Diagnostic Imaging of Congenital Heart Defects: Diagnosis and Image-Guided Treatment

Description

A valuable new reference in the diagnosis and image-guided treatment of congenital heart defects Congenital heart defects represent the most common birth defect and affect millions of children worldwide. Defects of the heart and great vessels span a broad spectrum. Modern medical progress has enabled more than 90% of patients to reach adulthood. In many cases, however, patients remain ill throughout their lives, with significant limits on quality of life and physical capacity. Our ongoing goals are to improve treatment options even further. This book details all important imaging techniques for diagnosing congenital heart defects and assessing their severity. The author is a highly experienced expert in his field, making his clinical experience available to readers who can then implement that knowledge in their own daily routine. Key Features: All key imaging modalities, including 2D and 3D echocardiography, cardiac catheter exams, MRI and MR angiography, CT, and chest X-rayDescriptions of general and technical fundamentals, a structure based on clinical pictures, and current standard valuesCrucial information emphasized in callout boxes and tabular overviewsSupports the professional dialogue between all the involved caretakersRichly illustrated with more than 1,000 stunning images from the newest generation of devices Gutberlet's Diagnostic Imaging of Congenital Heart Defects: Diagnosis and Image-Guided Treatment will be welcomed by pediatric and general radiologists as a comprehensive, multimodality guide to the diagnosis and management of congenital heart defects. This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com. Diagnostic Imaging of Congenital Heart Defects: Diagnosis and Image-Guided Treatment Title Page Copyright Dedication Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contributors 1 Cardiogenesis and Classification of Congenital Heart Defects 1.1 Cardiogenesis 1.1.1 Precordial Phase (Weeks 1 and 2 of Development Post Ovulation) 1.1.2 Cardiac Phase (Weeks 3–8 of Development Post Ovulation) 1.2 Classification and Nomenclature 1.2.1 Overview, Segmental Analysis, and Regulatory Algorithm 1.2.2 Primary Malpositions 1.2.3 Secondary Malpositions References Suggested Reading 2 Surgical Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects 2.1 Fundamentals of Surgical Treatment 2.1.1 Evolution of Congenital Heart Surgery 2.1.2 Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects within the Scope of Gradual Therapy or Palliative Treatment 2.1.3 Early Correction vs. Gradual Treatment 2.1.4 Cardiac Surgical Treatment for Common Congenital Heart Defects 2.2 Patient Preparation and Sedation 2.2.1 Preprocedural Visits 2.2.2 Sedation 2.2.3 Special Exam Methods References 3 Technical Basics of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 3.1 Echocardiography 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Standard Techniques 3.1.3 Special and Newer Techniques 3.2 Computed Tomography and Radiation Protection 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2.2 Modern Computed Tomography Technology 3.2.3 Technical Approaches to Cardiac Imaging 3.2.4 Patient Dose and Radiation Protection 3.2.5 Recommendations for Scan Techniques and Dose Optimization 3.3 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Slice Selection and Spatial Encoding 3.3.3 Avoiding Motion Artifacts 3.3.4 Rapid Imaging 3.3.5 Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3.3.6 Quantitative Flow Measurements 3.3.7 Magnetic Resonance Angiography 3.3.8 Depiction of Scars and Fibroses 3.4 Imaging-Guided Interventional Treatment 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4.2 Catheter Procedures without Imaging Guidance 3.4.3 Methods of Imaging Guidance 3.5 Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5.2 Technology 3.5.3 Pediatric Cardiology Applications References Suggested Reading 4 Clinical Pictures 4.1 Shunt Defects 4.1.1 Atrial Septal Defect 4.1.2 Ventricular Septal Defect 4.1.3 Atrioventricular Septal Defect 4.1.4 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 4.1.5 Aortopulmonary Window (Aortopulmonary Septal Defect) 4.2 Right-Side Defects 4.2.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis 4.2.2 Tetralogy of Fallot 4.2.3 Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect and Intact Ventricular Septum 4.2.4 Absent Pulmonary Valve 4.2.5 Ebstein’s Anomaly 4.3 Left-Side Defects 4.3.1 Subaortic Stenosis, Valvular Aortic Stenosis, and Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis 4.3.2 Aortic Coarctation 4.3.3 Interrupted Aortic Arch 4.4 Complex Defects 4.4.1 Transposition of the Great Arteries 4.4.2 Common Arterial Trunk 4.4.3 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) 4.4.4 Univentricular Heart 4.4.5 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return 4.5 Vascular Anomalies 4.5.1 Partial Pulmonary Venous Anomalies 4.5.2 Caval Vein Anomalies, Systemic Venous Anomalies, and Anomalous Body Venous Connections 4.5.3 Aortic Arch and Pulmonary Arterial Anomalies 4.5.4 Congenital Coronary Anomalies 4.5.5 Aortopulmonary Collaterals 4.6 Other Disorders of the Heart and Great Vessels 4.6.1 Cardiomyopathies 4.6.2 Myocarditis 4.6.3 Kawasaki Syndrome 4.6.4 Marfan Syndrome 4.6.5 Williams–Beuren Syndrome 4.6.6 Rhythm Disorders and Dyssynchrony References Suggested Reading 5 Standard Values and Formulas 5.1 Preliminary Remarks 5.2 Standard Values and Formulas for Echocardiography 5.2.1 Standard Values 5.2.2 Formulas with Standard Values 5.2.3 Regional Functional Analysis Using Echocardiography 5.3 Standard Values for Magnetic Resonance Imaging 5.3.1 Children with Healthy Hearts 5.3.2 Patients with Valve Stenoses References Suggested Reading Index