Security Studies: An Introduction

Description

Security Studies is the most comprehensive textbook available on security studies. Comprehensively revised for the new edition including new chapters on Polarity, Culture, Intelligence, and the Academic and Policy Worlds, it continues to give students a detailed overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes and most significant issues within security studies. Part 1 explores the main theoretical approaches currently used within the field from realism to international political sociology.Part 2 explains the central concepts underpinning contemporary debates from the security dilemma to terrorism.Part 3 presents an overview of the institutional security architecture currently influencing world politics using international, regional and global levels of analysis.Part 4 examines some of the key contemporary challenges to global security from the arms trade to energy security.Part 5 discusses the future of security. Security Studies provides a valuable teaching tool for undergraduates and MA students by collecting these related strands of the field together into a single coherent textbook. Contributors:Richard J. Aldrich, Deborah D. Avant, Sita Bali, Michael N. Barnett, Alex J. Bellamy, Didier Bigo, Pinar Bilgin, Ken Booth, Barry Buzan, Stuart Croft, Simon Dalby, John S. Duffield, Colin Elman, Louise Fawcett, Lawrence Freedman, James M. Goldgeier, Fen Osler Hampson, William D. Hartung, Michael Jensen, Adam Jones, Danielle Zach Kalbacher, Stuart J. Kaufman, Michael T. Klare, Peter Lawler, Matt McDonald, Colin McInnes, Cornelia Navari, Michael Pugh, Paul R. Pillar, Srinath Raghavan, Paul Rogers, Waheguru Pal Singh Sidhu, Joanna Spear, Caroline Thomas, Thomas G. Weiss, Nicholas J. Wheeler, Sandra Whitworth, Paul D. Williams, Phil Williams and Frank C. Zagare. Cover Security Studies An Introduction Copyright Contents Boxes Figures Tables Contributors Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Chapter 1: Security Studies What Is Security Studies? A Very Short Overview Defining A Field Of Inquiry: Four Fundamentalz Questions What Is Security? Whose Security? What Is A Security Issue? How Can Security Be Achieved? How To Use This Book Part 1: Theoretical Approaches Chapter 2: Realisms Introduction Classical Realism Neorealism: Waltz’s Theory Of Internationalz Politics Defensive Structural Realism Offensive Structural Realism Rise And Fall Realism Neoclassical Realism Realisms And The Rise Of China Conclusion Chapter 3: Liberalisms Introduction Traditional Or Kantian Liberalism Douce Commerce The Democratic Peace Thesis Neoliberal Institutionalism Conclusion Chapter 4: Game Theory Introduction Primitive Concepts Strategic-form Games And Nash Equilibria Extensive-form Games, Backwards Induction Andz Subgame Perfect Equilibria Applications of Game Theory In Security Studies Coda Chapter 5: Constructivisms Introduction: Constructivism And Security Constructivism: Central Tenets And Sharedz Assumptions The Copenhagen School And Securitization Conclusion Chapter 6: Peace Studies Introduction: What Is Peace Studies? Peace Studies: A Brief History Peace research as science From peace research to peace studies Key Concepts Positive and negative peace Structural violence Cultural violence The Future Of Peace Studies? Chapter 7: Critical Theory Introduction: The Need For A Critical Perspective Rethinking Security Critical Theory Theory/practice The ‘aberystwyth School’ Of Critical Securityz Studies Emancipation Conclusion Chapter 8: Feminisms Introduction Feminist Approaches In International Security Women, Gender And Security: The Impactsz Of Armed Conflict Women, Gender And Security: Action And Activism Women, Gender And Security: Talking Andz Making Weapons And War Conclusions Chapter 9 International Political Sociology Introduction Interdisciplinarity, Relations And Practices An International Political Sociology Of Security Episteme Methods Major findings Conclusion Part 2: Key Concepts Chapter 10: Uncertainty Introduction The House Of Uncertainty He Quintessential Dilemma Three Logics The Security Dilemma In The Twenty-first Century Towards A New Agenda For Security Studies Chapter 11: Polarity The Debates About Polarity Polarity during the Cold War Polarity after the Cold War The Problem With Polarity The Future Of Polarity Conclusion: The Utility Of Polarity Chapter 12: Culture Introduction States Behaving Badly Culture Cultures In Security Strategic culture Peacekeeping cultures Conclusion Chapter13: War Introduction Three Philosophies Of War The Functions Of War Trends In Armed Conflicts Since 1945 Who Fights? Who Dies? Is The Nature Of Warfare Changing? The idea of total war The ‘new wars’ debate The contemporary Western way of war Conclusion Chapter 14: Coercion Introduction Strategy Deterrence And Compellence Designing Coercive Strategies Punishment And Denial Types Of Costs Multiple Audiences Reputations Long-term Impact Conclusion Chapter 15: Terrorism Introduction Terrorism In Perspective Definitions State And Sub-state Terror Responding To Terrorism The 9/11 Response And The War On Terror Trends In Terrorism Conclusion Chapter 16: Intelligence Introduction What is intelligence? Warning, surprise and ‘failure’ Intelligence, uncertainty