Britain and Ireland: A Concise History

Description

Britain and Ireland recounts the history of the two states – the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland (Éire) – and four nations – the Irish, the Welsh, the Scottish and the English – from prehistory to the present. Chapters are organised chronologically starting in 4000 BCE, coming through the Roman occupation, the Reformation, the Industrial Revolution and the formation of the British Empire. Coming up to the present day, this new edition has expanded material on post-1800 Irish history, with particular emphasis on the Famine, Home Rule, the Irish Civil War, partition, the Troubles, the Good Friday Agreement and the Brexit fallout. Later chapters also have increased emphasis on national developments including Thatcherism, Blairism, monarchy, austerity, devolution, the Scottish referendum and international relations with the US, Europe and the Commonwealth, ending with the ongoing impact of COVID-19 and climate change. Accompanied by illustrations and information boxes, and with an increased selection of documents with questions to challenge students of British and Irish studies, the book presents not only the story of what happened in the British Isles, but its interdependence with Europe and the rest of the world. Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction 1 Britons, Celts and Romans, C.4000 Bc– 410 CE Prehistoric Europe and the British Isles The Romans in Britain: Invasion, Conquest, Settlement Conquest, Resistance, Administration Economy, Society, Culture 2 Saxons, Danes and Normans, 410–1154 Angles, Jutes and Saxons Migrants, Invaders, Settlers Christianity Kingship The Scandinavians The Normans Lords, Vassals, Serfs Repercussions, at Home and Abroad Oral Cultures – Recordings of the Past – ‘Literary’ Beginnings 3 Late-Medieval Struggles: Within the British Isles and On the Continent, 1154–1485 Political Struggles in the Isles, 1154–1272 Political Struggles On the Continent and in the Holy Land Political Struggles in the Isles, 1272–1485 The Hundred Years War, 1328–1453 Medieval Changes in Agriculture The Black Death Society and Culture 4 Renaissance – Reconnaissance – Reformation – Revolution, 1485–1688/89 The Protestant Reformations State and Society Under the Tudors The Tudor Monarchs The Periphery The Social Order The Economy International Relations, 1485–1603 State and Society, 1603–1689 An Unstable Union The War(s) of the Three Kingdoms Interregnum? Commonwealth? Republic? Protectorate? The Restoration The Crisis of 1688 and Its Solution International Relations, 1603–1689 Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Astronomy, Philosophy, Institutions of Learning Witch Hunts Literature 5 Towards Internal Stability and External Expansion, 1689–1789 From Union to Union The Union of 1707 The Union of 1801 Eighteenth-century Society The Enlightenment The Philosophes and Their Ideas Political Thought and Practice The British Experience Literary Culture The Transatlantic Economy The Slave Trade Britain, Europe and the World European and Global Rivalries Political Corruption Colonial Rebellion: the Thirteen Colonies 6 Political Reforms, Industrial Revolution, Imperial Rule, 1789–1914 European Perspectives The Revolution in France and the Reconstruction of Europe’s Political Order Industrialisation Colonialism – Imperialism The Right to Vote Culture and Ideology The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland The Industrial Revolution Political Reform The Monarchy Gender Relations Famines Ireland: Catholic Emancipation – Repeal – Home Rule Cultures and Ideologies The British Empire Colonial Relationships, Modes of Imperial Control, ‘Race’, and Colonial Resistance 7 The Twentieth Century Devastation and Decline, Reconstruction and Reorientation, 1914–1999 Wartime Devastations and Peacetime Difficulties The Great War The Interwar Years The Second World War The Postwar Years Reconstruction and Its Limits The Economy Society Media Empire, Commonwealth and Decolonisation The Dominions India The Middle East and the Suez Crisis Africa, the Caribbean, the Falklands and Hong Kong Devolution Ireland Scotland Wales England The Isles in Europe 8 The Twenty-First Century Challenges and Perspectives Terrorism, Domestic and International The Financial Crash, 2007–2012 The COVID-19 Pandemic Climate Change The British Monarchy Brexit Strengthening and Enriching Democracy: the Idea of Citizens’ Assemblies Documents 1 Britons, Celts and Romans, C.4000 BCE–410 CE 1 Civilisation Or Servitude? 