Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis

Description

The definitive resource for psychological diagnosis, updated with the latest research Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis offers comprehensive coverage of psychological disorders and presents a balanced integration of empirical data and diagnostic criteria to aid in understanding diagnosis and psychopathology. Designed to support students of clinical psychology, counseling, nursing, and social work, this invaluable resource merges overviews, case studies, and examination of individual disorders in an accessible format that facilitates easy reference. Broad-reaching issues such as interviewing and cross cultural considerations are discussed in detail for their effect on the clinical presentation of every disorder and case studies illustrate how diagnoses are reached and applied in real-world clinical settings. Updated to reflect the latest advances in research, this new 8th Edition includes new coverage of personality disorders, a new chapter on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDOC), new authors for a number of the chapters, and contributions by leaders in the field to provide students with exceptional insight into psychopathology and diagnosis. Get up to date on the latest research based on DSM-5 categorizationEasily locate and retain information with a proven chapter structureExamine a new alternative DSM-5 model for personality disordersInclude cross-cultural considerations throughout investigation and diagnosis In clarifying DSM-5 classification and diagnostic guidelines while integrating leading-edge research with a case study approach, this book provides the most complete, most up-to-date reference for graduate students and practitioners alike. Thorough coverage of essential topics such as neurological foundations, dual diagnoses, eating disorders, anxiety, gender issues and more provides both theoretical insight as well as practical understanding, making Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis once again a top resource for the field.  Adult Psychopathology and Diagnosis Contents Contributors Preface About the Companion Website Part I: Overview Chapter 1: Mental Disorders as Discrete Clinical Conditions: Dimensional Versus Categorical Classification Diagnostic Boundaries Depression The Continuum of Depression Subthreshold Major Depression Alcohol Abuse and Dependence Personality Disorders Boundaries with Other Mental Disorders Boundaries with Other Personality Disorders and Normal Personality Intellectual Disability Dsm-5 and Dimensional Classification References Chapter 2: Promise and Challenges with the Research Domain Criteria Framework Research Domain Criteria: Description and Reasons for Development The RDoC Matrix Illustrative Example for the Rdoc Matrix RDoC Critiques and Responses Examples of Individual Research Projects Using Rdoc-Compatible Methodologies Summary References Chapter 3: The Problem of Dual Diagnosis Methodological Issues in the Assessment Diagnosis Sample Selection Influences Findings Study Methods and Assessment Measures Influence Findings There Is No Single Definition of Dual Diagnosis Findings From Major Epidemiological Studies Dual Diagnosis Is Highly Prevalent in Community Samples High Prevalence Rates of Dual Diagnosis Persist Over Time Dual Diagnosis Is Only One Part of the Comorbidity Puzzle Gambling Disorder Tobacco Dependence Cross-National Epidemiological Studies Prevalence of Dual Diagnosis in Age-Related Subgroups Interplay of Psychiatric Disorders and Comorbid Medical Conditions Findings From Studies of Clinical Samples Dual Diagnosis in General Psychiatric Patients Dual Diagnosis in Samples of Patients with Specific Disorders Dual Diagnosis in Patients with Primary SUDs Clinical Impact of Dual Disorders Impact of Dual Diagnosis on Functioning Symptoms, Course of Illness, and Life Functioning Cognitive Functioning Treatment Noncompliance and Violence Impact of Dual Diagnosis on Clinical Care and Related Factors Service Utilization and Health Care Costs Physical Illness Legal Problems Homelessness Issues for Women with Serious Mental Illness and Substance Abuse Provision of Treatment and Treatment Outcome Impact of Dual Disorders on Assessment and Diagnosis Symptom Overlap Multiple Impairments Owing to Different Disorders Substance-Induced Disorders Resemble Psychiatric Disorders Implications for Nosology Impact of Dual Diagnosis on Psychopathology Research Diagnostic and Sample Selection Issues in Psychopathology Research Interpretation of Psychopathology and Treatment Outcome Research Theories of Dual Diagnosis Common Factors Models Secondary Substance Abuse Models Secondary Psychiatric Disorder Models Bidirectional Models Summary and Future Directions References Chapter 4: Structured and Semistructured Interviews for Differential Diagnosis: Fundamental Issues, Applications, and Features Basic Issues Regarding Structured and Semistructured Interviews Applications of Structured and Semistructured Interviews Research Clinical Practice Clinical Training Advantages and Disadvantages of Structured and Semistructured Interviews Advantage: Increased Reliability Advantage: Increased Validity Advantage: Utility as Training Tools Disadvantage: May Hinder Rapport Disadvantage: Limited by the Validity of the Classification System Itself Disadvantage: The Trade-Off of Breadth Versus Depth Weighing Advantages and Disadvantages Structured and Semistructured Interviews for Differential Diagnosis Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5 Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-5 Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders Semistructured Interviews for Personality Disorders Diagnostic Interview for Personality Disorders International Personality Disorder Examination Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Personality Disorders Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) of DSM-5 Summary and Conclusions References Chapter 5: Impact of Race, Ethnicity, and Culture on the Expression and Assessment of Psychopathology Relevance of Ethnic Identity and Acculturation InAdultPsychopathology Relevance of Sociocultural Factors in Adult Psychopathology Expression/Assessment of Psychopathology Expression of Psychopathology Differs Across Cultural Groups Expression of Psychopathology Differs Within National Borders Prevalence Rates May Differ for Cultural Reasons Stigma and Somatization of Distress Across Cultures Spirituality and Religion Racism and Discrimination Language and Symptom Expression Treatment Issues Clinician and Client Interplay Role of Stereotypes, Biases, and the Clinician's Culture Culture as an Integral Part of Assessment Mistrust of Medical Institutions and Establishment Lack of Awareness Can Result in Misdiagnosis Conclusions References Part II: Specific Disorders Chapter 6: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Introduction Description of the Disorder Clinical Picture Diagnostic Considerations Substance Use Disorders Mood Disorders Schizoaffective Disorder Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Psychological Assessment Family Assessment Biological Assessment Etiological Considerations Behavioral Genetics and Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Sex and Racial-Ethnic Considerations Course and Prognosis Case Study Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment Summary References Chapter 7: Bipolar and Related Disorders Description of the Disorder Epidemiology Age at Onset Gender and Racial-Ethnic Issues Clinical Picture Suicide Functional Impairment Medical Comorbidity and Mortality Course and Prognosis Psychosocial Predictors of the Course of Bipolar Disorder Psychosocial Predictors of Depression Within BD Psychosocial Predictors of Mania Goal Dysregulation Sleep and Schedule Disruption Treatment of BD Pharmacological Treatments Psychotherapy as an Adjunct to Medication Maintenance Diagnostic Considerations The Bipolar Spectrum Diagnosis in Children and Adolescents Dual Diagnosis Diagnostic Assessment Methods Etiological Considerations Heritability Neurotransmitter Dysregulation Dopamine Serotonin Inflammatory Markers Brain Regions Involved in Bipolar Disorder Case Study Case Identification and Presenting Complaints Summary References Chapter 8: Depressive Disorders Description of the Disorders Major Depressive Disorder Specifiers Persistent Depressive Disorder Specifiers Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder Depressive Disorder due to Another Medical Condition Other Specified Depressive Disorder and Unspecified Depressive Disorder Diagnostic Specifiers When Depression Is not a Depressive Disorder Clinical Picture Diagnostic Considerations Medical Illness Drug and Alcohol Use and Abuse Grief and Bereavement Depression Due to Other Psychiatric Disorders Late-Life Depression Epidemiology Community Samples Prevalence by Gender Prevalence by Age Cohort Prevalence in Racial/Ethnic Minorities Prevalence in Special Settings Psychological Assessment Screening Instruments Structured and Semi-Structured Clinical Interviews The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders Composite International Diagnostic Interview The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Comment Etiological Considerations Familial and Genetic Factors Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Neuroanatomy and Neurocircuitry Neurochemistry and Transmitters Psychological Factors Life Events Gender, Race, and Ethnicity Course and Prognosis Course Prognosis Treatment Case Studies Major Depression Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment Persistent Depressive Disorder Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment Unspecified Depressive Disorder Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment/Treatment Summary References Chapter 9: Anxiety Disorders Description of the Disorders Panic Disorder Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobias Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Panic Disorder Prevalence Gender Age of Onset Comorbidity Clinical Course Agoraphobia Prevalence Gender Age of Onset Comorbidity Clinical Course Generalized Anxiety Disorder Prevalence Gender Age of Onset Comorbidity Clinical Course Social Anxiety Disorder Prevalence Gender Age of Onset Comorbidity Clinical Course Specific Phobia Prevalence Gender Age of Onset Comorbidity Clinical Course Assessment Clinical Interviews Self-Report Measures Behavioral Assessments Biological Assessment Treatment Pharmacological Treatments Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobia Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments Panic Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobia Other Psychological Treatments Combined Pharmacological and Psychological Treatments Predictors of Treatment Outcome Etiology Behavioral Genetics Biological Considerations Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Autonomic Inflexibility Neurological Considerations Panic Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Specific Phobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Specific Genes Personality and Temperament Anxiety Sensitivity Behavioral Inhibition and Shy Temperament Behavioral Considerations Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Vicarious Conditioning Informational Acquisition Preparedness Theory Cognitive Considerations Content-Specific Cognitions and Related Variables Cognitive Processes and Related Variables Socialization and the Social Environment Culture Life Events References Chapter 10: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Etiological Considerations Behavioral and Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Cognitive Influences Sex and Racial-Ethnic Considerations Course and Prognosis Case Studies Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Identifying Information and Presenting Problem Assessment and Treatment Body Dysmorphic Disorder Identifying Information and Presenting Problem Assessment and Treatment Hoarding Disorder Identifying Information and Presenting Problem Assessment and Treatment Trichotillomania Identifying Information and Presenting Problem Assessment and Treatment Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder Identifying Information and Presenting Problem Assessment and Treatment References Chapter 11: Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Acute Stress, and Adjustment Disorders Clinical Features Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Etiological Considerations Behavioral and Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Cognitive Influences Sex and Racial-Ethnic Considerations Course, Prognosis, and Treatment Case Studies Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Adjustment Disorder Summary References Chapter 12: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Description of the Disorders Specific Disorders Clinical Picture Somatic Symptom Disorder Illness Anxiety Disorder Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder) Psychological Factors Affecting Other Medical Conditions Factitious Disorder Other Specified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder and Unspecified Somatic Symptom and Related Disorder Diagnostic Considerations (Including Dual Diagnosis) Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Etiological Considerations Behavioral Genetics and Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Cognitive Influences Sex and Racial-Ethnic Considerations Course and Prognosis (Including Issues of Treatment) Case Study Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment (Related To DSM-5 Criteria) Summary References Chapter 13: Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Amnesia Epidemiology Dissociative Fugue Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Dissociative Identity Disorder Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Psychological Assessment Structured Interview Measures Self-Report Measures Case Example Case Identification and Presenting Complaints History Assessment Etiological Considerations Behavioral Genetics Biology Learning, Modeling and Life Events The Post-Traumatic Versus the Sociocognitive Models of Dissociation Cognitive Mechanisms of Dissociation Sleep, Memory, and Dissociation: Possibilities for Theoretical Integration Signs of Theoretical Convergence Treatment Depersonalization and Derealization Dissociative Identity Disorder Conclusion References Chapter 14: Feeding and Eating Disorders Description of the Disorders Clinical Picture Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Structured Interviews Self-Reports Medical Assessment Etiological Considerations Behavioral Genetics and Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Neuropeptides Monoamines Structural Abnormalities Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Life Events Distress Tolerance Cognitive Functioning Racial-Ethnic Considerations Course and Prognosis Case Study Referral Presenting Complaints History Assessment Summary References Chapter 15: Sleep Disorders Introduction Features of Healthy Sleep Sleep Stages Sleep Architecture Sleep Measurement Self-Report Measures Actigraphy Polysomnography Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) Sleep Disorders Insomnia Disorder Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Comorbid Medical and Psychological Factors Hypersomnolence Disorder Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Comorbid Medical and Psychological Factors Circadian Rhythm Disorders Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Comorbid Medical and Psychological Factors Nightmare Disorder Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Comorbid Medical and Psychological Factors REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Comorbid Medical and Psychological Factors Non-REM Sleep Arousal Disorders Epidemiology Etiology Diagnosis Comorbid Medical and Psychological Factors Case Study Background and History Diagnostic Conceptualization Summary References Chapter 16: Sexual Dysfunctions and Paraphilic Disorders Part I: Sexual Dysfunctions Description of Sexual Disorders Clinical Picture Delayed Ejaculation Erectile Disorder Female Orgasmic Disorder Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Premature (Early) Ejaculation Substance/Medication-Induced Sexual Dysfunction Other Specified Sexual Dysfunction and Unspecified Sexual Dysfunction Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Etiological Considerations Delayed Ejaculation Erectile Disorder Female Orgasmic Disorder Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Premature (Early) Ejaculation