Police administration: A Leadership Approach

Description

Police Administration: A Leadership Approach was written to support the need for a text that addresses supervision and management as well as ethics, leadership, and the principles of policing that form the foundation for efficient, effective, and lawful administration of the modern police service. Unlike other texts, this book blends theory with practice. It presents a foundation for the administration and management of a police agency in a logical, flexible, and understandable step-by step process. Cover Page......Page 1 Half Title Page......Page 2 Title Page......Page 4 Copyright Page......Page 5 about the authors......Page 7 brief contents......Page 9 table of contents......Page 10 part I Introduction to Police Administration......Page 26 Learning Outcomes......Page 27 Introduction......Page 28 London’s Metropolitan Police Act......Page 30 Protecting and Serving......Page 31 The Emergence of Formal Police Organizations......Page 32 Evolving Notions of Strategy......Page 33 Ethical Challenges in Policing......Page 37 Law Enforcement Codes of Ethics and Conduct......Page 38 Ethical Leadership by Example......Page 41 Policing as a Profession......Page 42 Choosing to Lead......Page 45 Understanding Managers’ and Supervisors’ Responsibilities......Page 46 Line Operations......Page 47 Auxiliary Services......Page 48 Summary......Page 49 Discussion Questions......Page 50 What Would You Do?......Page 51 Introduction......Page 53 Traditional Policing......Page 54 Defining Characteristics......Page 55 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional Policing......Page 56 Defining Characteristics......Page 57 Criticism and Resistance......Page 59 The SARA Problem-Solving Model......Page 61 Defining Characteristics......Page 64 Defining Characteristics......Page 65 Questions about Zero-Tolerance Policing......Page 66 Defining Characteristics......Page 68 Pros and Cons of Intelligence-Led Policing......Page 69 Defining Characteristics......Page 70 Requirements for Effective Strategic Policing......Page 71 Pluses and Minuses of Strategic Policing......Page 72 Summary......Page 73 What Would You Do?......Page 74 Learning Outcomes......Page 76 Introduction......Page 77 Increased Diversity......Page 78 Efforts to Foster Tolerance......Page 79 Challenges for Police......Page 81 Complex Political Dynamics......Page 82 Intra-Agency Politics......Page 83 Interagency Politics......Page 84 Intergovernment Politics......Page 86 Spotlight on Political Correctness......Page 87 Solving Community Problems......Page 88 Wearing Many “Hats”......Page 89 Combating Bias-Based Policing......Page 90 Preventing Misuse of Force......Page 92 Eradicating Police Misconduct......Page 93 The Value of Technology......Page 97 Essential Information Technology......Page 98 Understanding the Forces behind Resource Constraints......Page 99 Terrorism......Page 100 The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS)......Page 101 The National Incident Management System (NIMS)......Page 102 State-Level Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS)......Page 104 Summary......Page 105 Key Terms......Page 106 Discussion Questions......Page 107 What Would You Do?......Page 108 part II Planning, Budgeting, Organization Design, and Assessment......Page 110 Learning Outcomes......Page 111 Introduction......Page 112 Adopting a Long-Term, Big-Picture View......Page 113 Values......Page 114 Translating Values, Vision, and Mission into Goals and Objectives......Page 115 Common Planning Pitfalls......Page 116 Types of Plans......Page 117 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)......Page 119 CompStat......Page 121 Key Steps in the Planning Process......Page 122 Step 1: Assessing Needs and Risks......Page 123 Step 2: Developing Alternative Courses of Action......Page 126 Step 3: Selecting a Course of Action......Page 128 Mastering the Art of Self-Management......Page 129 Key Terms......Page 131 Discussion Questions......Page 132 What Would You Do?......Page 133 Learning Outcomes......Page 134 What Is a Budget?......Page 135 Public Budgeting......Page 136 Constraints in Public Budgeting......Page 137 The Public Budgeting Process......Page 138 The Need for Flexibility......Page 139 Traditional Budget......Page 140 Performance-Based Budget......Page 141 Zero-Based Budget......Page 142 Activity-Based Budget......Page 143 Capital Budget......Page 144 Anatomy of a Budget......Page 145 Sources of