The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

Description

Symphony (Fr. simphonie, symphonie; Ger. Sinfonie, Symphonie; It. sinfonia) I. 18th century 1. Introduction. 2. Social aspects. 3. Sources. 4. Instrumentation. 5. Key, form. 6. Precursors. 7. Italy. 8. Dresden, Berlin and German Protestant centres. 9. Mannheim and other German Catholic courts. 10. The Habsburg monarchy: Vienna, Salzburg. 11. Paris. 12. London. 13. Other centres. 14. Haydn and Mozart. (i) Haydn. (ii) Mozart. Bibliography II. 19th century 1. The essence of the genre. 2. Beethoven. 3. Beethoven’s contemporaries. 4. The crisis of the 1830s. 5. Germany and Austria, 1840–1900. 6. Other countries, 1840–1900. 7. Mixtures with other genres. Bibliography III. 20th century 1. 1901–18: Mahler, Sibelius, Nielsen. 2. France and Germany after 1918. 3. Stravinsky; France after 1930. 4. Hindemith. 5. The USA. 6. Britain. 7. Scandinavia after Nielsen. 8. The USSR: Shostakovich. 9. Eastern Europe. 10. Germany after World War II. 11. The survival of the symphony. Bibliography