Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities: National and International Perspectives

Description

Social inclusion is often used interchangeably with the terms social cohesion, social integration, and social participation, positioning social exclusion as the opposite. The latter is a contested term that refers to a wide range of phenomena and processes related to poverty and deprivation, but it is also used in relation to marginalized people and places. This book consists of two parts: the first aims to review the domestic and international historical roots and the conceptual base of disability, as well as the expressions of social exclusion of people with disabilities that interfere in their efforts to exercise their rights in society. It offers a comprehensive review of social and legal approaches to social exclusion and inclusion. The second part introduces and analyzes domestic and international social and legal strategies to promote social inclusion for people with disabilities. The closing chapter highlights the role of morality, law, science, and media and technology in achieving inclusion. Arie Rimmerman is Richard Crossman Professor of Social Welfare and Social Planning and former Dean of Social Welfare and Health Sciences and Head of School of Social Work at the University of Haifa, Israel. He is an internationally well-known researcher in social policy and disability who has lectured at several universities in the United States and Europe, including the University of Pennsylvania, Syracuse University and Charles University, Prague. He has published seven books and hundreds of peer reviewed articles and research reports in Israel, the United States, Europe and Australia. He has served as an advisor to ministers of labour and welfare in Israel and public committees on disabilities in Israel, Europe and the United States. He is the recipient of the Lehman Award (1987), the William Trump Award (1998), the International Award of the American Association on Mental Retardation (1999) and the Burton Blatt Leadership Award (2006). Cover ......Page 1 SOCIAL INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: National and International Perspectives......Page 3 Series......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Dedication......Page 9 CONTENTS......Page 11 FOREWORD......Page 13 PREFACE......Page 15 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 19 1 INTRODUCTION......Page 21 Part 1 SOCIAL INCLUSION AND DISABILITY......Page 27 LEARNING FROM HISTORY: THE BIBLE, THE NEW TESTAMENT AND THE QUR’AN......Page 29 ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME......Page 33 THE MIDDLE AGES......Page 34 EARLY MODERN PERIOD THROUGH THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY......Page 35 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 36 THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EUGENICS AND THE EXPANSION OF INSTITUTIONALISATION......Page 37 TOWARD THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY......Page 40 CONCEPTUALISATION OF DISABILITY......Page 42 CONCEPTUALISING DISABILITY: FROM DISABLEMENT TO ENABLEMENT......Page 43 THE MORAL/RELIGIOUS MODEL......Page 44 THE MEDICAL MODEL......Page 45 THE SOCIAL MODEL......Page 48 INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING (ICF)......Page 49 RELIGION, HISTORY, CONCEPTUALISATION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 51 DEFINITIONS AND ROOTS......Page 53 SOCIAL INCLUSION......Page 55 DIMENSIONS OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION......Page 56 THE INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN SOCIAL INCLUSION/SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND SOCIAL CAPITAL......Page 58 SOCIAL EXCLUSION AND STIGMA......Page 60 MEASURING SOCIAL INCLUSION/EXCLUSION......Page 62 INDICATORS OF SOCIAL INCLUSION/EXCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 63 SOCIAL INCLUSION/EXCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES......Page 64 DISABILITY AND POVERTY IN THE UK......Page 65 DISABILITY AND HOUSING......Page 66 SOCIAL INCLUSION/EXCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE OECD......Page 67 SOCIAL INCLUSION/EXCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES: THE NON-INDICATOR APPROACH......Page 69 IMPACT OF DISABILITY ON EMPLOYMENT AND DISABILITY BENEFITS: EVIDENCE FROM CORE RESEARCH STUDIES......Page 