Revenue......Page 146 Making Resource-Allocation Decisions......Page 151 “Selling” the Budget......Page 152 Dealing with Budget Cutbacks......Page 153 Auditing......Page 154 Summary......Page 155 Key Terms......Page 156 Discussion Questions......Page 157 What Would You Do?......Page 158 Learning Outcomes......Page 159 Introduction......Page 160 Vertical Relationships......Page 161 Community Relationships......Page 163 From Policing Strategy to Organizational Structure......Page 165 Command and Control......Page 166 Officer Unity......Page 168 Leader Officer or Street Officer?......Page 169 Internalizing Behavioral Standards......Page 170 Adapting to Change......Page 171 Learning......Page 176 Demonstrating Ethical Leadership......Page 178 Putting Customers First......Page 180 Summary......Page 182 Discussion Questions......Page 183 What Would You Do?......Page 184 Learning Outcomes......Page 186 Introduction......Page 187 Supporting Continuous Improvement......Page 188 When Police and Customer Expectations Conflict......Page 189 Assessment, Evaluation, and Community Policing......Page 190 Effectiveness......Page 191 Achieving a Balance......Page 192 Performance-Management Frameworks......Page 193 The Balanced Scorecard......Page 194 Total Quality Management (TQM)......Page 196 Understanding the Costs of Providing Poor Service......Page 199 Segmenting Services......Page 200 The Role of Accreditation in Assessment and Evaluation......Page 202 The Benefits of Accreditation......Page 203 Summary......Page 204 Key Terms......Page 205 What Would You Do?......Page 206 part III Human Resource Management......Page 208 Learning Outcomes......Page 209 Understanding Today’s Hiring Challenges......Page 210 Fulfilling a Complex Mandate......Page 211 Conducting a Human Resource Needs Assessment......Page 212 Looking beyond Minimum Hiring Standards......Page 213 Formulating Recruitment Strategies......Page 214 Using the Right Channels......Page 215 Developing a Positive Brand Image......Page 217 Recruiting for Diversity......Page 218 Recruiting for Educational Level......Page 219 Selecting New Hires......Page 220 Conducting a Pre-Employment Screening......Page 221 Using the Assessment Center Process......Page 225 Avoiding and Correcting Selection Mistakes......Page 226 Designing Compensation and Benefits Programs......Page 228 Creating a Civil Work Environment......Page 229 Summary......Page 231 Discussion Questions......Page 232 What Would You Do?......Page 233 Learning Outcomes......Page 234 Introduction......Page 235 Complex Purposes......Page 236 Communication in a Police Agency......Page 237 Background Differences......Page 240 Noncredible Source......Page 241 Denial......Page 242 Lack of Motivation......Page 243 Verbal Channels......Page 244 Nonverbal Channels......Page 246 Written Channels......Page 247 Meetings......Page 248 Newsletters......Page 249 The Grapevine......Page 250 Special Communication Challenges......Page 251 Communicating across Genders......Page 252 Communicating with Special Populations......Page 253 Communicating with the News Media......Page 256 Improving Communication with the Media......Page 257 Building a Positive Relationship with the Media......Page 258 Communicating with Other Agencies......Page 259 Facilitation......Page 260 Persuasion......Page 261 Feedback......Page 262 Conflict Management......Page 263 Summary......Page 264 Discussion Questions......Page 265 What Would You Do?......Page 266 Learning Outcomes......Page 267 Training: Developing Skills and Preparing for Police Work......Page 268 Types of Training......Page 270 Development: Enhancing Officers’ Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs)......Page 276 Career Planning......Page 277 Leadership Development Programs......Page 279 Deployment: Putting Human Resources to the Best Use......Page 281 Workforce Scheduling......Page 282 Working Groups......Page 284 Summary......Page 286 Discussion Questions......Page 287 What Would You Do?......Page 288 Learning Outcomes......Page 289 Leadership Theories......Page 290 Theories Centering on the Leader......Page 291 Theories Centering on Followers and Situational Context......Page 292 Theories Centering on Leader–Follower Interactions......Page 294 Leadership Skills......Page 296 Spotlight on Communication......Page 297 Spotlight on Motivation......Page 299 Leadership versus Supervision......Page 300 The Police Leader-Supervisor......Page 301 Authority......Page 302 Power......Page 303 The Optimal Blend