Italy: A Modern History

Description

Preface Italy before 1861 -- The "geographical expression" -- The idea of national unity -- Mazzini, Garibaldi, and the revolutionaries -- Cavour and the expansion of Piedmont -- The political and economic scene about 1861 -- The constitution, the king, and parliament -- The social hierarchy -- Agriculture and industry -- Immediate political problems -- The first decade, 1861-1871 -- Ricasoli, Rattazzi, and Minghetti, 1861-1865 -- Counterrevolution and Brigandage, 1860-1865 -- The war for Venice, 1866 -- Financial difficulties and other problems, 1866-1867 -- The capture of Rome -- The nation asserts itself, 1870-1882 -- The last years of the right, 1870-1876 -- Depretis and transformism, 1807-1880 -- Foreign policy, 1860-1882 -- Colonial enterprise, 1860-1882 -- The troubled period of Crispi, 1880-1893 -- Depretis and Crispi, 1880-1890 -- Irredentism and nationalist fervor -- Agriculture and industry about 1880 -- The tariff war with France, 1887-1892 -- Corruption and the banks, 1889-1893 -- colonial defeat and political reaction, 1893-1900 -- Social unrest and Crispi's last ministry -- The Ethiopian war and the eclipse of Crispi -- Parliamentary government endangered, 1896-1900 -- Defects in the constitution -- Giolitti and liberal reform, 1900-1911 -- Liberal government resumed, 1900-1904 -- Clerical and radical co-operation, 1904-1906 -- The "southern problem" and emigration -- Economic and cultural revival -- The last years of liberal reform, 1909-1911 -- The onset of war -- The German alliance, 1896-1911 -- The Libyan war, 1911-1912 -- Giolitti's system collapses, 1912-1914 -- Italy remains neutral, 1914 -- Intervention against Austria, 1915 -- The war and its aftermath, 1915-1922 -- The conduct of war, 1915-1918 -- The peace settlement, 1918-1920 -- New political currents, 1919 -- Nitti and the rape of Fiume, 1919-1920 -- Giolitti and the suicide of liberalism, 1920-1921 -- Bonomi and Facta, 1921-1922 -- Mussolini's revolution, 1922-1925 -- Italy on the eve, summer 1922 -- The march on Rome, October 26-30, 1922 -- Dictatorship emerges, 1922-1924 -- The defeat of parliament and press, 1924-1925 -- The theory and practice of fascism -- The machinery and personnel of fascism -- Economic and social policy -- Fascist doctrine -- The standardization of culture -- Persecution and its effects -- Surviving institutions -- Decline and fall of a Roman empire -- Foreign policy, 1922-1936 -- Lack of restraint, 1936-1938 -- The drift toward war, 1938-1940 -- Military and political defeat, 1940-1943 -- Liberation, 1943-45 Epilogue Appendices Suggested Readings Index Maps ITALY Preface Contents Section One: Italy Before 1861 Section Two: The Political and Economic Scene About 1861 Section Three: The First Decade, 1861-1871 Section Four: The Nation Asserts Itself, 1870-1882 Section Five: The Troubled Period of Crispi, 1880-1893 Section Six: Colonial Defeat and Political Reaction, 1893-1900 Section Seven: Giolitti and Liberal Reform, 1900-1911 Section Eight: The Onset of War Section Nine: The War and Its Aftermath, 1915-1922 Section Ten: Mussolini’s Revolution, 1922-1925 Section Eleven: The Theory and Practice of Fascism Section Twelve: Decline and Fall of a Roman Empire Section Thirteen: The Transformation of Italy, 1943-1969 Appendix Suggested Readings Index