Introduction to Anatomy (Team-IRA)

Description

Anatomy is a branch of biology that is concerned with the identification and description of living organisms' internal structures. It comes from the Greek words ana and tomia, which mean up and cutting, respectively, and denotes cutting up or dissection when combined. The present book describes the historical aspects of anatomy, Anatomy of humans, Veterinary Anatomy and plants. This book also covered technological adoption in anatomy education. Use of virtual lab, three-Dimensional Digital Simulations, cloud technology, and Artificial intelligence in Anatomy education has also been covered. This book will be helpful for students, researchers and scholars to understand the complexity of anatomical structures of humans, animals and plants. Cover Title Page Copyright ABOUT THE EDITORS TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures List of Abbreviations Glossary Abstract Preface Chapter 1 An Overview of Anatomy 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of Anatomy 1.3 Types of Anatomy 1.4 Anatomy: Past, Present and Future 1.5 Anatomy and its Impact on Medicine 1.6 Conclusion References Chapter 2 Human Anatomy - Reviews and Medical Advances 2.1. Human Anatomy: A Review of the Science, Ethics and Culture of a Discipline in Transition 2.2. Innovative Technologies for Medical Education 2.3. State-of-Art 2.4. The Magic Mirror 2.5. Human Brain Anatomy: Prospective, Microgravity, Hemispheric Brain Specialization and Death of a Person 2.6. Microgravity Inside The Central Nervous System 2.7. A Study on Hemispheric Human Brain Specialization 2.8. A Review on Corpus Callosum, Callosal Surgery and Commissures 2.9. Concept of Death Related to Brainwaves 2.10. Conclusion References Chapter 3 Anatomy of Extra-Muscular Soleus Veins: Clinical Impact 3.1. Cardiac Anatomy for the Electrophysiologist with Emphasis on the Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins 3.2. Anatomical, Biological, and Surgical Features of Basal Ganglia 3.3. Mesencephalon; Midbrain 3.4. Embryology 3.5. Anatomy 3.6. Blood Supply of the Midbrain 3.7. Conclusion References Chapter 4 Male Reproductive Anatomy 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Male Phenotype 4.3. Male Reproductive System 4.4. Fundamental Component of Male Reproductive Anatomy 4.5. Endocrine Functions of the Testes 4.6. The Androgens 4.7. Testosterone 4.8. Physiologic Roles of AMH in Males Throughout Life 4.9. Seminiferous Tubules and Spermatogenesis 4.10. Structure and Function of the Seminiferous Tubules 4.11. Positional Relationships Among Male Reproductive Organs In Insects 4.12. Function and Structure of Testes 4.13. Sperm Polyphenism 4.14. Storage And Migration of Sperm 4.15. Testicular Histopathology and Spermatogenesis in Mice with Scrotal Heat Stress 4.16. Method to Generate a Mouse Model for Testicular Heat Stress 4.17. The Effect of Heat Stress on Male Reproduction 4.18. Methods of Sperm Selection for In-Vitro Fertilization 4.19. Management of Post-Circumcision Glans/Penile Necrosis 4.20. Epigenetics in Male Infertility 4.21. Conclusion References Chapter 5 Plant Science - Structure, Anatomy, and Physiology 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Phloem: Cell Types & Structure 5.3. Phloem Cell Types 5.4. Conducting Phloem Cells 5.5. Parenchyma 5.6. Phytohormone-Mediated Homeostasis of Root System Architecture 5.7. Anatomy and Development of Root 5.8. Roles of Phytohormones on Root Formation 5.9. Effect of Phytohormones on Shoot Regeneration in Rice Callus Culture 5.10. Cross Talk Among Osmotic Stress and Phytohormones in Callus Culture 5.11. Roles of Carbohydrate Metabolisms During HRC Induction Under Osmotic Stress Treatment 5.12. Phytohormones 5.13. Jasmonate: A Potent Phytohormone 5.14. A Regulatory Circuit Integrating Stress-Induced With Natural Leaf Senescence 5.15. Modest Overlapping of ER Stress And Osmotic Stress Response Identifies NRPS and NACS as Cell Death-Promoting Genes 5.16. Early Dehydration Responsive Gene 15, Erd15-Like, Controls NRP Expression 5.17. The Stress-Induced NRP/NAC081/VPE Module Transduces a Cell Death Signal 5.18. A Negative Regulator Ofthenrp/Nac081/Vpe Signaling Module Confers Tolerance To Drought 5.19. The Stress-Induced DCD/NRP-Mediated Cell Death Signaling Positively Regulates Leaf Senescence 5.20. Medicinal Plants: Their Parts, Uses, and Ecology Reviewed 5.21. Medicinal Plants and their Growth Forms and Parts Used 5.22. Ecology and/or Habitats of Medicinal Plants 5.23. Applied Plant Anatomy: Quality Control of Herbal Medicine References Chapter 6 Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 6.1. History of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology 6.2. Imaging Technology Within Anatomy and Physiology 6.3. Women In Veterinary Medicine, Anatomy and Physiology 6.4. The Anatomy, Histology and Physiology of the Healthy and Lame Equine Hoof 6.5. Myocardial Metabolism 6.6. Veterinarian’s Role in Conservation Medicine and Animal Welfare 6.7. Veterinarians’ Role in Animal Welfare and Behavioral Assessment 6.8. Conclusion References Chapter 7 Current Trends in Teaching and Learning Anatomy 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Historical Context: The Beginnings of Anatomy and The Classic Teaching Model 7.3. Basic Models for Teaching and Learning Human Anatomy 7.4. Current Trend in Models, Methods, and Tools 7.5. Modern Trends in Clinical Anatomy Teaching 7.6. Evolving Trends in Anatomy- A Global Perspective 7.7. Education in the Digital Age: Technological Trends in Anatomy Education 7.8. An Interactive VR System for Anatomy Training 7.9. Preparation and Integration Models 7.10. Results and Test After Using Vrin Anatomy 7.11. Challenges & Opportunities in Anatomy Teaching 7.12. Conclusion References Index Back Cover