BIOGEOGRAPHY : an ecological and evolutionary approach

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Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Introduction Lessons from the Past Ecological versus Historical Biogeography, and Plants versus Animals Biogeography and Creation The Distribution of Life Today Evolution – a Flawed and Dangerous Idea! Enter Darwin – and Wallace World Maps – the Biogeographical Regions of Plants and Animals Getting Around the World The Origins of Modern Historical Biogeography The Development of Ecological Biogeography Living Together Marine Biogeography Island Biogeography Biogeography Today Further Reading References Section I The Challenge of Existing Chapter 2 Patterns of Distribution: Finding a Home Limits of Distribution The Niche Overcoming the Barriers Climatic Limits: The Palms A Successful Family: The Daisies (Asteraceae) Patterns Among Plovers Magnolias: Evolutionary Relicts The Strange Case of the Testate Amoeba Climatic Relicts Topographical Limits and Endemism Physical Limits Species Interactions: A Case of the Blues Competition Reducing Competition Predators and Prey, Parasites and Hosts Migration Invasion Further Reading References Chapter 3 Communities and Ecosystems: Living Together The Community The Ecosystem Ecosystems and Species Diversity Biotic Assemblages on a Global Scale Mountain Biomes Global Patterns of Climate Climate Diagrams Modelling Biomes and Climate Chapter 4 Patterns of Biodiversity Measuring Biodiversity: How Many Species are There? Latitudinal Gradients of Diversity Is Evolution Faster in the Tropics? The Legacy of Glaciation Latitude and Species Ranges Diversity and Altitude Biodiversity Hotspots Diversity in Space and Time The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis Dynamic Biodiversity and Neutral Theory Further Reading References Section II The Engines of the Planet Chapter 5 Plate Tectonics The Evidence for Plate Tectonics Changing Patterns of Continents How Plate Tectonics Changes the World Islands and Plate Tectonics Terranes Chapter 6 Evolution, the Source of Novelty The Origin of Novelty From Populations to Species Sympatry versus Allopatry Defining the Species Microevolution versus Macroevolution Adaptive Radiations Naming and Cataloguing the Living World Charting the Course of Evolution Morphology Gives Way to Molecules Darwin’s Finches Updated Further Reading References Section II Islands and Oceans Chapter 7 Life, Death and Evolution on Islands Types of Island Getting There: The Challenges of Arriving Dying There: The Problems of Survival Adapting and Evolving The Hawaiian Islands Integrating the Data: The Theory of Island Biogeography Modifying the Theory The General Dynamic Model for Oceanic Island Biogeography Nestedness Living Together: Incidence and Assembly Rules Building an Ecosystem: The History of Rakata Further Reading References Chapter 8 Patterns in the Oceans Zones in the Ocean and on the Sea Floor Basic Biogeography of the Seas The Open-Sea Environment The Ocean Floor The Shallow-Sea Environment And Finally … Marine Biogeographical Realms of the World Further Reading References Section IV Historical Biogeography Chapter 9 From Evolution to Patterns of Life Studying the Patterns Methods of Analyzing the Patterns Studying Organisms and their Molecules An Integrative Approach to Historical Biogeography Investigating the More Distant Past Further Reading References Chapter 10 Geography, Life and Climates Through Time Introduction Early Land Life on the Moving Continents Animal Life Through the Mesozoic The End of the Mesozoic World Climates and Plants Through Time Reconstructing Plant Life and Biomes Evolution of the Mammals The Mesozoic Roots of the Radiation of Modern Mammals Further Reading References Chapter 11 Patterns of Life Today The Biogeographical Regions Today The History of Today’s Biogeographical Regions The Old World Tropics: Africa, India and Southeast Asia Australia New Caledonia New Zealand The West Indies South America The Northern Hemisphere: Holarctic Mammals and Boreal Plants Further Reading References Chapter 12 The Arrival of the Ice Ages Climatic Wiggles Interglacials and Interstadials Biological Changes in the Pleistocene The Last Glacial Causes of Glaciation The Current Interglacial: A False Start Forests on the Move The Dry Lands Changing Sea Levels A Time of Warmth Climatic Cooling Recorded History Atmosphere and Oceans: Short-Term Climate Change The Future Further Reading References Section V People and Problems Chapter 13 The Human Intrusion The Emergence of Humans Modern Humans and the Megafaunal Extinctions Plant Domestication and Agriculture Animal Domestication The Diversification of Homo sapiens The Biogeography of Human Parasitic Diseases The Environmental Impact of Early Human Cultures Further Reading References Chapter 14 Conservation Biogeography Welcome to the Anthropocene The Sixth Mass Extinction? Less, and Less Interesting What’s Behind the Biodiversity Crisis? Crisis Management: Responding to Biodiversity Loss The Birth of Conservation Biogeography The Scope of Conservation Biogeography Conservation Biogeography in Action The Future is Digital Conclusions Further Reading References Glossary Index Supplemental Images EULA