of Authority and Power......Page 304 Meeting Followers’ Hierarchy of Needs......Page 305 Addressing Followers’ Frustrations......Page 306 Satisfying Expectations about Performance and Outcomes......Page 307 Aligning Followers’ and Agency Goals while Cultivating Trust......Page 308 Blending Concern for People with Concern for Production......Page 309 Adapting to Followers’ Readiness......Page 310 Weighing Contingencies......Page 311 Tapping into Followers’ Motivation......Page 313 Building the Best Possible Organization......Page 314 Toxic Management......Page 315 Summary......Page 317 Key Terms......Page 318 Discussion Questions......Page 319 What Would You Do?......Page 320 Learning Outcomes......Page 321 Introduction......Page 322 Developing General Orders......Page 323 Using General Orders......Page 324 Linking Performance to Policies, Procedures, and Job Descriptions and Specifications......Page 325 Distinguishing between Appraisal’s Dual Purposes......Page 326 Understanding the Importance of Succession Management......Page 327 Applying Promotion Protocols......Page 328 Developing Promising Candidates......Page 329 Communicating Values and Policies......Page 331 Sustaining Officer Motivation......Page 332 Working with Citizen Review Boards......Page 335 Establishing Early Warning Systems......Page 338 Stress Management......Page 339 Mitigating Dangerous Stress......Page 340 Easing Stress’s Impact on Officers’ Private Lives......Page 342 Navigating the Political Landscape......Page 344 Summary......Page 346 Discussion Questions......Page 348 What Would You Do?......Page 349 part IV Collateral Functions and Future Trends......Page 350 Learning Outcomes......Page 351 Introduction......Page 352 National Employment Laws......Page 353 Understanding Affirmative Action......Page 357 Hiring for Diversity in Police Agencies......Page 358 The Emergence of Unions......Page 360 The Boston Police Strike of 1919......Page 361 Unfair Labor Practices......Page 362 Management Rights......Page 364 Reasons for Joining a Union......Page 365 Union Leaders, Union Members, and Management: A Complex Relationship......Page 366 Union Power......Page 367 Labor Negotiation......Page 368 Grievances......Page 372 Expressed and Implied Contracts......Page 374 Administrative Law......Page 375 Property Law......Page 376 Tort Law......Page 377 Intentional Torts......Page 378 Privacy Law......Page 379 The Privacy Act of 1974......Page 380 The Perils of Violating Privacy......Page 381 Civil Lawsuits......Page 382 Negligence......Page 383 Sexual Harassment......Page 384 Proximate (Legal) Cause......Page 385 What Police Agencies Can Do......Page 386 Summary......Page 387 Key Terms......Page 388 Discussion Questions......Page 389 What Would You Do?......Page 390 Learning Outcomes......Page 391 Procurement......Page 392 Purchasing......Page 393 Leasing......Page 395 Outsourcing......Page 396 Obtaining Competitive Bids......Page 400 Understanding Service Contracts and Warranties......Page 401 Forging Agreements with Outsourcing Providers......Page 402 Understanding the Facilities Manager Role......Page 405 Building or Renovating a Police Facility......Page 408 Conducting Site Surveys......Page 410 Updating Technology in a Police Facility......Page 412 Summary......Page 415 Key Terms......Page 416 What Would You Do?......Page 417 Learning Outcomes......Page 419 Introduction......Page 420 The Question of Trust......Page 422 Captured on Video......Page 423 Counterterrorism......Page 424 The Question of Police Purpose......Page 429 The Need for Creative Budget Strategies......Page 430 Assessment and Evaluation: Will Police Grade Themselves on the Right Curve?......Page 431 Measuring Performance at the Organizational Level......Page 432 Hiring......Page 433 Training......Page 434 Constructive Confrontation......Page 436 Embracing the Virtual World......Page 438 Broadening Notions of Management......Page 439 Challenging the Status Quo......Page 440 Change Leadership: What Model Should Police Use?......Page 441 Selecting a Change-Leadership Model......Page 442 Potential New Paths for Unions......Page 444 Facilities Management: What Will It Look Like in the Future?......Page 445 Use of Donated Space......Page 446 Technology and Street Crime......Page 447 The Rise of Cybercrime......Page 449 Summary......Page 453 Discussion Questions......Page 455 What Would You Do?......Page 456 Bibliography......Page 458 Glossary......Page 470 Photo Credits......Page 478 Index......Page 482