Quorum Sensing: Molecular Mechanism and Biotechnological Application

Description

Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cooperative behaviour that has an effect on gene regulation. This cell-to-cell communication system involves the production of signalling molecules according to cell density and growth stage. Virulence, the ability to infest a habitat and cause disease, is also governed by such communication signals. Quorum Sensing: Molecular mechanism and biotechnological application collects, describes and summarizes the most interesting results obtained from experts working on QS mechanisms. It contributes to the understanding of the molecular basis that regulates this mechanism, and describes new findings in fields of application. This volume describes the QS mechanism from its molecular basis to medical applications such as antibiotic therapy and involvement of QS in pathologies. This reference also analyzes its potential use in biotechnological applications such as food packaging, drug delivery, and marine biofilm. The broad scope of this title will be of significant use to researchers across several fields with interest in QS, including to microbiologists, chemists, biochemists and ecologists. Cover Quorum Sensing: Molecular Mechanism and Biotechnological Application Copyright Dedication Contributors Preface Part 1: General: Chemistry and Microbiology 1 The Chemical Language of Gram-Negative Bacteria Introduction Quorum Sensing System Architectures in Gram-Negative Bacteria AHL-Based Quorum Sensing AI-2 Based Quorum Sensing QS Systems Using Other Autoinducers Chemistry of Autoinducers N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones Cyclic Furanone Compounds Others Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments Quorum Quenching Molecules A Case Study of Inhibitors of AHL Receptors: LasR Antagonists Enzymatic Inhibition of QS Enzymatic degradation and inactivation of AHLs Enzymatic degradation and inactivation of non-AHLs quorum sensing signals Biosynthesis inhibition of AHLs molecules Biosynthesis inhibition of AI-2 Conclusion Glossary 2 Analytical Approaches for the Identification of Quorum Sensing Molecules Introduction Sample Preparation Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) Detection, Identification, and Quantification of QS Molecules Analytical Approaches for AHL Detection Biosensors Radiolabeled assays Colorimetric assays Analytical Approaches for AHL Identification and Quantification Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Analytical Approaches for Identification and Quantification of Other QS Molecules Concluding Remarks Glossary 3 Quorum Sensing in Marine Biofilms and Environments Introduction The Discovery of and Growing Interest in Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments 1970s: Quorum Sensing was Discovered in the Marine Environment-The Vibrio-squid Model 1990-2010s: A Growing Interest in the Study of Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments Overview of Prokaryotic Diversity and Compounds Involved in Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments and Biofilms Experimental Approaches to Characterize AIs in the Marine Environment AHLs, or Autoinducer-1 (AI-1) Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) Other AIs Diffusion of AIs in the Marine Environment V. harveyi (and the Harveyi clade), a Model for the Study of Quorum Sensing in Marine Bacteria Surface Biofilms and Holobionts: The Diversity of Microbial Habitats Enabling Quorum Sensing in the Marine Environment Phycosphere of (Micro-)algae and Phyllosphere of Marine Plants Biofilm Around Sinking Marine Snow Particles Marine Microbial Mats and Other Types of Subtidal Biofilms Corals and Other Cnidarian-associated Communities Sponge-associated Communities Diversity of Prokaryotic Functions Regulated by Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments Bioluminescence and Pigment Production Motility Initiation of Biofilm Formation, Maturation, and Dispersion Virulence Emission of Colonization Factors Horizontal Gene Transfer Nutrient Acquisition Production of Antimicrobial Compounds Induction and Maintenance of Phenotypic Heterogeneity within a Cell Population Sourcing and Applying Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in the Marine Environment: Aquaculture Protection and Innovation in Gr ... A model story: The Discovery of Antifouling Compounds in the Red Marine Alga Delisea pulchra Diversity of Quorum Quenching Compounds Isolated from Marine Organisms Diversity of Marine Quorum Quenching Enzymes Applications for Biofouling on Marine Underwater Surfaces Applications in Aquaculture Concluding Remarks Glossary Acknowledgments 4 Quorum Sensing in Extremophiles Introduction to Extremophiles and Extreme Ecosystems Quorum Sensing in Extremophiles Halophiles Thermophiles Acidophiles Archaea Other Extremophiles Biomolecule Synthesis by Extremophiles: QS Regulation Extremozymes Exopolysaccharides Extreme Biomolecules: Potential Biotechnological Applications Conclusions Glossary Acknowledgments Part 2: Inter-Kingdom Communication 5 Quorum Sensing in Phytopathogenesis Introduction Quorum Sensing Phenomenon Quorum Sensing in Plant-Associated Microorganisms Quorum sensing in phytopathogenic bacteria Quorum sensing in phytopathogenic fungi Effect of Bacterial Quorum Sensing on Plant Immunity and Physiology Plant Innate Immunity Quorum Sensing Molecules and Plant Immunity Quorum Sensing Molecules Affect Plant Physiology Quorum Quenching in Phytopathogenesis Plant Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Bacterial Quorum Sensing Inhibitors against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Sugars and Sugar Signaling in Plant-Microbe Interactions Concluding Remarks and Perspectives Glossary 6 Quorum Sensing and the Gut Microbiome Introduction Autoinducers Catecholamine Signaling in Bacteria Nutrient Signaling in the Gut Concluding Remarks Glossary Part 3: Quorum Sensing Inhibition 7 Enzymatic Quorum Quenching in Biofilms Introduction Life on Surfaces: The Bacterial Biofilm Biofilms and Antibiotic Resistance Multispecies Biofilms Communication in P. aeruginosa Biofilms Quorum Sensing Signals Quorum Quenching Enzymes Lactonases QQ acylases Oxidoreductases Quorum quenching enzymes against AI-2 Quenching the Quinolone Dependent QS Signal Applications of Quorum Quenching Enzymes Functionalization of Surfaces Membrane Bioreactor Inhaled Lactonase Discussion and Perspectives Glossary Acknowledgment 8 Effect of Polyphenols on Microbial Cell-Cell Communications What is Quorum Sensing? Polyphenols Structure and Distribution Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols Polyphenols as Quorum Quenching Players Polyphenols From Marine Organisms With Antimicrobial and QQ Activity Structure, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Phlorotannins Antifungal and QQ Activities Exhibited by Phlorotannins Lichens Secondary Metabolites: Generalities, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities QS and Antibiofilm Activity by Lichenic Polyphenols Conclusions Glossary Part 4: Applications 9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Inhibition Introduction Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching Quorum Sensing Systems and Biofilm in P. aeruginosa Screening for Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Inhibition of Quorum Sensing Signal Biosynthesis QS Signal Degradation and Inactivation Inhibition of Signal Detection Natural Quorum Sensing Inhibitors Quorum Quenching Enzymes AHL-Lactonases Acylases Paraxonases Oxidoreductases 2,4-Dioxygenase (Hod) Antibodies Natural Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Compounds and Extracts Bacteria Algae Animals Plants Fungi sRNAs Bacteriophage Synthetic Quorum Sensing Modulators Conclusion and Opinion Glossary Acknowledgment References 10 Cyclic Peptides in Neurological Disorders: The Case of Cyclo(His-Pro) Introduction Cyclic Peptides Cyclic Dipeptides CDPs in QS Systems CHP in Neurological Disorders Background Current Understanding Future Perspectives Conclusion Glossary References Index A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z Back Cover