and stability Covert action, disruption and event-shaping Intelligence cooperation Security and global surveillance Conclusion Chapter 17: Genocide Andcrimes Against Humanity Introduction Genocide Challenges Of Intervention Understanding Crimes Against Humanity Conclusion Chapter 18: Ethnic Conflict Introduction What Is Ethnic Conflict? An Overview Of Ethnic Conflicts Causes Of Violent Ethnic Conflict Sudan Yugoslavia International Security Dimensions Of Ethnic Conflicts Resolution Of Ethnic Civil Wars Chapter 19: Human Security Introduction Understanding The Scope Of Human Security Setting The Boundaries Of Human Security Ongoing Debates And Unresolved Issues Human Security And ‘failed’ States The Dilemmas Of Humanitarian Intervention Human Security Risk Assessment Governance And Human Security Towards A Theory Of Human Security Conclusion Chapter 20: Poverty Introduction Is Poverty An Appropriate Concern For Securityz Studies? Whose Poverty? Whose Security? What Do We Know About The Poverty–security Nexus? What Do We Know About The Poverty–violentz Conflict Nexus? Effect of poverty on conflict Effect of conflict on poverty The Diplomatic Agenda On Poverty And Security Conclusion Chapter 21: Climate Change And Environmental Security Introduction: Security And Environment Armed Conflict And Environmental Change Climate Change And Security Scenarios Of Doom Security Planning And Risk Analysis Climate Wars? Chapter 22: Health Introduction The Emergence Of Health As A National Securityz Issue The Spread Of Infectious Disease Hiv/aids Bioterrorism A Not So Perfect Partnership? Conclusion Part 3: Institutions Chapter 23: Alliances Introduction: Why Study Alliances? Definitions: What Is An Alliance? Explanations Of Alliance Persistence And Collapse The Case Of Nato After The Cold War Conclusion: Alliance Theory And The Future Of Nato Chapter 24: Regional Institutions Introduction Definitions The Origins And Development Of Regional Securityz Institutions Regional security institutions in the Cold War Regional security institutions since the Cold War Contemporary Challenges Peace operations Terrorism and WMD Assessing The Growth Of Regional Security Institutions Conclusion Chapter 25: The United Nations Introduction The Security Council The General Assembly The Secretariat Other Un Organs And Actors Twenty-first Century Challenges Changes in the nature of war and UN responses Terrorism Disarmament and nonproliferation Conclusion Chapter 26: Peace Operations Introduction Language And Meaning Surge, Retraction, Resurgence Reforms Brahimi’s report Guéhenno goals Ban’s plans Standards and principles Hybrid operations Public security gaps Conclusion: Future Prospects Chapter 27: The Nuclear Disarmament And Non-proliferation Regime Introduction Three Caveats Non-proliferation Regime Three Challenges Three Approaches Way Forward Chapter 28: Private Security Introduction Private Security And The Control Of Force A Transnational Market For Military And Securityz Services The Current Market Compared Why The Current Market? Conclusion Part 4: Contemporary Challenges Chapter 29: The International Arms Trade Introduction Three Channels For Arms Transfers Arms Sales Take Off: The 1970s And 1980s Post-cold War Dynamics Post-9/11 Arms Exports The Trade In Small Arms And Light Weapons Dangers Of Dual Use: The A.q. Khan Network Prospects For Restraint Conclusion Chapter 30: Counterterrorism Introduction Basic Elements Defence Going On The Offensive Law Enforcement And Military Force Issues And Choices Chapter 31: Counterinsurgency Introduction: The Current Discourse Onz Counterinsurgency The State Of The Field The Problem That Counterinsurgency Respondsz To – Insurgency Hearts And Minds’ The Role Of Military Force In Counterinsurgency Learning On The Ground Counterinsurgency In The Media Age Similarities To Post-conflict Peacebuilding Conclusion Chapter 32: The Responsibility To Protect Introduction Sovereignty And Responsibility R2p And International Politics R2p In Action Kenya Libya Conclusion Chapter 33: Transnational Organized Crime Introduction Organized Crime As A Security Threat What Is Transnational Organized Crime? Globalization, Governance And The Rise Ofz Organized Crime Transnational Criminal Organizations Illicit Markets Responses To Transnational Crime Chapter 34: Population Movements Introduction Population Movements As A Security Issue Population Movements Categorized Population Movements And Violent Conflict Population Movements And Foreign Policy Population Movement And Internal Security Conclusion Chapter 35: Energy Security Introduction Understanding Energy Security Why Now? Intimations Of Global Petroleum Insufficiency A Shift In The Centre Of Gravity Of World Oil Production Oil Facilities As A Target Of Attack Addressing Energy (in)security Part 5: Conclusions Chapter : 36 The Academic And Policy Worlds Introduction What Is Policy-relevant Knowledge? Cold War Nuclear Experts Realism And Liberalism After The Cold War Conclusion Chapter 37: What Future For Security Studies? Introduction: Context And Scope Locating Security Studies Future Directions In The Sub-field Future Directions In The Sub-discipline Security Studies, Porous Boundaries And Thez Struggle For Coherence References Index