2 Saxons, Danes and Normans, 410–1154 2 The Code of Edmund 3 William’s Reign 3 Late-Medieval Struggles: Within the British Isles and On the Continent, 1154–1485 4 Eleventh-Century English Agrarian Society: Rights and Ranks of People Thegn’s Law Cottar’s Right Boor’s Right 5 Land and People Of the Ordering of the City 6 Magna Carta (1225) 4 Renaissance – Reconnaissance – Reformation – Revolution, 1485–1688/89 7 Francesco Petrarch: A Letter to Boccaccio: Literary Humanism (1362) 8 Johann Tetzel, The Spark for the Reformation: Indulgences 9 Martin Luther: Justification By Faith 10 Martin Luther: Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520) 11 An Act for the King’s Highness to Be Supreme Head of the Church of England, and to Have Authority to Reform and Redress All Errors, Heresies, and Abuses in the Same, 1534 12 Tyrone’s Demands 13 An Exhortation Concerning Good Order, and Obedience to Rulers and Magistrates 14 James I: Speech to Parliament (1610) 15 Anthony Van Dyck: Charles I On Horseback (1633) 16 Plantation of Ulster 17 The Nineteen Propositions 18 The Execution 19 Bill of Rights, 1689: An Act of Declaiming the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown 20 Sir Isaac Newton: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy Rule I Rule II Rule III Rule IV 5 Towards Internal Stability and External Expansion, 1689–1789 21 James Thomson: ‘Rule, Britannia!’ 22 Act of Settlement, 1701: An Act for the Further Limitation of the Crown and Better Securing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject 23 The United Irishmen 24 Habeas Corpus Act, 1679: An Act for the Better Securing the Liberty of the Subject and for Prevention of Imprisonments Beyond the Seas 25 Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman 26 Coffee House 27 William Blake: ‘Europe Supported By Africa and America’ 28 The Plan of the Brookes 29 Edmund Burke: Conciliation With America (1775) 30 George III: Speech From the Throne (October 1775) 31 Thomas Paine: Common Sense 6 Political Reforms, Industrial Revolution, Imperial Rule, 1789–1914 32 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (26 August 1789) 33 Edmund Burke: Reflections On the Revolution in France (1790) 34 Thomas Paine: Rights of Man (1791–92) 35 Address of the London Corresponding Society, 19 November 1792 36 Exchanging Goods/commodities, Using Money, and the Uses of Capital 37 Robert Owen: Observations On the Effect of the Manufacturing System (1815) 38 Samuel Smiles: Self-Help (1859) 39 Percy Bysshe Shelley: ‘England in 1819’ 40 ‘Land of Hope and Glory’ 41 Walter Bagehot: The English Monarchy 42 Harriet Taylor: ‘Enfranchisement of Women’ (1851) 43 ‘Why Women Want the Vote’, a Pamphlet Issued By the Women’s Social and Political Union (1903) 44 Dublin, 23 January 1847 45 Workhouses 46 A Land Agent’s Perspective 47 Isaac Butt: For Irish Affairs an Irish Parliament (1874) 48 The Case for Ulster 49 The Case Against Ulster 7 The Twentieth Century: Devastation and Decline, Reconstruction and Reorientation, 1914–1999 50 Herbert Henry Asquith: Justification of War (1914) 51 Bertrand Russell: Reflections On Pacifism in Wartime (1914–1918) 52 William Beveridge: Social Insurance and Allied Services 53 Statute of Westminster (1931) 54 Clement Attlee: The End of British Rule in India (1947) 55 Winston Churchill: A Protest Against Britain’s ‘Shameful Flight’ From India (1947) 56 The Agreement Chronology Glossary A Guide to Further Reading Index