The Voice of Silence: Women's Literacy in a Men's Church

Description

This book aims to collect and present the results of research done within the context of the project 'The voice of silence / La voz del silencio: An interdisciplinary research project about literate women and women authors in the West-European late Middle Ages (11th to 15th centuries) from a gender perspective'. The project was a bilateral research project, with participants of the University of Santiago de Chile on the one hand and Universiteit Gent on the other. Medieval scholars, literary historians, cultural historians and literary theorists joined forces. The angle from which the material was being studied, however, was always the same: gender being the central issue. The project focused on women as participants in late medieval society and culture. Indeed, all the researchers involved acquired their expertise in the field of 'medieval society and culture' and/or the field of women's literacy. Several members of this Flemish-Chilean project have contributed an essay to the proposed book, but supplemented by guest contributions. The guests are internationally renowned scholars reflecting an expertise in gender studies or in an aspect not covered by the team members of the project. Thus, the book contains essays by Anglo-American medieval scholars and researchers specialised in Dutch medieval mysticism. Their contributions complete the research results of the project, especially within the art of criticism. The story told in this book is focused on literate women and gender. In the course of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the voices of women authors, many of them religious and mystics, resounded again in a literate society dominated by clerics. Two of the most famous representatives of this 'female voice' are highlighted in Part I. These women were the forerunners of a new reading culture among (semi-)religious and even lay women in which the use of the vernacular was a decisive factor (Part II). Yet, from the thirteenth century onwards, and with increasing intensity towards the end of the Middle Ages, men once more tried to get a grip on (religious) women's reading and writing. Aspects of these attemps are illustrated in part III. Introduction. The Voice of Silence: A Chilean-Flemish Research Project / THÉRÈSE DE HEMPTINNE AND MARÍA EUGENIA GÓNGORA vii From Hildegard to Hadewijch: The Reappearance of the Female Voice in Medieval Literate Culture Priests, Prophets, and Magicians: Max Weber and Pierre Bourdieu vs. Hildegard of Bingen / JEROEN DEPLOIGE 3 'Feminea Forma' and 'Virga': Two Images of Incarnation in Hildegard of Bingen’s 'Symphonia' / MARÍA EUGENIA GÓNGORA 23 The Eve–Mary Dichotomy in the 'Symphonia' of Hildegard of Bingen / MARÍA ISABEL FLISFISCH 37 'Virginitas' and 'Auctoritas': Two Threads in the Fabric of Hildegard of Bingen’s 'Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum' / BEATRIZ MELI 47 Gender and Genre: The Design of Hadewijch’s 'Book of Visions' / VEERLE FRAETERS 57 Religious Women and their Books: A Flourishing Reading and Writing Culture 'Staining the Speech of Things Divine': The Uses of Literacy in Medieval Beguine Communities / WALTER SIMONS 85 Reading, Writing, and Devotional Practices: Lay and Religious Women and the Written Word in the Low Countries (1350–1550) / THÉRÈSE DE HEMPTINNE 111 Songs of Praise for the 'Illiterate': Latin Hymns in Middle Dutch Prose Translation / YOURI DESPLENTER 127 Literate Women Beheld by Men: Male Representations of Female Writing and Reading Practices 'De litterali et morali earum instruccione': Women’s Literacy in Thirteenth-Century Latin Agogic Texts / KATRIEN HEENE 145 The 'Various Writings of Humanity': Johannes Tauler on Hildegard of Bingen’s 'Scivias' / JEFFREY F. HAMBURGER 167 'Ex levitate mulierum': Masculine Mysticism and Jan van Ruusbroec’s Perception of Religious Women / GEERT WARNAR 193 Check and Double-check: An Unknown Vision Cycle by a Religious Woman from the Low Countries / WYBREN SCHEEPSMA 207 Epilogue. 'Silent Women, Holy Women?': Some Reflections on the 'Voice of Silence' / MARYSA DEMOOR 223