The Metahistory of Western Knowledge in the Modern Era: Four Evolving Metaparadigms, 1648 to Present

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The book is a study of the evolving history of knowledge in the arts and sciences in the modern era – from 1648 through the present. Modernism is treated as an epoch with evolving disciplines whose articulated problems of a time and the inquiry methods to address them, develop in a coordinated manner, given a mutual awareness.  When one organizes the development of knowledge over periods of years, and gives it an appellation such as “Modernism,” the organization of facts is guided by concepts and values discerned throughout these periods. These facts of knowledge development share sufficient understandings to be called an “era,” or an “epoch,” or other terms that insist on the shared aspects of those years. One can call such an effort a “metahistory,” in that what is tracked is not merely a knowledge that is political, economic, ideological, sociological, or scientific, but an overview that tracks the respective conceptual developments of the fields in how they have changed and augmented their problem formulations, inquiry methods, and explanatory conceptions over time. Cover Front Matter Half-title Title page Copyright information Contents Part I-IV Part I The First Modern Metaparadigm, c.1648–c.1750 Chapter One The First Phase: Seminal Ideation, C.1648–C.1670: The Focus Upon Definition and Hypothesis A. History/Philosophy of History Thomas Hobbes (1588–1670) and Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694) B. Literature—The Modern Novel Anton Ulrich (1633–1714) C. Mathematics—The Development of Logical Calculus (A Precursor of Calculus) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1717) Chapter Two The Second Phase: Developing a Systematic Theory for Future Inquiry and Problem-Solving C.1670–C.1690 A. History/Philosophy of History Thomas Hobbes (1588–1670) Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694) B. Literature Anton Ulrich (1633–1714) C. Mathematics—The Further Development of Logical Calculus:  Two Studies (1679) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1717) Chapter Three The Third Phase: Material Inquiry Into the Verifiability of Specific Concepts, and Conflict Over the Implications of the Findings C.1690–C.1720 A. History/Philosophy of History Anthony Ashley-Cooper, Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713) B. Literature Daniel Defoe (1660–1731) C. Mathematics—A Study in the Logical Calculus, Early 1690s Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1717) Chapter Four The Fourth Phase: Integrating the New Four Causal Understandings With the Traditional C.1720–C.1750 A. Philosophy of History/Societal Development of Political Institutions Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu (1689–1755) B. Literature C. Biology—Environmental Determinism as the Cause of the Evolution of Plants, Animals and Homo Sapiens Montesquieu (1689–1755) Part II The Second Modern Metaparadigm, c.1750–c.1865 Chapter Five The First Phase: Seminal Ideation, C.1750–C.1770: The Focus Upon Definition and Hypothesis A. Philosophy of History/Development of Institutions Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) B. Literature Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781) and Edward Young (1683–1765) C. Biology and Botany—Discovery of the Male-Female Participation in the Evolution of the Embryo Friedrich Caspar Wolff (1733–1794) Chapter Six The Second Phase: Developing a Systematic Structure for Guiding New Inquiry and Explanation C.1770–C.1790 A. History/Philosophy of History Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) and Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803) B. Literature Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832) C. Biology/Botany Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) Chapter Seven The Third Phase: Material Inquiry Into the Verifiability of Specific Concepts, and Conflict Over the Implications of the Findings C.1790–C.1820 A. Philosophy of History Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) B. Literature Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1831) C. Biology/Botany Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802) Chapter Eight The Fourth Phase: Integrating the New Four Causal Understandings With the Traditional C.1820–C.1860 A. Philosophy of History/History Leopold van Ranke (1795–1886) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831) Karl Marx (1818–1883) B. Literature Honoré Balzac (1799–1850) C. Biology Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Part III The Third Modern Metaparadigm c.1860–c.1960 Chapter Nine The First Phase: Seminal Ideation, C.1860–1870: The Focus Upon Definition and Hypothesis A. Philosophy of History Karl Marx (1818–1883) B. Literature/Drama Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906) C. Biology Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) Chapter Ten The Second Phase: Developing a Systematic Structure For Guiding New Inquiry and Explanation C.1870–C.1895 A. Philosophy of History Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) B. Literature/Drama Henrik Ibsen (1828–1906) C. Psychology Franz Brentano (1838–1917) Chapter Eleven The Third Phase: Material Inquiry Into the Verifiability of Specific Concepts, and Conflict Over the Implications of the Findings C.1890–C.1920 A. History Heinrich Friedjung (1851–1920) B. Literature Thomas Mann (1875–1955) C. Psychology Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) Chapter Twelve The Fourth Phase: Integrating the New Four Causal Understandings With the Traditional C.1920–C.1960 A. History/Philosophy of History Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) B. Literature/Drama Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) C. Micro-Sociology Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) Part IV The Fourth Modern Metaparadigm, c.1970–c.2060 Chapter Thirteen The First Phase: Seminal Ideation, C.1960–1980: The Focus Upon Definition and Hypothesis A. Philosophy of History Hayden White (1928–2018) B. Drama Judith Malina (1926–2015) C. Group Dynamics: Advent of the Encounter Group Morton A. Lieberman, Irvin D. Yalom (1931–Present) and Matthew B. Miles Chapter Fourteen The Second Phase: Developing a Systematic Structure For Guiding New Inquiry and Explanation C.1970–1990 A. Historiography Hayden White (1928–2018) B. Drama Judith Malina (1926–2015) C. Group Dynamics: The Guiding Principles of Encounter Groups Morton A. Lieberman, Irvin D. Yalom (1931–Present) and Matthew B. Miles Chapter Fifteen The Third Phase: Material Inquiry Into the Verifiability of Specific Concepts, and Conflict Over the Implications of The Findings C.1990–C. 2020 A. Philosophy of History Hayden White (1928–2018) B. Literature Elfriede Jelinek (1946–Present) Elfriede Jelinek, The Piano Teacher, A Novel9 C. Group dynamics—The Focus Group Charles E. Basch Conclusion End Matter Bibliography Index