70 DISRUPTION, DISBELIEF AND RESISTANCE: A META-SYNTHESIS OF DISABILITY IN THE WORKPLACE......Page 71 EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AMONG ISRAELIS WITH DISABILITIES......Page 72 CONCLUSION......Page 74 IMAGES OF DISABILITY IN CLASSICAL LITERATURE......Page 75 IMAGES OF DISABILITY IN THE MEDIA......Page 76 IMAGES OF DISABILITY IN THE PRINTED MEDIA......Page 86 HOLLYWOOD FILM'S ROLES IN PORTRAYING PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 89 DISABILITY CULTURE......Page 91 THE CASE OF DEAF CULTURE......Page 92 DIGITAL DIVIDE AS A MAJOR BARRIER TO SOCIAL INCLUSION......Page 94 CONCLUSION......Page 97 Part 2 STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE SOCIAL INCLUSION......Page 99 5 SOCIAL STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE SOCIAL INCLUSION: SOCIAL PROTECTION AND SOCIAL CAPITAL......Page 101 SOCIAL PROTECTION POLICY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 102 LABOUR MARKET INTERVENTIONS......Page 103 SOCIAL INSURANCE......Page 116 SOCIAL CAPITAL POLICIES TOWARD PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 119 SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 120 SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE ONLINE COMMUNITY......Page 121 CONCLUSION......Page 122 THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990/2008......Page 123 TITLE I. EMPLOYMENT......Page 124 TITLE V. MISCELLANEOUS......Page 125 THE UK DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT OF 1995......Page 133 ISRAELS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES LAW OF 1998: AN IN-DEPTH VIEW......Page 138 CONCLUSION: THE IMPACT OF DOMESTIC DISABILITY RIGHTS LAWS ON SOCIAL INCLUSION......Page 144 7 THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES: A COMPREHENSIVE INSTRUMENT TO PROMOTE SOCIAL INCLUSION......Page 146 GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THE CRPD......Page 147 STRUCTURE, CONTENT, SIGNATURE AND RATIFYING......Page 148 UN CRPD: APPLICATION TO DOMESTIC LAW AND POLICY......Page 150 ARTICLE 19 OF THE UN CRPD: TWO INTERNATIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS RELATED TO SOCIAL INCLUSION......Page 157 THE EUROPEAN COALITION FOR COMMUNITY LIVING REPORT (2009): FOCUS ON ARTICLE 19......Page 158 INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON ISRAEL'S INSTITUTIONALISATION AND COMMUNITY CARE (2011)......Page 160 THE UNITED STATES......Page 163 THE EUROPEAN UNION......Page 164 AUSTRALIA......Page 166 CONCLUSION......Page 168 STRATEGIES FOR CHANGING STEREOTYPES OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 169 MACRO STRATEGIES: THE EUROPEAN DECLARATION ON ART, CULTURE, MEDIA AND DISABILITY (2003) AND THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY (2006)......Page 171 ARTICLE 8 OF THE UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY (2006)......Page 172 EUROPEAN AND AUSTRALIAN MEDIA PROJECTS: INCREASING AND IMPROVING THE PORTRAYAL OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE MEDIA......Page 175 AUSTRALIA'S POSITIVE IMAGE STRATEGY......Page 177 THE USE OF GUIDELINES FOR DEPICTING PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE MEDIA......Page 179 MICRO-STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE MEDIA CHANGE TOWARD PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES......Page 180 PROGRESSIVE ADVERTISING......Page 182 RECOGNITION OF BEST PRACTICE......Page 183 BRIDGING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: OVERVIEW OF GENERAL POLICIES......Page 184 The Development of Digital Infrastructure in the United States......Page 186 Coping with Digital Illiteracy in the United States......Page 188 Building a Digital Society in the United States......Page 189 EUROPE......Page 191 CLOSING THE GAP BASED ON EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICES......Page 193 CONCLUSION......Page 194 WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS OF BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE CURRENT VIEWS OF INCLUSION?......Page 196 WHICH STRATEGY IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN PROMOTING SOCIAL INCLUSION OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES?......Page 198 CAN THE MEDIA CHANGE PORTRAYALS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND IS IT POSSIBLE TO NARROW THE DIGITAL DIVIDE?......Page 200 POSTSCRIPT......Page 201 INDEX......Page 203