International Migration and Citizenship Today

Description

This completely revised and updated textbook explores the moral, economic, political, and cultural dimensions of the movement of people across international borders. In style and substance, it is designed to spark thoughtful discussions and to challenge readers to draw their own conclusions to questions such as how should democracies balance the rights of immigrants with those of citizens? What exactly constitutes persecution and how should we define a refugee? How should democracies allocate citizenship? Can and should a distinction be made between voluntary and forced migration, and does one group of migrants deserve admission more than the other? What does a reasonable border policy look like? The rise of populism, the vote for Brexit, and the unprecedented flow of refugees around the world are all evidence that these questions remain highly salient, controversial, and unresolved. The content has been thoroughly updated to cover: • Migration into Europe since 2015. • Climate change as a driver of migration and the concept of environmental refugees. • Unaccompanied minors fleeing gang violence, asylum for victims of domestic violence, family separation policies, and the building of a wall on the U.S./Mexican border. • The controversies surrounding the Danish cartoons, Charlie Hebdo, and hijabs as examples of the tensions in liberal democracies between free speech, individual freedom, religious expressions, and minority rights. • The Dream Act and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). • Demographic shifts and the debates around multiculturalism and diversity. • Guest-worker programs as alternatives to admitting immigrants. Intended as the main text for undergraduate classes on international migration, the book will also appeal to broad survey courses on world politics, comparative politics, international relations, global history, and more specialized courses on human rights, citizenship, and nationalism. Cover Endorsement Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents Figures Tables Acknowledgments Part 1 Introduction 1 The Nature of this Book Introduction Unique Modern Juxtaposition Focus On Liberal Democracies Two Questions and One Goal Types of Migrants Shaping Our Debates Moral Obligations Toward Migrants and Hosts Looking Ahead Notes Bibliography Part 2 Immigrants 2 Admitting Authorized Immigrants Introduction Family Connections Point System Attracting “high-Skilled” Immigrants Admission for Sale and By Chance Conclusion Notes Bibliography 3 Excluding Unauthorized Immigrants Introduction Border Control Deportation Discouragement Employer Sanctions Legal Status Immigration Reform Conclusion Notes Bibliography 4 Impact of Immigrants Introduction Economic Impact Political Impact Cultural Impact Demographic Impact Impact of Immigration On Sending Countries Conclusion Notes Bibliography 5 Guest Workers Introduction History of Guest-Worker Programs Guest-worker Programs Today Guest-worker Programs in Illiberal Societies Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part 3 Refugees 6 Modern Efforts to Protect Refugees Introduction The Origin and Role of UNHCR Refugee Definition and Principle of Non-Refoulement Refugee Protection in the Cold War and Beyond Perceived Shortcomings of the Refugee Definition Well-founded Fear Individualized Fear Persecution By Non-Government Actors What Is Persecution? Universality Vs. Cultural Relativism Expanding the Definition of a Refugee “Others of Concern” Conclusion Notes Bibliography 7 Asylum in Liberal Democracies Introduction Asylum Controversies Migration Into Europe Since 2015 Asylum-seekers at the U.S./Mexican Border Externalizing Borders and “Push Backs” Offshoring Asylum Alternatives to Asylum Temporary Protection Repatriation Resettlement Financial Support Development Aid to the Sending Country Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part 4 Citizenship 8 Citizenship, Nationalism, and National Identity Introduction Nationalism and Nation-States The Rise of Nation-States, Sovereignty, and Democracy Citizenship, Identity, and Loyalty Acquiring Citizenship Citizenship Through Naturalization Rights of Non-Citizens Conclusion Notes Bibliography 9 Citizenship, Membership, and Belonging Introduction Responding to Diversity Assimilation, Integration, and Multiculturalism The Danish Cartoon Controversy Bans On Muslim Women’s Dress Conclusion Notes Bibliography Part 5 Conclusion 10 Beyond Conventional Approaches Summary of the Book Consider Allowing Non-Citizens to Vote Open More Migration Opportunities Prepare for Climate Change Migration Needed: A Nuanced Perspective Notes Bibliography Index