Vibration Control For Optomechanical Systems

Description

Vibration presents a major challenge to advanced experiments and technological processes in engineering, physics and life sciences that rely on optics and optoelectronics. This compendium discusses ways in which vibration may affect optical performance and describes methods and means of reducing this impact. Principal methods of vibration control, namely, damping and isolation are highlighted using mathematical models and real-life examples. The unique text covers some topics that are important for optomechanical applications but are lacking in general vibration texts, such as dynamics and stability of elastically supported systems with high centers of gravity, physics of pneumatic isolators, and application of dynamic absorbers to vibration-isolated systems. This useful reference book enables the reader to apply the vibration control tools properly and perform basic analytical and experimental tasks of estimating and verifying their performance. It is also a must-have textbook for undergraduate or graduate-level courses in vibration control and optomechanics. Contents Preface Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Sources and Effects of Vibration 1.1 Basic Definitions — Vibration in Nature and Technology 1.2 Effects of Vibration on Optical Performance References 2. Mathematical Methods of Vibration Studies 2.1 Harmonic Vibration 2.2 Complex Amplitudes 2.3 Fourier Series and Fourier Transforms 2.4 Random Vibration 2.5 Power Spectral Density and One-third Octave Spectrum 2.6 Decibel Scale References 3. Basic Models of Mechanical Oscillatory Systems 3.1 Simple Linear Oscillator without Damping 3.2 Simple Linear Oscillator with Damping 3.3 Oscillators under Random Inputs 3.4 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 3.5 Continuous Systems References 4. Vibration Measurements 4.1 Vibration Sensors 4.2 Signal Analyzers: Basics of Digital Signal Processing References 5. Vibration Sensitivity of Optical Instruments: Generic Criteria for Vibration Environments 5.1 Vibration Sensitivity of Optical Microscopes 5.2 Typical Environmental Requirements (VC Criteria) 5.3 Vibration Sensitivity of Interferometers 5.4 Vibration Control Decision Making References 6. Vibration Isolation 6.1 Principles of Vibration Isolation 6.2 Spring Isolators: Constant Natural Frequency Property 6.3 Elastomeric Isolators 6.4 Pneumatic Isolators 6.5 Static and Dynamic Stability of Optical Table Systems 6.5.1 Load distribution in pneumatic vibration isolation systems 6.5.2 Static stability of vibration isolated systems with high centers of gravity 6.5.3 Gravitational terms and vibration transmissibility 6.5.4 Self-leveling systems with mechanical feedback References 7. Vibration Damping 7.1 Methods of Damping and Types of Vibration Dampers 7.2 Principle of Action and Optimum Parameters of Tuned Mass Dampers 7.3 Dynamic Properties and Damping of Vibration-Isolated Structures: Application to Optical Tables 7.4 Terminological Note References 8. System Approach to Vibration Control: Optomechanical Case Studies and Troubleshooting 8.1 Role of Different Sub-systems in Vibration Sensitivity of Optical Applications 8.2 Case Study: Table Resonances and Optomechanical Resonances 8.3 Case Study: Geometry and Dynamics of an Optical Post 8.4 Case Study: Dynamic Properties and Comparative Evaluation of Optical Post–Post Holder Systems 8.5 Case Study: Integral Damping in a Mirror Mount Interface 8.6 Case Study: Fans and Lasers 8.7 Case Study: A Vibrating Camera 8.8 Lessons Learned References 9. Active Vibration Control 9.1 Active Isolation 9.2 Active Damping 9.3 Unique Vibration Control Systems 9.3.1 Vertical vibration isolation for the atom interferometer 9.3.2 Seismic isolation for detection of gravitational waves References Conclusion Index