Brill's Companion to the Reception of Athenian Democracy: From the Late Middle Ages to the Contemporary Era

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Brill's Companion to the Reception of Athenian Democracy delivers a fresh and wide-ranging analysis of the uses and reinterpretations of ancient Greek democracy from the late Middle Ages to the XXI century, offering a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to this important topic. Half Title Series Information Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction 1 Some Reasons for a Companion 2 The Structure of the Volume 2.1 Part I: An Introduction to Athenian Democracy and Its Reception 2.2 Part II: the Reception of Athenian Democracy: Ages, Countries, Scholarship 2.3 Part III: Modern Philosophy in the Face of Athenian Democracy 2.4 Part IV: Athenian Democracy and Contemporary Political Science Bibliography Part 1 An Introduction to Athenian Democracy and Its Reception Chapter 1 The Nature of Athenian Democracy 1 Democracy 2 Ideology 3 Institutions 4 History 5 The Character of the Fourth-Century Democracy 6 Tradition109 Bibliography Part 2 The Reception of Athenian Democracy Chapter 2 Athenian Democracy in the Late Middle Ages and Early Humanism 1 Aristotle’s Reappearance: a False Start 2 Francesco Petrarca: the Men, Not the Institutions 3 In Florence: the First Humanist Wave 3.1 Leonardo Bruni and the First Humanists Interested in Athens’ Institutions 3.2 Poggio Bracciolini 3.3 Leon Battista Alberti Bibliography Chapter 3 Athenian Democracy in the Italian Renaissance 1 Naples: the Second Humanist Wave 1.1 Giovanni Pontano 1.2 Francesco Patrizi of Siena 2 Niccolò Machiavelli: the Rise of the Mixed Constitution 3 Carlo Sigonio: the Time of the Antiquarians Bibliography Chapter 4 Hobbes, Thucydides and Athenian Democracy 1 By Way of Introduction 2 Hobbes’ Translation of Thucydides and His “Humanist” Period 3 Hobbes, Thucydides, and Athenian Democracy 4 Athenian Democracy and the Early Years of Charles i’s Reign 5 Conclusions Bibliography Chapter 5 The Reception of Athenian Democracy in French Culture from the Enlightenment to the Second Empire 1 Prolegomena 2 Rollin and the Emergence of a Democratic Athens 3 The Democratic Athens from Montesquieu to Barthélemy (1748–1788) 4 Athenian Democracy in the Culture of the People of the Revolution 5 “The Imaginary Liberal” and the Development of a “Bourgeois Athens” by Pierre-Charles Lévesque to Benjamin Constant (between 1795 and 1819) 6 The Reception of the “Liberal” Athens in France, from George Grote to Victor Duruy Bibliography Chapter 6 Athens and the Founders of the American Republic 1 The Founders’ Classical Education 2 The Persian Wars and the Superiority of Republican Government 3 Athens and the Perils of Democracy 4 The Fall of Greece and the Need for a Strong Central Government Bibliography Chapter 7 The Character of Democracy: Grote’s Athens and Its Legacy 1 Grote’s Athens in Its Context 2 The Character of Democracy 3 A Revolutionary Athens 4 The Impact of Grote’s Athens Bibliography Chapter 8 German Evaluations of Athenian Democracy in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries 1 Repercussions of the French Revolution 2 Burckhardt, Weber and the Subordination of the Individual to the State 3 Topical Criticism of Athens by Nineteenth Century German Classicists 4 Positive Images of Athens 5 The “Rehabilitation” of Athenian Democracy 6 From the First World War to the Third Reich 7 No German Exceptionalism Bibliography Chapter 9 Liberty Ancient and Modern in Twentieth-Century Italy: Between Classical Scholarship and Political Theory 1 Moral Liberty versus Hedonistic Liberty: Croce on the Ancients and the Moderns 2 Greek Liberty and Universal History: Arnaldo Momigliano 3 Greece versus Rome: the Anti-liberal Point of View of Aldo Ferrabino 4 Demosthenes as the Hero of Liberty: Piero Treves 5 Greatness and Limits of Athens: Gaetano De Sanctis 6 Modern Democracy: Nothing to Do with Athens? 7 Modern Democracy: Something to Do with Athens? Bibliography Part 3 Modern Philosophy in the Face of Athenian Democracy Chapter 10 What Has Marxism Got to Do with Ancient Athens?: Marx and Marxist Historiography on Ancient Democracy 1 Introduction1 2 The Polis According to Marx 3 A “Republican Yankee” in Russia 4 The Schoolmaster and the Erudite Philistine 5 The Ethnological Notebooks, a Contaminated Text 6 What is Left of Marxist Historiography? Bibliography Chapter 11 The Philosopher and the City: Leo Strauss’ Reading of Athenian Democracy 1 Leo Strauss and the Quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns 2 A Tale of Two Cities 3 The Philosopher and the City 4 Jerusalem and Athens 5 Writing between the Lines 6 Beyond the Veil Bibliography Chapter 12 “The Political Sphere of Life, Where Speech Rules Supreme”: Hannah Arendt’s Imaginative Reception of Athenian Democracy 1 The Loss of Tradition 2 Democracy versus Isonomia 3 The Polis as Experience of Interdependence 4 A Difficult Recuperation? 5 The Re-emergence of Isonomy Bibliography Chapter 13 Philosophy as a Political Praxis: Foucault’s Use of the Classics 1 Foucault, the Classical Heritage, and the Enlightenment 2 The Care of the Self and the Political Domain 3 The Construction of Philosophical Ethos 4 Parrhesia as Resistance 5 Nussbaum’s Theory of Justice – or, What Foucault’s Philosophy Lacks Bibliography Part 4 Athenian Democracy and Contemporary Political Science Chapter 14 Classical Athens as an Epistemic Democracy 1 Introduction: Theories of Epistemic Democracy1 2 A Successful Epistemic Democracy 3 Conditions for Knowledge Aggregation 4 Cleisthenes’ Reforms: Demes and Tribes as Social Networks 5 The Council of 500: Structural Holes and Bridging Ties 6 Organizational and Individual Learning 7 Conclusions Bibliography Chapter 15 Sortition and Politics: From Radical to Deliberative Democracy – and Back? 1 Introduction1 2 Athens: Sortition as a Tool for Radical Democracy 2.1 Sortition in the Athenian Polity 2.2 The Ideal of Radical Democracy 2.3 Divinatory Sortition and Distributive Sortition 3 Sortition and Democracy, Ancient and Modern 3.1 Randomly Selected Minipublics and Deliberative Democracy 3.2 Representative Sample and Descriptive Representation 3.3 Legitimacy and Challenges 3.4 Sortition and Politics: a Typology 4 Conclusion Bibliography General Index of Names and Subjects