Course, Prognosis, and Treatment Delayed Ejaculation Erectile Disorder Female Orgasmic Disorder Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Premature (Early) Ejaculation Case Studies Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in a Man A Couple-Based Approach to Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder Summary of Sexual Dysfunctions Part II: Paraphilic Disorders Description of Paraphilias Clinical Picture Exhibitionistic Disorder Fetishistic Disorder Frotteuristic Disorder Pedophilic Disorder Sexual Masochism Disorder Sexual Sadism Disorder Transvestic Disorder Voyeuristic Disorder Other Specified Paraphilic Disorder Unspecified Paraphilic Disorder Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Self-Report Measures Psychophysiological Measures Etiological Considerations Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Cognitive Influences Course, Prognosis, and Treatment Case Study Summary References Chapter 17: Gender Dysphoria Description of the Disorder History and Terminology Clinical Picture Typical Clinical Presentations Less Common Clinical Presentations Subtypes of GD in Adults Subtypes Based on Sexual Orientation Subtypes Based on Age of Onset Diagnostic Considerations Diagnosing GD Differential Diagnosis Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions and Dual Diagnoses Epidemiology Prevalence and Sex Ratio Age of Onset Psychological and Biological Assessment Psychological Assessment Biological Assessment Clinical Course and Treatment Clinical Course Unresolved or Unknown Outcomes Acceptance of Natal Gender Part-Time Cross-Gender Behavior Full-Time Cross-Living and Sex Reassignment Treatment Treatment Guidelines Counseling and Psychotherapy Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy RLE in the Desired Gender Role Sex Reassignment Surgery Outcomes of Sex Reassignment Etiological Considerations Behavioral Genetics and Molecular Genetics Behavioral Genetics Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Neuroanatomy: Histological Studies Neuroanatomy: Imaging Studies Neurophysiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Cognitive Influences Sex and Ethnicity Considerations Case Study Summary References Chapter 18: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Alcohol Description of the Disorder Clinical Picture Diagnostic Considerations Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Critical Issues in Assessment Alcohol Use Alcohol Use Consequences Co-occurring Disorders High-Risk Situations and Self-Efficacy Neuropsychological Functioning Barriers To Change Biochemical Measures Etiological Considerations Behavioral Genetics and Molecular Genetics Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Learning, Modeling, and Life Events Cognitive Influences Sex and Racial-Ethnic Considerations Course and Prognosis Case Study Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment Summary References Chapter 19: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: Drugs Introduction Diagnostic Considerations Clinical Picture Physiological and Psychological Effects Comorbidity Assessment Screening and Treatment Planning Biological Detection Etiological Considerations Genetics Behavioral Genetics Molecular Genetics Gene-Environment Interactions Learning and Habituation Executive Functioning Neuroanatomy and Neurobiology Brain Reward Circuits Brain Stress Circuits Neuroadaptation in Reward and Stress Circuitry Specific Populations Sex and Gender Race and Ethnicity Sexual Orientation Course and Prognosis Case Study Case Identification Presenting Complaints History Assessment Summary References Chapter 20: Neurocognitive Disorders Introduction and Recent Developments Diagnostic Considerations Clinical Presentation Delirium Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorders of the Alzheimer's Type Major or Mild Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder With Lewy Bodies Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder Major or Mild Neurocognitive Disorder due to Huntington's Disease Other Conditions Important for Understanding Brain Functioning The Communicative Disorders Disorders of Perception and Motility Amnesia Pseudodementia Epidemiology Psychological and Biological Assessment Etiological Considerations Head Trauma Diseases of the Circulatory System Degenerative and Demyelinating Diseases Alcoholism Toxic, Infectious, and Metabolic Illnesses Genetic Factors Course and Prognosis Summary References Chapter 21: Personality Disorders Defining Personality: Traits, Dynamics, Pathology, and Disorders Personality Traits Personality Dynamics Severity of Personality Pathology Personality Disorder Style The Separation of Personality Pathology and Disorder Diagnostic Considerations: An Historical Backdrop to the Dsm-Iv DSM-I and DSM-II DSM-III and DSM-IV Clinical Picture: the Dsm-5 Section Ii Personality Disorders Research on the Dsm-5 Section Ii Personality Disorders Epidemiology Etiology Genetics Neurobiology Learning and Cognition Course and Prognosis Course Treatment Effects Assessment DSM Trait Models Psychoanalytic Assessment Summary The Dsm-5 Criticisms of the DSM-5 Section II PDs DSM-5 Section III PDs The Scientific Validity of DSM-5 Section III PDs The Clinical Utility of DSM-5 Section III PDs Case Study DSM-IV Diagnosis DSM-5 Diagnosis Nimh Research Domain Criteria Initiative DSM-5 and RDoC Interpersonal Hypersensitivity and the RDoC Negative Valence System Detachment and the RDoC System for Social Processes Summary References Author Index Subject Index End User License Agreement