Innovation in Tbm Traffic Tunnels
Book information
Description
Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) constructed tunnels are widespread, and can deliver significant environmental and cost benefits. However, as noted in the noteworthy examples of TBM traffic tunnels presented in this book, there are still important challenges associated with them, linked in particular to structural safety in the event of earthquakes, as well as cost and safety issues during operation. To face these challenges, Innovation in TBM Traffic Tunnels presents three innovative concepts in the field of construction of TBM rail and road tunnels: the TISB concept that improves the structural safety of those built on soft soil in seismic areas, and the TMG and TMF concepts, for rail and road tunnels, respectively, that allow for significant reduction of their cost and the improvement of safety during operation. Examples of the application of these new concepts in the conceptual design of specific tunnel cases are presented and compared with solutions based on common approaches, demonstrating the additional benefits of these concepts. The book also draws attention to other innovations in TBM tunnelling that may improve the construction of tunnels in the future, especially when using the concepts mentioned above. Innovation in TBM Traffic Tunnels is aimed at professionals involved in the planning, design, and construction of tunnels for transport infrastructure, including authorities, consultants and construction companies, worldwide. Cover Title Page Copyright Dedication Table of contents About the Author Ackowledgments Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 The world of tunnelling Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Brief history of tunnelling 1.3 Purpose of tunnels 1.4 Tunnel construction techniques 1.4.1 General 1.4.2 Cut-and-cover tunnels 1.4.3 Sequential excavation tunnels 1.4.4 Immersed tunnels 1.4.5 Bored (TBM) tunnels 1.5 Landmarks in tunnel construction 1.6 Conclusions References Chapter 2 TBM tunnels Abstract 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Development of the TBMs 2.3 Construction of tunnels with TBMs 2.4 Types of TBMs 2.4.1 General 2.4.2 Hard rock TBMs 2.4.3 Soft or fractured rock TBMs 2.4.4 Soft ground TBMs 2.4.5 Heterogeneous ground TBMs 2.4.6 TBMs for urban and near surface tunnelling 2.4.7 TBMs for undersea tunnels 2.5 The race for the Mega TBMs 2.6 Thickness of the precast segments of TBM tunnels 2.7 Efficiency index of the cross-section of TBM road tunnels 2.8 Construction costs of TBM railway and road tunnels 2.9 Conclusions References Chapter 3 Safety of traffic tunnels Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Safety of railway tunnels 3.3 Safety of road tunnels 3.4 Cross-section of railway tunnels 3.5 Cross-section of road tunnels 3.6 Emergency exits 3.7 Ventilation systems 3.8 Fire fighting systems 3.8.1 General 3.8.2 Fixed Fire Fighting Systems 3.9 Safety in operation 3.10 Conclusions References Chapter 4 Current concepts in TBM traffic tunnels andnoteworthy examples Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 TBM railway tunnels 4.2.1 Current concepts in TBM railway tunnels 4.2.2 Three-tube tunnels with two single-track tubes 4.2.3 Dual-tube tunnels with single-track tubes 4.2.4 Mono-tube tunnels with two single-track galleries 4.3 TBM road tunnels 4.3.1 Current concepts in TBM road tunnels 4.3.2 Dual-tube unidirectional tunnels 4.3.3 Mono-tube double-deck unidirectional tunnels 4.4 Conclusions References Chapter 5 The TISB, TMG and TMF concepts Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Main challenges in TBM traffic tunnels 5.2.1 TBM tunnels in soft ground in seismic areas 5.2.2 Tunnel concepts and safety in operation of TBM traffic tunnels 5.3 The TISB, TMG and TMF concepts 5.3.1 The TISB concept 5.3.2 The TMG concept 5.3.3 The TMF concept 5.4 Tunnelling based on TISB, TMG and TMF concepts 5.4.1 Tunnel cross-sectional layout 5.4.2 Inner diameter of tunnels 5.4.3 Access ramps of road tunnels 5.4.4 Structural verifications 5.4.5 Execution of traffic galleries inside the tunnels 5.4.6 Connections of cast-in-situ elements to the tunnel wall 5.4.7 Execution of vertical access galleries 5.4.8 Technical systems 5.4.9 Safety in operation 5.5 Conclusions References Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of a TBM tunnel on soft ground in aseismic area based on the TISB concept Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Characteristics of the tunnel 6.3 The incident 6.4 The rehabilitation process 6.5 Alternative solution based on the TISB concept 6.6 Structural verifications 6.6.1 Static behaviour 6.6.2 Seismic behaviour 6.7 Conclusions References Chapter 7 TBM tunnels for high-speed railway lines (HSRL)based on the TMG concept Abstract 7.1 Introduction 7.2 TBM tunnel concepts in HSRL 7.3 TBM tunnels for HSRL based on the TMG concept 7.3.1 General 7.3.2 Lay-out of the tunnels 7.3.3 Technical systems 7.3.4 Safety in operation 7.3.5 Costs 7.4 Application in a railway tunnel at the HSRL Lisbon-Porto 7.5 Conclusions References Chapter 8 TBM tunnel solution for a road crossing on soft groundin a seismic area based on the TISB and TMF concepts Abstract 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The options for the Algés-Trafaria crossing 8.2.1 Bridge versus tunnel 8.2.2 Immersed tunnel versus TBM tunnel 8.3 TBM tunnel solution based on the TISB and TMF concepts 8.3.1 Plan and longitudinal section of the tunnel 8.3.2 Cross-section of the tunnel 8.3.3 Structural safety 8.3.4 Technical systems 8.3.5 Safety in operation 8.3.6 Estimated cost and financing 8.4 Conclusions References Chapter 9 TBM tunnel solution for a large mixed rail and roadcrossing based on the TMG and TMF concepts Abstract 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link 9.3 The Immersed tunnel solution 9.3.1 General description 9.3.2 Environmental impact 9.3.3 Safety in operation 9.3.4 Cost 9.4 The Basic TBM tunnel solution 9.4.1 General description 9.4.2 Environmental impact 9.4.3 Safety in operation 9.4.4 Cost 9.5 Comparison between the Immersed tunnel solution and the basic TBM tunnel solution 9.6 Alternative TBM tunnel solution based on theTMG and TMF concepts 9.6.1 General description 9.6.2 Environmental impact 9.6.3 Technical systems 9.6.4 Safety in operation 9.6.5 Cost 9.7 Comparison between the Immersed tunnel solution and the alternative TBM tunnel solution 9.7.1 Introduction 9.7.2 Environmental impact 9.7.3 Technical risks during construction 9.7.4 Proven technology 9.7.5 Safety in operation 9.7.6 Schedule and finances 9.8 Conclusions References Chapter 10 Conclusions and future perspectives Abstract 10.1 Main conclusions 10.2 Future perspectives 10.2.1 Challenging applications 10.2.2 New technological advances 10.3 Final remarks References Index
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