Psychology and crime

Description

Cover Title Copyright Contents List of tables 1 Introduction The origins of criminological psychology Applying psychological principles to crime Forensic psychology Aims, organisation and content of this book 2 Defining and measuring crime What is a crime? What is a criminal? The legalistic approach The deviance approach Variables associated with criminality Age Gender Socio-economic status Race and ethnicity Measuring crime Official crime statistics Victimisation surveys Offender surveys Trends in crime Victimisation Property crime Violent crime Intimate violence and sexual crime Repeat victimisation Effects of victimisation Fear of crime Chapter summary Further reading 3 Biologically oriented explanations of offending Biological differences between offenders and non-offenders Low heart rate Brain structure and functioning Brain chemistry Influences on the nervous system Genetics Genetic influences and evolution Environmental toxins: lead pollution Traumatic brain injury Adverse childhood experiences Biopsychology and offending: general considerations Chapter summary Further reading 4 Psychologically oriented explanations of offending Psychodynamic theories Attachment, delinquency and offending Eysenck’s personality theory Psychopathy Moral development Social cognition Cognitive and emotional deficits Moral disengagement Rational choice theory Chapter summary Further reading 5 Socially oriented explanations of offending Social learning theory The influence of TV, films and videogames Labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy Social identity theory Poverty Neighbourhood influences Chapter summary Further reading 6 Psychology and police investigations The processing of forensic evidence Police interviews The standard interview procedure Cognitive interviewing Interrogation of suspects False confessions Ethical interviewing and the PEACE model Offender profiling Types of profiling Crime scene analysis Clinical profiling Geographical profiling Investigative psychology Does profiling work? Chapter summary Further reading 7 Witness testimony Cognitive processes and witness testimony Weapon focus Contamination by post-event information Emotional arousal Child witnesses Identity parades (lineups) Facial composites Chapter summary Further reading 8 Courtroom processes Trial procedures Juries Jury size and composition Jury deliberation Influences on jury decisions Persuasion by trial lawyers The Yale Model Systematic versus heuristic processing Storytelling in court Courtroom evidence Pretrial publicity Defendant characteristics Attractiveness Gender Race/ethnicity Death penalty decisions Issues arising from mock jury research Chapter summary Further reading 9 Judicial responses to offending Imprisonment Does prison work? Retribution Incapacitation Deterrence Reform Why does prison not reform offenders? Effects of imprisonment Imprisonment: general considerations Non-custodial sentencing Fines Probation and community sentences Restorative justice Chapter summary Further reading 10 Crime prevention Approaches to crime prevention Situational crime prevention Improved street lighting Closed-circuit television Defensible space Developmental crime prevention School-based programmes Community-based programmes Family programmes Offender rehabilitation Anger management programmes Sex offender programmes The reasoning and rehabilitation programme Crime prevention: general considerations Chapter summary Further reading 11 Contemporary topics: terrorism and cybercrime Terrorism Psychological effects of terrorism Who becomes a terrorist? Explanations of terrorism De-radicalisation Cybercrime Measuring cybercrime Involvement in cybercrime Explanations of cybercrime Personality Social learning theory Routine activity theory Future developments Chapter summary Further reading 12 Critical perspectives: crime, gender and race The mainstream view Critical perspectives on crime Feminism, gender and crime Woman offenders Intimate partner violence Feminism: general considerations Critical perspectives on ethnicity, race and crime ‘Intrinsic criminality’ and racism in criminological psychology Critical Race Theory Chapter summary Further reading References Index