Methodology of Teaching Science

Description

Cover Contents Preface About the Author Chapter 1: Science as a School Subject Introduction Nature of Science Science as a Process Science as a Product Importance and Values of Science Science Education in India Summary Questions Chapter 2: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Science Introduction Taxonomy of Educational Objectives I. Cognitive Domain (Knowledge and Intellectual Skill) II. Affective Domain III. Psychomotor Domain Writing the Teaching Objectives in Behavioural Terms Behavioural Objectives in Cognitive Domain Behavioural Objectives in Affective Domain Behavioural Objectives in Psychomotor Domain The Importance and Need for Writing the Objectives in Behavioural Terms Summary Questions Chapter 3: Instructional Planning in Science Teaching Introduction Need for Instructional Planning Types of Instructional Planning Steps in Instructional Planning 1. Content Analysis 2. Presentation of the Content 3. Teaching Aids 4. Specific Tasks for One Period Summary Questions Chapter 4: Methods of Teaching Science Introduction Selection of an Appropriate Method Methods of Teaching Science 1. Lecture Method 2. Demonstration Method 3. Lecture-cum-Demonstration Method 4. Laboratory Method 5. Heuristic Method 6. Project Method 7. Problem Solving Method 8. Assignment Method 9. Question Answer Method 10. Role Playing Method 11. Brain Storming Method Summary Questions Chapter 5: Unit Planning and Lesson Planning Introduction Unit Planning Lesson Planning Summary Questions Chapter 6: Teaching Aids in Science Introduction Need and Importance of Teaching Aids Types of Teaching Aids I. On the Basis of the Sense Organs Involved II. On the Basis of the Size of learner Groups III. On the Basis of Learners’ Control over Teaching Aids IV. On the Basis of the Experience Provided by an Aid Dale’s Cone of Experience Effective Use of Teaching Aids Summary Questions Chapter 7: Curriculum in Science Introduction Aims of Science Education and Curriculum Organization—Critical Analysis I. Primary Stage II. Middle Stage III. Secondary Stage IV. Senior Secondary Stage Principles of Curriculum Construction I. Principle of Child Centeredness II. Principle of Integration of Science III. Principle of Flexibility IV. Principle of Community Centeredness V. Principle of Activity Centeredness VI. Principle of Creativity VII. Principle of Preservation of Culture Summary Questions Chapter 8: Science Laboratory Introduction Importance of a Science Laboratory Characteristics of a Good Science Laboratory Ideal Science Laboratory Design Guidelines for Teachers Maintenance of Records Laboratory Discipline Common Accidents and Their Remedies 1. Burns 2. Cuts 3. Eye Injuries 4. Poison 5. Inhalation of Gases 6. Fire Precautions in a Science Laboratory Summary Questions Chapter 9: Evaluation in Science Introduction Measurement Versus Assessment Versus Evaluation I. Measurement II. Assessment III. Evaluation Purpose of Evaluation Techniques of Evaluation I. Tools to Measure Cognitive Outcomes II. Tools to Measure Non-cognitive Outcomes How to Construct a Test? I. Planning the Test II. Framing the Questions III. Administering and Scoring the Test Types of Evaluation I. Diagnostic Test II. Remedial Teaching Summary Questions Chapter 10: Science Textbook Introduction The Need of the Science Textbook Features of a Good Textbook of Science I. External Features II. Internal Features Evaluation of a Science Textbook Textbook Evaluation by Rating Scale Summary Questions Chapter 11: Science Teacher Introduction What Does a Science Teacher Do? How to Be an Effective Science Teacher? Summary Questions Chapter 12: Co-curricular Activities in Science Introduction Science Fairs/Exhibition I. Objectives of Science Fairs II. Organization of a Science Fair Science Museums I. Objectives of a Science Museum II. Organization of a Science Museum Science Clubs I. Objectives of Science Clubs II. Organization of a Science Club III. Activities of a Science Club IV. Some Investigatory Projects of a Science Club Science Educational Tour I. Objectives of Science Educational Tours II. Organization of a Science Educational Tour Important Considerations for Planning Co-curricular Activities Role of a Teacher in Science Co-curricular Activities Summary Questions Appendices Appendix 1—Some Important Recommendations of National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 on Science and Related Aspects with Modifications Undertaken in 1992 The Essence and Role of Education National System of Education Child-Centred Approach Technical and Management Educations Books and Libraries Media and Educational Technology Education and Environment Mathematics Teaching Science Education The Evaluation Process and Examination Reform The Teacher Teacher Education Appendix 2—Summary of National Curriculum Framework, 2005 Summary of NCF 2005 Appendix 3—National Curriculum Framework on Science Science Appendix 4—List of Equipments for Physics Laboratory Appendix 5—List of Equipments for Chemistry Laboratory Appendix 6—List of Equipments for Biology Laboratory Appendix 7—Lesson Plan (Lecture-cum-Demonstration Method) Introduction Statement of Aim Revision questions Recapitulation Home assignment Appendix 8—Lesson Plan (Lecture-cum-Demonstration Method) Introduction Statement of the Aim Revision questions Recapitulation Home Assignment Appendix 9—Lesson Plan (Laboratory/Activity Method) Introduction Statement of the Aim Revision questions Recapitulation Home Assignment Appendix 10—Lesson Plan (Question–Answer Method) Introduction Statement of the Aim Home Assignment Appendix 11—Lesson Plan (Role Play Method) Introduction Statement of Aim Revision Questions Home Assignment Appendix 12—Lesson Plan (Assignment Method) Introduction Statement of the Aim Presentation Theoretical Assignment Suggested Readings Revision Questions Recapitulation Appendix 13—Sample Test Paper: Biology Appendix 14—Sample Test Paper: Chemistry Appendix 15—Sample Test Paper: Physics Index