Emergency Ultrasound Made Easy

Description

The use of ultrasound in emergency medicine has proved invaluable in answering very specific, time-critical questions, such as the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, or of blood in the abdomen after trauma. Unlike other imaging modalities (e.g. CT scan) it is a rapid technique that can be brought to the patient with ease. This book, Emergency Ultrasound Made Easy, is accessible and easy to use in an emergency. It is aimed mainly at specialists and trainees in emergency medicine, surgery and intensive care; but its broad scope (e.g. rapid diagnosis of DVT) makes it an invaluable addition to the library of any doctor with an interest in ultrasound, whether in primary care or the hospital setting. A pocket-sized and practical guide to the appropriate use of ultrasound in the emergency department. Designed to be used in an urgent situation (e.g. a shocked trauma patient). Written by team of international leading experts. This Second Edition has been comprehensively revised and updated to reflect the major advances in the practice of bedside ultrasound, and reflects the pioneering efforts of individual clinicians and the high-quality portable machines now available. This edition still firmly adheres to the principles of only using ultrasound where it adds value and only asking simple questions that may be readily addressed using ultrasound. Front cover Emergency Ultrasound Made Easy Copyright page Table of contents Contributors Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction What is ultrasound? What is emergency US? What it isn’t (you are not a radiologist!) First considerations Chapter 2: How ultrasound works What is ultrasound? Types of US Producing the image The transducer Orientation The keyboard Artefacts Handy hints Chapter 3: Abdominal aorta The question: is there an abdominal aortic aneurysm? Why use ultrasound? Clinical picture Before you scan The technique and views Handy hints What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Now what? Chapter 4: Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) and extended FAST (EFAST) The question: is there free fluid? Why use ultrasound? Clinical picture Cautions and contraindications Before you scan Technique and views Handy hints What FAST can tell you What FAST can’t tell you Now what? Chapter 5: Lung and thorax How can lung ultrasound help me? Why use US? Clinical picture Cautions and contraindications Technique and views What to look for Handy hints and pitfalls What lung US can help tell you What lung US can’t tell you Now what? Chapter 6: Focused echocardiography and volume assessment Why use ultrasound? Scanning the patient Handy hints and pitfalls Now what? Chapter 7: Renal tract Introduction Why use US? Five good reasons Anatomy What US can tell you What US can’t tell you The technique and views Probe placement and landmarks Handy hints and caveats Now what? Chapter 8: Gall bladder and common bile duct Introduction Why use US? Anatomy What emergency US can tell you What emergency US can’t tell you The technique and views Handy hints and caveats Now what? Chapter 9: Early pregnancy Introduction Ectopic pregnancy Why use US? What emergency US can tell you What emergency US can’t tell you The role of βHCG Clinical picture Before you scan The technique and views: TA scan Handy hints Now what? Chapter 10: Ultrasound-guided procedures Why use ultrasound? Probe sterilization Central venous cannulation Anatomy Which technique? Handy hints and pitfalls Thoracocentesis, pericardiocentesis and paracentesis Anatomy Needle placement Handy hints and pitfalls What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Complications of draining effusions Suprapubic catheterization Lumbar puncture Technique Handy hints and pitfalls Chapter 11: Nerve blocks Why use ultrasound? Which blocks? US appearance Probe and scanner settings Technique Notes on specific nerve blocks Handy hints and pitfalls Chapter 12: Deep vein thrombosis The question: is there a deep vein thrombosis? Why use compression ultrasound? Anatomy (Fig. 12.1) Clinical picture Before you scan The technique and views Handy hints What three-point compression US can tell you What three-point compression US can’t tell you Now what? Chapter 13: Musculoskeletal and soft tissues The questions Paediatric hip effusion Why use US? Clinical picture Before you scan The technique and views Essential views Handy hints What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Now what? Soft tissue infections Why use US? The technique and views Normal anatomy US appearances of pathology What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Shoulder dislocation Why use US? Anatomy The technique and views US appearances Essential views Handy hints What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Fracture diagnosis Why use US? The technique and views (distal radius and ulna) US appearances Handy hints What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Chapter 14: Soft-tissue foreign bodies The question: is there a foreign body? Why use ultrasound? Clinical picture The technique and views Handy hints What US can tell you What US can’t tell you Now what? Chapter 15: Emergency ultrasound in combat/austere settings Why use ultrasound in this setting? Handy hints and pitfalls Before you scan Airway and breathing Airway assessment with US Breathing assessment with US Circulation Musculoskeletal Telemedicine using US in austere settings Future directions Chapter 16: Conclusion Audit/quality control/training Research and future directions Appendix 1 Useful paperwork: logbook sheet Appendix 2 Useful organizations Appendix 3 Further reading Index