Ensuring Supply Reliability and Grid Stability in a 100% Renewable Electricity Sector in the Faroe Islands (Springer Theses)

Description

This book offers a comprehensive study concerning the reliability of renewable electricity production in the Faroe Islands. The first part reports on a RoadMap with investments in generation, storage and transmission capacity. Multiple scenarios, considering different technologies, are analysed. Practical constraints like the local resource potential, power plant locations and sizes are discussed, as well as the potential of tidal power. The second part of the book describes dynamic simulations studies carried out to investigate grid stability of the power system on the isolated island of Suðuroy. The available information about governor and automatic voltage regulators of the synchronous generators was very limited, therefore different approaches were combined to parameterise and validate the dynamic models. All in all, this book offers extensive information concerning the transition of the Faroese power system into a 100% renewable system. It is practice-oriented, and describes methods that can be applied to other power systems as well. Supervisor’s Foreword Acknowledgments Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 The Faroese Power System 1.2.1 Transmission and Distribution Grids 1.2.2 Power Plants 1.2.3 Ancillary Services 1.3 Problem Formulation and Project Objectives 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Thesis Outline References 2 Expansion Planning Theory 2.1 Tools and Models 2.2 Relevant Case Studies 2.2.1 International Studies 2.2.2 Faroese Studies 2.3 Proposed Methodology 2.3.1 Balmorel 2.3.2 RoadMap Generation 2.3.3 Validation 2.4 Chapter Summary References 3 Optimisation of the Future Power System 3.1 Investigated Scenarios 3.1.1 Main Scenarios 3.1.2 Sensitivity Scenarios 3.2 Model Description 3.2.1 Transmission System 3.2.2 Demand 3.2.3 Thermal Power Plants 3.2.4 Hydro Power Plants 3.2.5 Pumped Hydro Storage Systems 3.2.6 Wind Power Plants 3.2.7 Photovoltaic Power 3.2.8 Tidal Power Plants 3.2.9 Battery Storage Systems 3.2.10 Constraint on Emissions 3.2.11 Constraint on the Inverter Based Generation 3.3 Economically Optimal Energy Mixture 3.3.1 Investments 3.3.2 Dispatch 3.3.3 Economics 3.3.4 Sensitivity Analysis 3.4 Chapter Summary References 4 100by2030 RoadMap 4.1 Translation of Optimal Results 4.2 Proposed RoadMap 4.3 RoadMap Validation 4.4 Chapter Summary Reference 5 Power System Regulation and Modelling Theory 5.1 Provision of Ancillary Services 5.1.1 Traditional Approaches 5.1.2 State of the Art Approaches 5.2 Faroese Power System Stability Studies 5.2.1 Study Based on Aggregated Models 5.3 Validation of Dynamic Power System Models 5.3.1 Road to a Validated Model of the Faroese Power System 5.3.2 Proposed Procedure 5.3.3 The Particle Swarm Optimisation 5.4 Chapter Summary References 6 Faroese Power System PowerFactory Model 6.1 Model Description 6.1.1 Cables and Overhead Lines 6.1.2 Transformers 6.1.3 Loads 6.1.4 Reactors 6.1.5 Synchronous Generators 6.1.6 Wind Power Plants 6.1.7 Farm Control Unit 6.1.8 Photovoltaic Panels 6.1.9 Battery Systems 6.1.10 Synchronous Condenser 6.2 Model Validation 6.2.1 Static Model 6.2.2 Primary Control of Synchronous Generators 6.2.3 Secondary Frequency Control 6.2.4 Load Modelling 6.2.5 Wind Power Plants 6.3 Chapter Summary References 7 Dynamic Studies of the Power System on Suuroy 7.1 Frequency and Voltage Fluctuations 7.1.1 Operation Scenario 7.1.2 Study Cases 7.1.3 Comparison of Study Cases 7.2 Suuroy Towards 2030 7.2.1 Expansions in According to the RoadMap 7.2.2 Expansions Related to Ancillary Services 7.2.3 Simulation Operation Scenario 7.2.4 Study Cases 7.3 Large Short Term Disturbances 7.3.1 Loss of BO G1 7.3.2 Sudden Loss of Wind Power 7.3.3 Load Rejection 7.4 Inertia Emulation from Wind Turbines 7.5 Representation of the Main Grid 7.5.1 Modelling 7.5.2 Simulation Results 7.6 From Suuroy to the Main Grid 7.7 Chapter Summary References 8 Conclusions 8.1 The First Objective 8.1.1 Main Contributions 8.1.2 Future Works 8.2 The Second Objective 8.2.1 Main Contributions 8.2.2 Future Works 8.3 Concluding Remarks References Appendix A Expansion Planning Data Appendix B PowerFactory Model Validation About the Author