CONSTRUCTING THE SELF/OTHER NEXUS IN THE GREEK-TURKISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE

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Comparative Analyses of the Turkish and Greek Parliamentary Debates on the Imia/Kardak Crisis, the Capture of Abdullah Öcalan, and the Helsinki Summit LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS................................................................i INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1 PART I NATIONAL IDENTITY FORMATION IN GREECE AND TURKEY................................................................................................15 1.1. CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN-GREEK IDENTITY ............25 Influence of the Ancient Greek Heritage...................................29 National Independence and the Establishment of Greek Nation-State....................................................................................32 NATO and the EU Dimensions in Greece’s International Relations..........................................................................................51 1.2. CONSTRUCTION OF MODERN-TURKISH IDENTITY........57 Influence of the Ottoman Heritage.............................................59 Republican Era and Atatürk’s Reforms......................................67 Aftermath of WWII and the Transatlantic Alliance.................72 1.3. ENDING OF THE COLD WAR AND THE SEARCH FOR A NEW IDENTITY IN GREECE AND TURKEY......................83 PART II TURKISH AND GREEK PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES ON THE KARDAK / IMIA CRISIS........................................................93 2.1. RULE-BASED APPROACHES....................................................97 Bilateral Confrontation on the Grounds of Jurisprudence and Legislation..............................................................................98 State Sovereignty as a Normative Conception in the International Law........................................................................105 2.2. CULTURE-HISTORY-BASED APPROACHES.......................112 Other Conceived as the Aggressor and Expansionist Actor in the Region................................................................................113 Use of Self-Images and National Myths..................................123 2.3. POLICY-BASED APPROACHES..............................................127 Greek National Strategy and the ‘Turkish Threat’.................128 Policy Implications of Changing Security Perceptions..........129 Confidence Building Measures and Their Limits...................132 Debates on the Effects of Globalization and the EU Dimension..............................................................................136 Foreign Policy Goals and Link with the Cyprus Question...141 2.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS.......................................................144 PART III TURKISH AND GREEK PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES ON THE CAPTURE OF ABDULLAH ÖCALAN........................151 3.1. RULE-BASED APPROACHES..................................................157 Assessment of PKK and Its Activities.......................................159 Standpoint and Accountability of the International Organizations and Western World...........................................164 3.2. CULTURE-HISTORY-BASED APPROACHES.......................172 Criticisms of the Role of EU and Its Policies...........................173 Reference to Similes and Metaphors from National Historiography.............................................................................178 3.3. POLICY-BASED APPROACHES..............................................191 Implications of ‘Loneliness’ on Foreign Policy Preferences..191 Geopolitical Understandings and View of the Balkans.........195 Perceptions and Interpretations of the ‘Kurdish Movement’...................................................................199 Perspectives on NATO-EU Comparison..................................206 State-Level Accusations over Öcalan’s Capture.....................213 3.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS......................................................219 PART IV TURKISH AND GREEK PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES ON THE 1999 HELSINKI SUMMIT..............................................223 4.1. RULE-BASED APPROACHES..................................................227 Turkey’s Obligations Regarding the Acquis Communautaire...........................................................................227 Ambivalence about the EU’s Constraints and Benefits for Turkey.......................................................................231 Envisaged Role of the International Court of Justice in Bilateral Conflicts.........................................................................236 Reciprocal and Transitive Relations Between EU and NATO..............................................................................242 Loss of Legal Ground in the Cyprus Question.......................244 4.2. CULTURE-HISTORY-BASED APPROACHES.......................251 Realization of the Self and Domestication of the Other........252 Effect of International Engagements and Commitments on National Traditions.....................................................................256 Challenging the Greek Socio-Historical Attitude to Cyprus...........................................................................................266 4.3. POLICY-BASED APPROACHES..............................................272 Mutual Scepticism Towards Turkey’s Euro-Path...................273 Misconceptions About Human Rights and Minority Rights............................................................................278 Loss of Political Ground in the Cyprus Question...................282 4.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS.......................................................287 CONCLUSION..................................................................................289 BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................297