approaches to Achaea’s Past in the 2nd Century CE Chapter 2: Memory and identity among the ephebes of 2nd-century Achaea Athens: remembering the hoplite Sparta: the customs of Lycurgus Messene: Ephebes and the construction of civic identity Notes Bibliography Chapter 3: Pausanias book X: A detour to the fringes of “classical” Greece Pausanias and “all things Greek” Greece of the poleis and Greece of the ethne : why book X? The 2nd-century experience in the fringes of “Classical Greece” Pausanias, Phocis, and the presence of the past Notes Bibliography Chapter 4: Hadrian and the dramatic festivals of Achaea Notes Bibliography Chapter 5: The battle of Chaeronea: nostalgia vs. idealism in 2nd-century Greek prose Introduction Pausanias’ Chaeronea: Panhellenism’s last gasp and Athenian heroism Plutarch of (Roman) Chaeronea Chaeronea and Greek idealism Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part II: The Greek Past in the Roman Present: Politics and Religion Chapter 6: Hadrianos Olympios Panhellenios : Worshipping Hadrian in Athens Introduction Worshipping Hadrian in Athens: an overview of the evidence Cult places, festivals, and priests for Hadrian Hadrian (Zeus) Olympios Philhellenism and classicism Between Panhellenism and Athenocentrism Epilogue Notes Bibliography Chapter 7: Remembering Philopoemen: Achaean pasts and presents of Messene under Rome Situating Messene within the koinon of the Achaeans The past: 2nd century BCE The present: 2nd century CE Retelling the death of Philopoemen Memorializing Philopoemen in an Achaean metropolis Naming a new Philopoemen Visiting the treasury Conclusion: remembering Philopoemen under the Roman boot Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Chapter 8: Politics of the past: Marcus Aurelius and Commodus in Achaea The philosopher emperor and the past of Achaea Like father, like son? Commodus and Achaea The leading provincials between the Second Sophistic and imperial reality Conclusions: politics of the past in Antonine Achaea Notes Bibliography Chapter 9: Herodes Atticus and the sanctuaries of Achaea: Reinterpreting the Roman present via the Greek past Herodes and Panhellenic sanctuaries “Herodes’ space”: Attic sanctuaries and numinous landscapes Implications and conclusions Notes Bibliography Part III: Past and Present in the Visual Culture of “Old Greece” Chapter 10: Remembering classical Greece: Hadrianic and Antonine imperial portrait sculpture Introduction Hadrian The Antonines (138–192 CE) Conclusions Acknowledgments Notes Bibliography Chapter 11: Between the local past and a global phenomenon: Isiaca in 2nd-century Achaea Introduction Herodes Atticus and the Sanctuary of the Egyptian Gods in Marathon Pausanias and the sanctuary of Tithorea Conclusion: between the local past and a global phenomenon Notes Bibliography Chapter 12: Sculpture for “ordinary” people in 2nd-century Achaea 1 Introduction Portraits Honorific statues Funerary monuments Notes Bibliography Chapter 13: The past in the round: Roman provincial coinage in the Argolid Introduction Production and circulation Argos Perseus the Gorgon-Slayer Diomedes and the Palladion Troezen Father and son Epidaurus “In the country of the Epidaurians she bore a son…” Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part IV: Beyond Spatial and Temporal Boundaries: Hadrian and The Reception of Achaea’s Past Chapter 14: Hispania Graeca : Hadrian as a champion of Hellenic culture in the West Introduction Gades: searching for the emperor’s roots Travel, liberality, philhellenism Imperial influence on the private lives of some Hispanics: Tarraco Italica and Hadrian’s ideal city Italica, a Greek-style city in the West Games in Italica: the amphitheatre A Sophistic past for Italica and the emperor Epilogue: the re-discovery of Italica Notes Bibliography Chapter 15: “The City of Hadrian and not of Theseus”: A cultural history of Hadrian’s Arch Introduction The emperor and the arch: Hadrian as a new Theseus? From antiquity to the 19th century: Hadrian’s Arch in the Byzantine and Ottoman periods Modern reception Conclusion: Hadrian’s Arch between past and present Acknowledgements Notes Bibliography Chapter 16: Afterword Notes Bibliography Index