The Role of Antioxidants in Longevity and Age-Related Diseases

Description

The average life expectancy has increased worldwide in the recent decades. This has presented new challenges as old age brings the onset of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis, osteoporosis, stroke, and Alzheimer’s disease. Studies and research have shown the potential preventive and therapeutic roles of antioxidants in aging and age-related diseases by inhibiting the formation or disrupting the propagation of free radicals and thus increasing healthy longevity, enhancing immune function, and decreasing oxidative stress. This has made an antioxidant rich diet of increasing importance in battling the detrimental effects of the aging process. “The Role of Antioxidants in Longevity and Age-Related Diseases” is the book that compiles research on antioxidants and their biological mechanisms that mediate age-related diseases. This book covers the major issues linked to antioxidants, aging, and age-related diseases, including changes in organ systems over the lifespan, age-related oxidative stress-induced redox imbalance, inflammaging, implications of inflammation in aging and age-related diseases, and the important role of antioxidant-rich foods in their prevention and treatment of various age-related diseases.  For researchers seeking a comprehensive single source on antioxidants and their roles in aging and age-related diseases, this novel text provides an up-to-date overview.  Preface Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Background References Chapter 2: Changes in Organ Systems over the Lifespan 2.1 Changes in Nervous System 2.2 Changes in Cognitive Function 2.3 Changes in Skin 2.4 Changes in Cardiovascular System 2.5 Changes in Renal System 2.6 Changes in Gastrointestinal System 2.7 Changes in Neuroendocrine Response References Chapter 3: Age-Related Oxidative Stress-Induced Redox Imbalance 3.1 Aging and Oxidative Stress 3.2 Redox Imbalance in Diabetes 3.3 Redox Imbalance in Neurodegenerative Disease 3.4 Redox Imbalance in Cancer 3.5 Redox Imbalance in Cardiovascular Disease References Chapter 4: Chronic Inflammation and Aging (Inflammaging) 4.1 Sources of Chronic Inflammation during Aging 4.1.1 Immunoglobulin or Cell Debris Production 4.1.2 The Microbiota and Gut Mucosa in Elderly 4.1.3 Cell Senescence 4.1.4 Immunosenescence 4.1.5 Coagulation and Fibrinolysis System References Chapter 5: Implications of Inflammation in Aging and Age-Related Diseases 5.1 Obesity 5.2 Neurodegenerative Diseases 5.3 Atherosclerosis 5.3.1 NADPH Oxidases 5.3.2 Xanthine Oxidase 5.3.3 Mitochondria 5.3.4 Dysfunctional, “Uncoupled” Endothelial NO Synthase 5.4 Cancer 5.5 Diabetes 5.6 Osteoporosis References Chapter 6: Antioxidant and Age-Related Diseases 6.1 Antioxidant 6.2 Natural Antioxidants 6.3 Mechanism of Action of Antioxidants 6.4 Reversal of Age-Related Changes by Antioxidants 6.5 Natural Products as a Protective Agent against Age-Related Diseases 6.5.1 Fruits and Vegetables 6.5.2 Whole Grains 6.5.3 Milk and Dairy Products 6.5.4 Olive and Fish Oils 6.6 Dietary Antioxidants and Age-Related Diseases 6.6.1 Curcumin 6.6.2 Epigallocatechin Gallate 6.6.3 Resveratrol References Chapter 7: The Role of Antioxidant on Health and Age-Related Diseases in Aging 7.1 Low Molecular Weight Antioxidant 7.2 Glutathione 7.3 Polyphenol 7.4 Carotenoids 7.5 Dietary Minerals 7.6 Ascorbic Acid 7.7 Vitamin E 7.8 Ubiquinone 7.9 Organosulfur Compounds 7.10 Ergothioneine 7.11 Betalains 7.12 Carnosine and Anserine References Chapter 8: Summary and Future Prospects References Conclusion Index