OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW
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Preface Contents 1 BASIC CONCEPTS 1-1 Introduction 1-2 Definitions 1-3 Classification of Flows Steady and Unsteady Flows Uniform and Nonuniform flows Laminar and Turbulent Flows Subcritical, Supercritical, and Critical Flows 1-4 Terminology 1-5 Velocity Distribution Energy Coefficient Momentum Coefficient Example 1-1 Solution: 1-6 Pressure Distribution Static Conditions Horizontal, Parallel Flow Parallel Flow in Sloping Channels Curvilinear Flow 1-7 Reynolds Transport Theorem 1-8 Hydraulic Models 1-9 Summary References 2 STEADY FLOW CONSERVATION LAWS 2-1 Introduction 2-2 Conservation of Mass 2-3 Conservation of Momentum 2-4 Equation of Motion Steady Flow Steady, Uniform Flow Unsteady, Nonuniform Flow 2-5 Specific Energy 2-6 Application of Momentum and Energy Equations 2-7 Channel Transition Example 2-1 Given: Determine: Solution: 2-8 Hydraulic Jump Example 2-2 Given: Determine: Solution: 2-9 Hydraulic Jump at Sluice Gate Outlet Example 2-3 Given: Determine: Solution: Depth Downstream of Jump Head Loss in the Jump Thrust on the Gate 2-10 Summary References 3 CRITICAL FLOW 3-1 Introduction 3-2 Rectangular Channel Specific Energy Unit discharge Specific force Wave Celerity 3-3 Non-Rectangular Channel Specific Energy Specific Force 3-4 Application of Critical Flow Constant-width Channel with Bottom Step Horizontal, Variable-width Channel Example 3-1 Given: Determine: Solution: 3-5 Location of Critical Flow 3-6 Computation of Critical Depth Design curves Trial-and-Error Procedure Numerical Methods Example 3-2 Given: Determine: Solution: Design Curves Trial-and-Error Procedure Numerical Methods 3-7 Critical Depths in Compound Channels General Remarks Example 3-3 Given: Determine: Solution: Q = 1.7m3/s Q = 2.5m3/s Q = 3.5 m3/s Algorithm for Computing the Critical Depths 3-8 Summary References 4 UNIFORM FLOW 4-1 Introduction 4-2 Flow Resistance 4-3 Flow Resistance Equations Chezy Equation Smooth Flows Rough Flows Manning Equation Other Resistance Equations 4-4 Computation of Normal Depth Design Curves Trial-and-Error Procedure Numerical Methods Example 4-1 Given: Determine: Solution: Design curves Trial-and-Error Procedure Numerical Method 4-5 Equivalent Manning Constant 4-6 Compound Channel Cross Section 4-7 Summary References 5 GRADUALLY VARIED FLOW 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Governing Equation 5-3 Classification of Water-Surface Profiles 5-4 General Remarks Zone 1 (M1 Profile) Zone 2 (M2 Profile) Zone 3 (M3 Profile) 5-5 Sketching of Water-Surface Profiles Example 5-1 Solution: Example 5-2 Solution: 5-6 Discharge From a Reservoir Example 5-3 Given: Determine: Solution: 5-7 Profiles in Compound Channels Example 5-4 Given: Determine: Solution: So= 0.0094 So= 0.0049 So= 0.0029 So= 0.001 Example 5-5 Given: Determine: Solution: So>Sc1 Sc1>So>Sc2 Sc2>So>Sc3 So
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