The Pinochet Regime

Description

"Carlos Huneeus's authoritative work explores and reveals the very nature of the Pinochet regime, examining its structures, its policies, and the complex of factors that made its lengthy duration possible. The Pinochet Regime helps us to understand not only Chile's past, but also the nature of the democracy that began on March 11, 1990."--BOOK JACKET. Cover Book Title Table of Contents List of Illustrations Preface to theEnglish-Language Edition Preface Introduction Notes 1-The Many Faces of the Pinochet Regime The Three Identities of the Pinochet Regime Developmentalist Dictatorships: Franco’s Spain and Pinochet’s Chile Varying Approaches to Analyzing the Pinochet Regime Notes 2-Installing the Authoritarian Regime Seizure of Power: Prerevolutionary Conditions Civilian Tolerance of Violence A Case of Political Violence: Argentina, 1969–1976 The Rapid Seizure of Power Implementation of Limited Synchronization Excising the “Marxist Cancer” The “Caravan of Death” The Institutionalization andPersonalization of Terror Voluntary Synchronization Limited Synchronization in the Universities Notes 3-Pinochet’s Leadership: The Bases of Power A Personalist or Strongman Dictatorship? Pinochet’s Professional Background The Army High Command The Presidency: Institutional Foundations and Ratification by Plebiscite Civilian Support A Sultanistic Resource: The DINA Notes 4-The Role of the Military Military Participation Without Politicization Worsening Civilian-Military Relations Growing Military Political Participation Under Allende Military Participation in Government Ministries Military Participation in Regional and Provincial Governments The Importance of Military Participation in Government Military Participation in the University System Notes 5-The Legitimation Strategy The Military’s Early Decision to Retain Power Historical Legitimacy and Chilean “Decadence” Legal-Constitutional Legitimacy Drafting the New Constitution The Constitutional Acts Constitutional Debates in the Council of State A Constitution for Pinochet Legitimacy Through Efficacy: The Neoliberal Model Notes 6-The Organization of Political Power The Problem of Military Institutionalization in Argentina and Uruguay Traditional Military Regimes and the Influence of Franquist Corporatism The Junta and the Organization of Legislative Power Gustavo Leigh’s Leadership Aspirations Presidential Personalization of Power and Institutional Resources The Council of State Weakening of the Military and Demands for a New Institutional Order The Role of Dissidence: Qué Pasa The Chacarillas Political Shift Implementation of the Chacarillas Plan The Fernández Cabinet: The Gremialista–Chicago Boy Coalition The Seven “Governments” of the Military Regime The Cabinet: Proportional Distribution of Posts and Ministerial Instability The Regime’s Ministers Notes 7-Jaime Guzmán and the Gremialista Movement The Gremialista Movement: A Power Group Jaime Guzmán and the Influence of Franco’s Spain Building the Gremialista Movement The Four Faces of the Gremialistas: From Adaptation to Innovation Guzmán and the Question of Human Rights Violations Guzmán’s Relations with the DINA and the Roman Catholic Church Mobilizing Political Support: Civilian Organizations The Gremialistas in Municipal Government Notes 8-The Chicago Boys: Legitimation Through Economic Success Political Orientation of the Chicago Boys Economic Leadership: Sergio de Castro, Hernán Büchi, and Miguel Kast Designing the Economic Program: “The Brick” Neutralization of Academic Centers Neutralization of Military Officers in COAJ and CORFO The ODEPLAN Boys: The Gremialista Movement and Economic Management Notes 9-Privatization: The Economic Policy of the Authoritarian Regime The Three Stages of Privatization Policy The Political Objectives Behind Privatization The Political Argument Behind Privatization: “Popular Capitalism” Privatization of the Pension System Privatization of Electric Companies Notes 10-The 1982–1983 Economic Crisis and the Politics of Apertura Reinforcing Pinochet’s Personalization of Power Conflicts Among Security Services The Weakening of Legitimation Through Efficacy Political Clientelism Renegotiating Debt and Neutralizing Small Business Discontent The Politics of Apertura and Liberalization The Catholic Church and the National Accord Opposition to the Apertura Radicalization of the Carabineros: DICOMCAR and the Degollados The End of Apertura and the Militarization of Politics Notes 11-Pinochet’s Defeat and the Question of Succession Institutional Consequences Conflicts and Divisions Among the Regime’s Supporters The Launch of Pinochet’s Electoral Campaign: Regional Tours The Opposition’s Role: The Long March to the “No” Campaign Pinochet’s Self-Fulfilling Prophecy The Opposition’s Three Arenas for Political Action The Opposition’s Decision to Participate in the 1988 Plebiscite Notes 12-The Limits of the New Democracy Partial Dismantling of the “Protected Democracy” and Military Prerogatives Political Criteria in Supreme Court Appointments Deepening Economic Reforms Obstacles Limiting the Elected Government Preparations for the 1989 Electoral Campaign Notes 13-The Consolidation of Democracy Difficulties of Democratization Human Rights Policies and General Pinochet’s Reaction The Downfall of General Pinochet Economic Performance Under Democracy Consolidation of Democratic Institutions Reemergence of the Party System Notes 14-Conclusion Notes Acronyms Chronology Bibliography Index About the Book